python自动化Python接口自动化测试

一、基础准备

1. 环境搭建

工欲善其事必先利其器&＃xff0c;废话不多说。我们先开始搭建环境。

# 创建项目目录

mkdir InterfaceTesting

# 切换到项目目录下

cd InterfaceTesting

# 安装虚拟环境创建工具

pip install virtualenv

# 创建虚拟环境&＃xff0c;env代表虚拟环境的名称&＃xff0c;可自行定义

virtualenv env

# 启动虚拟环境&＃xff0c;执行下面命令后会发现路径上有 (env) 字样的标识

source env/Scripts/activate

# 查看 (env) 环境下使用的 Python 和 pip 工具版本

ls env/Scripts/

# *** 安装 requests ***

pip install requests

# 退出虚拟环境&＃xff0c;退出后路径上的 (env) 字样的标识消失

cd env/Scripts/

deactivate

# 导出环境所需要的模块的清单

pip freeze >> requirements.txt

# 上传 GitHub 时&＃xff0c;将下面项忽略上传

echo env/ >> .gitignore

echo InterfaceTesting.iml >> .gitignore

echo __pycache__/ >> .gitignore

# 将代码传至 GitHub

# 本地仓初始化

git init

# 创建本地仓与 GitHub 仓的远程链接

git remote add github 你的github仓的地址

# 将代码添加到暂存区

git add .

# 将代码提交到

git commit -m "init environment"

# 将代码上传到GitHub仓中

git push github master

初始化环境的项目结构示例如下&＃xff1a;

2. 接口基础知识

2.1 接口分类

接口一般来说有两种&＃xff0c;一种是程序内部的接口&＃xff0c;一种是系统对外的接口。

(1) webservice接口&＃xff1a;走soap协议通过http传输&＃xff0c;请求报文和返回报文都是xml格式的&＃xff0c;我们在测试的时候都要通过工具才能进行调用&＃xff0c;测试。

(2) http api 接口&＃xff1a;走http协议&＃xff0c;通过路径来区分调用的方法&＃xff0c;请求报文都是key-value形式的&＃xff0c;返回报文一般都是json串&＃xff0c;有get和post等方法。

2.2 接口请求类型

根据接口的请求方法&＃xff0c;常用的几种接口请求方式&＃xff1a;

(1) GET&＃xff1a;从指定资源获取数据

(2) POST&＃xff1a;向指定的资源请求被处理的数据&＃xff08;例如用户登录&＃xff09;

(3) PUT&＃xff1a;上传指定的URL&＃xff0c;一般是修改&＃xff0c;可以理解为数据库中的 update

(4) DELETE&＃xff1a;删除指定资源

二、Requests 快速上手

1. requests基础

所有的数据测试目标以一个开源的接口模拟网站【HTTPBIN】为测试对象。

1.1 发送请求 #!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : requests_send_request.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/2 11:54

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : None

"""

import requests

# 1.requests请求方式

# (1) GET请求方式

httpbin_get &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/get&＃39;, data&＃61;{&＃39;key&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;})

print(&＃39;httpbin_get: &＃39;, httpbin_get.text)

# (2) POST请求方式

httpbin_post &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, data&＃61;{&＃39;key&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;})

print(&＃39;httpbin_post: &＃39;, httpbin_post.text)

# (3) PUT请求方式

httpbin_put &＃61; requests.put(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/put&＃39;, data&＃61;{&＃39;key&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;})

print(&＃39;httpbin_put: &＃39;, httpbin_put.text)

# (4) DELETE请求方式

httpbin_delete &＃61; requests.delete(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/delete&＃39;, data&＃61;{&＃39;key&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;})

print(&＃39;httpbin_delete&＃39;, httpbin_delete)

# (5) PATCH亲求方式

httpbin_patch &＃61; requests.patch(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/patch&＃39;, data&＃61;{&＃39;key&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;})

print(&＃39;httpbin_patch&＃39;, httpbin_patch)

1.2 参数传递

常用的参数传递形式有四种&＃xff1a;【

&＃xff08;1&＃xff09;字典形式的参数&＃xff1a;payload &＃61; {&＃39;key1&＃39;: &＃39;value1&＃39;, &＃39;key2&＃39;: &＃39;value2&＃39;}

