本文为Python自动化测试框架基础入门篇&＃xff0c;主要帮助会写基本selenium测试代码又没有规划的同仁。
本文应用到POM模型、selenium、unittest框架、configparser配置文件、smtplib邮件发送、HTMLTestRunner测试报告模块结合登录案例实现简单自动化测试框架
项目主要包括以下几个部分
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conif.ini 放置配置文件
例如&＃xff1a;
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myunit.py文件放置的浏览器操作代码
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver &＃61; webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
self.driver.maximize_window()
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
if __name__&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;__main__&＃39;:
unittest.main()
base.py中放置浏览器对象操作代码
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import os,configparser
class Page(object):
path &＃61; os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))
cfpath &＃61; os.path.join(path, &＃39;autoparker\config\conf.ini&＃39;)
conf &＃61; configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read(cfpath)
url&＃61;conf.get(&＃39;base&＃39;,&＃39;url&＃39;)
def __init__(self,driver,url&＃61;url):
self.driver&＃61;driver
self.url&＃61;url
def open(self):
self.driver.get(self.url)
def find_element(self,*loc):#传入参数为元组需要加*&＃xff0c;本身就是元组的不需要*
#print(*loc)
try:
WebDriverWait(self.driver,10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
return self.driver.find_element(*loc)
except:
print(&＃39;页面中未找到 %s 元素&＃39;%(self,loc))
def find_elements(self,*loc):
return self.driver.find_elements(*loc)
def send_keys(self,loc,value):
self.find_element(*loc).send_keys(value)
def click(self,loc):
self.find_element(*loc).click()
def clear(self,loc):
self.find_element(*loc).clear()
loginpage.py中放置通用登录模块代码(尽量避免重复代码)
from selenium.webdriver.common.by importByfrom time importsleepfrom objpage.base importPageclasslogin(Page):
username_loc&＃61;(By.NAME,&＃39;accounts&＃39;)
password_loc&＃61;(By.NAME,&＃39;pwd&＃39;)
login_button_loc&＃61;(By.XPATH,&＃39;/html/body/div[5]/div/form/fieldset/p/button&＃39;)
login_error_loc&＃61;(By.XPATH,&＃39;//*[&＃64;id&＃61;"common-prompt"]/p&＃39;)deflogin_username(self,username):
self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()
self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)deflogin_password(self,password):
self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)deflogin_button(self):
self.find_element(*self.login_button_loc).click()#统一登录入口
defuser_login(self,username,password):
self.open()
self.login_username(username)
self.login_password(password)
self.login_button()
sleep(2)#登录提示信息
deflogin_error_text(self):return self.find_element(*self.login_error_loc).text
parker.py中放置公共元素操作代码(parker是我随便命名的&＃xff0c;不纠结)
from selenium importwebdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains importActionChainsfrom selenium.webdriver.support.select importSelectclassParker(object):def __init__(self,browser&＃61;&＃39;chrome&＃39;):if browser&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;ie&＃39; or browser&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;internet explorer&＃39;:
driver&＃61;webdriver.Ie()elif browser&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;firefox&＃39; or browser&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;ff&＃39;:
driver&＃61;webdriver.Firefox()elif browser&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;chrome&＃39;:
driver&＃61;webdriver.Chrome()try:
self.driver&＃61;driverexceptException:raise NameError(&＃39;没有找到浏览器&＃xff0c;请输入"ie","chrome","ff"&＃39;)def wait(self,secs&＃61;5): #隐式等待
self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)def to_element(self,key):#元素定位
if &＃39;->&＃39; not in key: #如果key里面不包含&＃61;就执行下列语句
raise NameError(&＃39;参数类型输入错误&＃39;)
by&＃61;key.split(&＃39;->&＃39;)[0] #通过分隔获取[0]对应的值
val&＃61;key.split(&＃39;->&＃39;)[1]#通过分隔获取[1]对应的值
if by&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;id&＃39;:
element&＃61;self.driver.find_element_by_id(val)elif by&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;name&＃39;:
element&＃61;self.driver.find_element_by_name(val)elif by&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;class&＃39;:
element&＃61;self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(val)elif by&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;link_text&＃39;:
element&＃61;self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(val)elif by&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;xpath&＃39;:
element&＃61;self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(val)elif by&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;css&＃39;:
element&＃61;self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(val)else:raise NameError(&＃39;请输入正确的定位方式&＃xff1a;id,name,class,link_text,xpath,css&＃39;)returnelementdef open(self,url):#打开一个URL
self.driver.get(url)def max_window(self):#最大化窗口(浏览器)
self.driver.maximize_window()def set_windows(self,wide,high):#设置窗口大小
self.driver.set_window_size(wide,high)def input(self,key,text):#对文本框进行输入
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
el.send_keys(text)def click(self,key):#点击
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
el.click()def clear(self,key):#清除文本框内容
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
el.clear()def right_click(self,key):#右键操作
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()def move_to_element(self,key):#鼠标悬停
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()def drag_and_drop(self,el_key,ta_key):#拖拽 从一个元素拖到另外一个元素
el&＃61;self.to_element(el_key)
target&＃61;self.to_element(ta_key)
ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(el,target).perform()defclick_text(self,text):
self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()def close(self):#关闭当前浏览器窗口
self.driver.close()def quit(self):#退出浏览器
self.driver.quit()def submit(self,key):#提交事件
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
el.submit()def F5(self):#刷新
self.driver.refresh()def js(self,script):#执行js
self.driver.execute_script(script)def get_attribute(self,key,attribute):#获取元素属性
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)returnel.get_attribute(attribute)def get_text(self,key):#获取text
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)returnel.textdef get_title(self):#获取title
returnself.driver.titledef get_url(self):#获取url
returnself.driver.current_urldef to_frame(self,key):#窗口切换
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
self.driver.switch_to.frame(el)def alert_accept(self):#对话框确认操作
self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()def alert_dismiss(self):#对话框取消操作
self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()def img(self,fp):#截图
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(fp)def select_by_value(self,key,value):#下拉框操作
el&＃61;self.to_element(key)
Select(el).select_by_value(value)
send_email.py放置邮件发送代码
importsmtplibfrom email.mime.text importMIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartimportconfigparserimportosdefsendEmail(file_path):
path&＃61;os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("."))
cfpath&＃61;os.path.join(path,&＃39;autoparker\config\conf.ini&＃39;)
conf&＃61;configparser.ConfigParser()
conf.read(cfpath)
smtpserver&＃61; conf.get(&＃39;emailqq&＃39;,&＃39;smtpserver&＃39;)
sender&＃61; conf.get(&＃39;emailqq&＃39;,&＃39;sender&＃39;)
pwd&＃61; conf.get(&＃39;emailqq&＃39;,&＃39;pwd&＃39;)
receiver&＃61;[]
email_to&＃61;conf.get(&＃39;emailqq&＃39;,&＃39;receiver&＃39;)
email_array&＃61;email_to.split(&＃39;;&＃39;)for i inrange(len(email_array)):
receiver.append(email_array[i])print(receiver)
with open(file_path,&＃39;rb&＃39;) as fp:
mail_boby&＃61;fp.read()
msg&＃61;MIMEMultipart()
msg[&＃39;From&＃39;]&＃61;sender
msg[&＃39;To&＃39;]&＃61;",".join(receiver)
msg[&＃39;Subject&＃39;]&＃61;&＃39;我曾把完整的镜子打碎&＃39;body&＃61;MIMEText(mail_boby,&＃39;html&＃39;,&＃39;utf-8&＃39;)
msg.attach(body)
att&＃61;MIMEText(mail_boby,&＃39;html&＃39;,&＃39;utf-8&＃39;)
att[&＃39;Content-Type&＃39;]&＃61;&＃39;application/octet-stream&＃39;att[&＃39;Content-Disposition&＃39;]&＃61;&＃39;attachment;filename&＃61;"test_reuslt.html"&＃39;msg.attach(att)try:
smtp&＃61;smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smtpserver)
smtp.login(sender,pwd)except:
smtp&＃61;smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,465)
smtp.login(sender,pwd)
smtp.sendmail(sender,receiver,msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
sendEmail(&＃39;D:\\report.html&＃39;)
最后main.py文件放置的就是运行代码(执行这个文件进行测试就可以)
importHTMLTestRunnerimportunittestfrom test_case.login importloginTestfrom public.send_email importsendEmailif __name__&＃61;&＃61;&＃39;__main__&＃39;:
testunit&＃61;unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(loginTest)
suite&＃61;unittest.TestSuite(testunit)
file_path&＃61;"D:\\html_report.html"fp&＃61;open(file_path,&＃39;wb&＃39;)
runner&＃61;HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream&＃61;fp,title&＃61;&＃39;登录测试&＃39;,description&＃61;&＃39;测试执行结果&＃39;)
runner.run(suite)
fp.close()
sendEmail(file_path)
今天就先到这里&＃xff0c;一个入门级的自动化测试框架&＃xff0c;由于是非专业开发自学&＃xff0c;拿出来给大家分享&＃xff0c;编程代码可能有点不规范&＃xff0c;命名也很随意。大家先将就着看吧&＃xff01;回头慢慢完善。
还要多向大佬们学习。
备注&＃xff1a;有想一起自学的朋友可以看配置文件代码&＃xff0c;一起交流。三人行必有我师焉
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