(2) 元组形式的参数&＃xff1a;payload &＃61; ((&＃39;key1&＃39;, &＃39;value1&＃39;), (&＃39;key2&＃39;, &＃39;value2&＃39;))

(3) 字符串形式的参数&＃xff1a;payload &＃61; {&＃39;string1&＃39;, &＃39;value1&＃39;}

(4) 多部份编码的文件&＃xff1a;files &＃61; {

# 显示设置文件名、文件类型和请求头

&＃39;file&＃39;: (&＃39;report.xls&＃39;, open(&＃39;report.xls&＃39;, &＃39;rb&＃39;), &＃39;application/vnd.ms-excel&＃39;, {&＃39;Expires&＃39;: &＃39;0&＃39;})

}

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : requests_transfer_parameter.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/2 12:39

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : 参数传递&＃xff1a;字典、元组、字符串、文件

"""

import requests

# 2. 参数传递

# (1) 传参参数为字典形式: 数据字典会在发送请求时会自动编码为表单形式

def transfer_dict_parameter():

payload &＃61; {

&＃39;key1&＃39;: &＃39;value1&＃39;,

&＃39;key2&＃39;: &＃39;value2&＃39;

}

transfer_dict_parameter_result &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, params&＃61;payload)

print("transfer_dict_parameter_url: ", transfer_dict_parameter_result.url)

print("transfer_dict_parameter_text: ", transfer_dict_parameter_result.text)

transfer_dict_parameter()

# (2) 传参参数为元组形式: 应用于在表单中多个元素使用同一 key 的时候

def transfer_tuple_parameter():

payload &＃61; (

(&＃39;key1&＃39;, &＃39;value1&＃39;),

(&＃39;key1&＃39;, &＃39;value2&＃39;)

)

transfer_tuple_parameter_result &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, params&＃61;payload)

print(&＃39;transfer_tuple_parameter_url: &＃39;, transfer_tuple_parameter_result.url)

print(&＃39;transfer_tuple_parameter_text: &＃39;, transfer_tuple_parameter_result.text)

transfer_tuple_parameter()

# (3) 传参参数形式是字符串形式

def transfer_string_parameter():

payload &＃61; {

&＃39;string1&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;

}

transfer_string_parameter_result &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;https://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, params&＃61;payload)

print(&＃39;transfer_string_parameter_url: &＃39;, transfer_string_parameter_result.url)

print(&＃39;transfer_string_parameter_text: &＃39;, transfer_string_parameter_result.text)

transfer_string_parameter()

# (4) 传参参数形式&＃xff1a;一个多部分编码&＃xff08;Multipart-Encoded&＃xff09;的文件

def transfer_multipart_encoded_file():

interface_url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/post&＃39;

files &＃61; {

# 显示设置文件名、文件类型和请求头

&＃39;file&＃39;: (&＃39;report.xls&＃39;, open(&＃39;report.xls&＃39;, &＃39;rb&＃39;), &＃39;application/vnd.ms-excel&＃39;, {&＃39;Expires&＃39;: &＃39;0&＃39;})

}

transfer_multipart_encoded_file_result &＃61; requests.post(url&＃61;interface_url, files&＃61;files)

print(&＃39;transfer_multipart_encoded_file_result_url: &＃39;, transfer_multipart_encoded_file_result.url)

print(&＃39;transfer_multipart_encoded_file_result_url: &＃39;, transfer_multipart_encoded_file_result.text)

transfer_multipart_encoded_file()

1.3 接口响应

给接口传递参数&＃xff0c;请求接口后&＃xff0c;接口会给我们我们响应返回&＃xff0c;接口在返回的时候&＃xff0c;会给我们返回一个状态码来标识当前接口的状态。

&＃xff08;1&＃xff09;状态码

【1xx | ---- |信息类的状态码 **

| 100 | Continue | 服务器仅接收到部分请求&＃xff0c;但是一旦服务器并没有拒绝该请求&＃xff0c;客户端应该继续发送其余的请求。

| 101 | Switching Protocols | 服务器转换协议&＃xff0c;服务器将遵从客户的请求转换到另外一种协议

**2xx | ---- |*成功类的状态码 *

| 200 | OK | 请求成功&＃xff08;是对 GET 或 POST 的请求应答文档&＃xff09;

| 201 | Created | 请求被创建完成&＃xff0c;同时信的资源被创建

| 202 | Accepted | 供处理的请求已被接收&＃xff0c;但是处理未完成

| 203 | Non-authoritative Information | 文档已正常地返回&＃xff0c;但一些应答头可能不正确&＃xff0c;以为使用的式文档的拷贝

| 204 | No Content | 没有新文档。浏览器应该继续显示原来的文档。如果用户定期地刷新页面&＃xff0c;而Servlet可以确定用户文档足够新&＃xff0c;这个状态代码是很有用的。

| 205 | Reset Content | 没有新文档。但浏览器应该重置它所显示的内容。用来强制浏览器清除表单输入内容。

| 206 | Partial Content | 客户发送了一个带有Range头的GET请求&＃xff0c;服务器完成了它。

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : response_code.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/2 15:41

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : None

"""

import requests

# 1. 返回接口状态码&＃xff1a;200

def response_200_code():

interface_200_url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/status/200&＃39;

response_get &＃61; requests.get(interface_200_url)

response_get_code &＃61; response_get.status_code

print(&＃39;response_get_code: &＃39;, response_get_code)

response_200_code()

# 2.返回接口状态码&＃xff1a;400

def response_400_code():

interface_400_url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/status/400&＃39;

response_get &＃61; requests.get(interface_400_url)

response_get_code &＃61; response_get.status_code

print(&＃39;response_get_code: &＃39;, response_get_code)

response_400_code()

&＃xff08;2&＃xff09;响应头 #!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : response_content.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/2 15:41

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : None

"""

import requests

# 1. 返回接口状态码&＃xff1a;

# (1). 返回接口状态码&＃xff1a;200

def response_200_code():

interface_200_url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/status/200&＃39;

response_get &＃61; requests.get(interface_200_url)

response_get_code &＃61; response_get.status_code

print(&＃39;response_get_code: &＃39;, response_get_code)

response_200_code()

# (2).返回接口状态码&＃xff1a;400

def response_400_code():

interface_400_url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/status/400&＃39;

response_get &＃61; requests.get(interface_400_url)

response_get_code &＃61; response_get.status_code

print(&＃39;response_get_code: &＃39;, response_get_code)

response_400_code()

# (3) 重定向接口返回状态码&＃xff1a;301

def response_301_code():

interface_url &＃61; &＃39;https://butian.360.cn&＃39;

response_get &＃61; requests.get(interface_url)

response_get_code &＃61; response_get.status_code

print(&＃39;response_get_code: &＃39;, response_get_code)

response_301_code()

# ------------------------------------------------------

# 2. 响应内容

  响应内容的请求头、查看文本、编码方式、二进制响应、原始响应。

def response_contents():

url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/get&＃39;

response_get &＃61; requests.get(url&＃61;url)

# 响应头

print(&＃39;response_get_headers&＃39;, response_get.headers)

# 响应文本

print(&＃39;response_get_text: &＃39;, response_get.text)

# 文本编码方式

print(&＃39;response_get_encoding: &＃39;, response_get.encoding)

# 二进制响应内容

print(&＃39;response_get_content: &＃39;, response_get.content)

# 原始响应内容

origin_content &＃61; response_get.raw

origin_content_read &＃61; origin_content.read(10)

print(&＃39;origin_content: &＃39;, origin_content)

print(&＃39;origin_content_read: &＃39;, origin_content_read)

response_contents()

1.4 接口其他处理

(1) 操作COOKIEs import requests

import time

url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/get&＃39;

def operator_COOKIEs():

r &＃61; requests.get(url)

print(&＃39;r.COOKIEs: &＃39;, r.COOKIEs)

jar &＃61; requests.COOKIEs.RequestsCOOKIEJar()

jar.set(&＃39;tasty_COOKIE&＃39;, &＃39;yum&＃39;, domain&＃61;&＃39;httpbin.org&＃39;, path&＃61;&＃39;/COOKIEs&＃39;)

jar.set(&＃39;gross_COOKIE&＃39;, &＃39;blech&＃39;, domain&＃61;&＃39;httpbin.org&＃39;, path&＃61;&＃39;/elsewhere&＃39;)

r2 &＃61; requests.get(url&＃61;url, COOKIEs&＃61;jar)

print(&＃39;r2.text&＃39;, r2.text)

operator_COOKIEs()

(2) 请求历史 import requests

url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/get&＃39;

def request_history():

r &＃61; requests.get(url&＃61;url)

print(&＃39;r.history: &＃39;, r.history)

request_history()

(3) 超时请求

requests 在经过 timeout 参数设定的秒数时间之后停止等待响应。

import requests

import time

def timeout():

print(time.time())

url &＃61; &＃39;https://httpbin.org/get&＃39;

print(time.time())

r &＃61; requests.get(url, timeout&＃61;5)

print(time.time())

timeout()

(4) 错误与异常

常见的错误异常有&＃xff1a;

· 遇到网络问题&＃xff08;如&＃xff1a;DNS 查询失败、拒绝连接等时&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;requests 会抛出一个 ConnectionError 异常。

· 如果 HTTP 请求返回了不成功的状态码&＃xff0c; Response.raise_for_status() 会抛出一个 HTTPError异常。

· 若请求超时&＃xff0c;则超出一个 Timeout 异常。

· 若请求超过了设定的最大重定向次数&＃xff0c;则会抛出一个 TooManyRedirects 异常。

· 所有 Requests 显式抛出的异常都继承自 requests.exceptions.RequestsException。

2.1 会话对象

2.2 请求与响应对象

2.3 准备的请求

2.4 SSL证书验证

2.5 客户端证书

三、接口测试实战

1. 百度翻译接口测试

理论千千万万&＃xff0c;实战才是真理。百度翻译提供了一套成熟的翻译接口&＃xff08;不是恰饭&＃xfffd;&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;我们就用此接口对前面理论进行实战。【

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : baidu_translate.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/2 20:05

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : None

"""

import requests

import random

import hashlib

import urllib

import json

class BaiduTranslate(object):

def __init__(self, word):

# 你要翻译的元素

self.q &＃61; word

self.fromLang &＃61; &＃39;en&＃39;

self.toLang &＃61; &＃39;zh&＃39;

self.baidu_translate &＃61; &＃39;https://api.fanyi.baidu.com&＃39;

self.translate_api_url &＃61; &＃39;/api/trans/vip/translate&＃39;

# 百度开发者配置信息

self.appid &＃61; &＃39;XXXXXXXX&＃39;

self.secretKey &＃61; &＃39;XXXXXXXX&＃39;

# 开发配置

self.salt &＃61; random.randint(32768, 65536)

self.sign &＃61; self.appid &＃43; self.q &＃43; str(self.salt) &＃43; self.secretKey

m1 &＃61; hashlib.md5()

m1.update(self.sign.encode(&＃39;utf-8&＃39;))

self.sign &＃61; m1.hexdigest()

self.my_url &＃61; self.translate_api_url &＃43; &＃39;?appid&＃61;&＃39; &＃43; self.appid &＃43; &＃39;&q&＃61;&＃39; &＃43; urllib.request.quote(self.q) &＃43; &＃39;&from&＃61;&＃39; &＃43; self.fromLang &＃43; &＃39;&to&＃61;&＃39; &＃43; self.toLang &＃43; &＃39;&salt&＃61;&＃39; &＃43; str(self.salt) &＃43; &＃39;&sign&＃61;&＃39; &＃43; self.sign

def en_translate_zh(self):

re &＃61; requests.request(&＃39;post&＃39;, self.baidu_translate &＃43; self.my_url)

print(&＃39; re.text&＃39;, re.text)

re_json &＃61; json.loads(re.text)

print(&＃39; re_json&＃39;, re_json)

if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; "__main__":

bt &＃61; BaiduTranslate(&＃39;test&＃39;)

bt.en_translate_zh()

2. urllib请求接口

有了requests库请求接口了&＃xff0c;为什么要再用urllib来请求接口呢&＃xff1f;因为urllib是python的基础库&＃xff0c;不需要下载安装&＃xff0c;在对环境要求甚高的环境下&＃xff0c;在不破坏原来的环境下&＃xff0c;依然可以让自动化代码依然运行。【

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : urllib_request.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/2 20:49

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : None

"""

from urllib import request

from urllib import parse

def urllib_request():

base_url &＃61; &＃39;http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api&＃39;

payload &＃61; {

&＃39;key1&＃39;: &＃39;Your&＃39;,

&＃39;key2&＃39;: &＃39;你好&＃39;

}

ur &＃61; request.Request(url&＃61;base_url)

ur_response &＃61; request.urlopen(ur)

print(&＃39; ur_response: &＃39;, ur_response)

print(&＃39; ur_response_getcode: &＃39;, ur_response.getcode)

print(&＃39; ur_response_headers: &＃39;, ur_response.headers)

data &＃61; parse.urlencode(payload).encode(&＃39;utf-8&＃39;)

url_payload &＃61; request.Request(url&＃61;base_url, data&＃61;data)

url_payload_response &＃61; request.urlopen(url_payload)

print(&＃39; url_payload_response: &＃39;, url_payload_response)

print(&＃39; url_payload_response_getcode: &＃39;, url_payload_response.getcode)

print(&＃39; url_payload_response_headers: &＃39;, url_payload_response.headers)

print(&＃39; url_payload_response_msg: &＃39;, url_payload_response.msg)

print(&＃39; url_payload_response_read: &＃39;, url_payload_response.read)

urllib_request()

四、搭建测试接口平台

自搭建的接口平台使用Django框架进行开发&＃xff0c;基于当前接口的需求&＃xff08;接口的增、删、改、查&＃xff09;功能&＃xff0c;搭建一个满足需要的接口测试平台。

1. 环境搭建

1.1 项目创建

# 下载 django 框架库

pip install django

# 创建 django 工程

django-admin startproject InterfaceTestingMock

# 创建 api_crud app

cd InterfaceTestingMock

python manage.py startapp interface_crud

# 创建 api_mock 工程的虚拟运行环境

viutualenv env

# 激活虚拟环境

source env/Scripts/activate

# 退出虚拟环境

deactivate

# 导出虚拟环境 env 所需要的库

pip freeze >> requirements.txt

1.2 接口开发配置

(1) 创建表结构

python manage.py migrate

(2) 编写模型层代码&＃xff0c;以下语句相当于创建了两张表&＃xff1a;User&＃xff0c;Article

# interface_crud.models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):

id &＃61; models.AutoField(primary_key&＃61;True)

user_name &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;50)

user_password &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;100)

# active inactive

status &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;10)

class Article(models.Model):

id &＃61; models.AutoField(primary_key&＃61;True)

title &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;50)

content &＃61; models.TextField()

# delete alive

status &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;10)

(3) 新增表&＃xff0c;执行下面语句让 django 知道表发生了变化

python manage.py makemigrations interface_crud

(4) 再次创建表

python manage.py migrate

(5) 生成创建超级管理员账号

# 依次数据用户名、邮箱地址、密码、重复密码、确认(y)

python manage.py createsuperuser

(6) 配置接口请求地址

# InterfaceTestingMock.urls.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from interface_crud.views import add_article, modify_article

urlpatterns &＃61; [

path(&＃39;admin/&＃39;, admin.site.urls),

path(&＃39;articles/&＃39;, add_article),

path(&＃39;articles&＃39;, modify_article)

]

## 2. 接口开发

&emsp:&emsp:就目前常用的接口参数传参形式分别有&＃xff1a;表单类接口传参&＃xff0c;多用于提供给前端页面&＃xff08;后续学习跟进总结&＃xff09;&＃xff1b;另一种常用的就是 json 传参形式的&＃xff0c;这种传参形式能够满足开发处业务逻辑更为复杂的接口&＃xff0c;本次接口开发就采用该形式。【**[GitHub示例](https://github.com/Crisimple/InterfaceTesting/commit/608019d5402b08673fa31cc4bd762a96d96d7063)**】---【**[GitHub示例](https://github.com/Crisimple/InterfaceTesting/commit/0fc0ddcd965081686b53b657d63a26f2d06cb6c9)**】

&＃96;&＃96;&＃96;!

备注&＃xff1a;2.1-2.6是根据【** [秦无殇的博客](https://www.cnblogs.com/webDepOfQWS/p/10693152.html)**】学习整理而来&＃xff0c;谢谢这位老哥❀

2.1 查询文章接口

from interface_crud.models import Article

from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse

import json

# Create your views here.

# 查询文章

def query_article(request):

if request.method &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;GET&＃39;:

articles &＃61; {}

query_articles &＃61; Article.objects.all()

print(&＃39;query_articles: &＃39;, query_articles)

for title in query_articles:

articles[title.title] &＃61; title.status

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.200", "all_titles": articles, "msg": "query articles success."})

print("request.body", request.body)

else:

return HttpResponse("方法错误")

2.2 增加文章接口

# 增加文章

def add_article(request):

auth_res &＃61; user_auth(request)

if auth_res &＃61;&＃61; "auth_fail":

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.401", "msg": "user auth failed."})

else:

if request.method &＃61;&＃61; "POST":

# b&＃39;&＃39;

print(&＃39;request.body: &＃39;, request.body)

print(&＃39;request.body: &＃39;, type(request.body))

req_dict &＃61; json.loads(request.body)

print(&＃39;req_json: &＃39;, req_dict)

print(&＃39;req_json: &＃39;, type(req_dict))

key_flag &＃61; req_dict.get(&＃39;title&＃39;) and req_dict.get(&＃39;content&＃39;) and len(req_dict) &＃61;&＃61; 2

print(&＃39;key_flag: &＃39;, key_flag)

# 判断请求体是否正确

if key_flag:

title &＃61; req_dict[&＃39;title&＃39;]

content &＃61; req_dict[&＃39;content&＃39;]

# title返回的是一个list

title_exist &＃61; Article.objects.filter(title&＃61;title)

# 判断是否存在同名的title

if len(title_exist) !&＃61; 0:

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.400", "msg": "title already exist, fail to publish."})

"""

插入数据

"""

add_art &＃61; Article(title&＃61;title, content&＃61;content, status&＃61;&＃39;alive&＃39;)

add_art.save()

return HttpResponse(add_art)

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.200", "msg": "add article success."})

else:

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.400", "message": "please check param."})

else:

return HttpResponse("方法错误&＃xff0c;你应该使用POST请求方式")

2.3 修改文章接口 # 更新文章

def modify_article(request, article_id):

auth_res &＃61; user_auth(request)

if auth_res &＃61;&＃61; "auth_fail":

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.401", "msg": "user auth failed."})

else:

if request.method &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;POST&＃39;:

modify_req &＃61; json.loads(request.body)

try:

article &＃61; Article.objects.get(id&＃61;article_id)

print("article", article)

key_flag &＃61; modify_req.get(&＃39;title&＃39;) and modify_req.get(&＃39;content&＃39;) and len(modify_req) &＃61;&＃61; 2

if key_flag:

title &＃61; modify_req[&＃39;title&＃39;]

content &＃61; modify_req[&＃39;content&＃39;]

title_exist &＃61; Article.objects.filter(title&＃61;title)

if len(title_exist) > 1:

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.400", "msg": "title already exist."})

# 更新文章

old_article &＃61; Article.objects.get(id&＃61;article_id)

old_article.title &＃61; title

old_article.content &＃61; content

old_article.save()

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.200", "msg": "modify article sucess."})

except Article.DoesNotExist:

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.300", "msg": "article is not exists,fail to modify."})

else:

return HttpResponse("方法错误&＃xff0c;你应该使用POST请求方式")

2.4 删除文章接口 # 删除文章

def delete_article(request, article_id):

auth_res &＃61; user_auth(request)

if auth_res &＃61;&＃61; "auth_fail":

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.401", "msg": "user auth failed."})

else:

if request.method &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;DELETE&＃39;:

try:

article &＃61; Article.objects.get(id&＃61;article_id)

article_id &＃61; article.id

article.delete()

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.200", "msg": "delete article success."})

except Article.DoesNotExist:

return JsonResponse({"status": "BS.300", "msg": "article is not exists,fail to delete."})

else:

return HttpResponse("方法错误&＃xff0c;你应该使用DELETE请求方式")

2.5 token认证 # 用户认证

# 四个简单的接口已经可以运行了&＃xff0c;但是在发请求之前没有进行鉴权&＃xff0c;毫无安全性可言。下面来实现简单的认证机制。需要用到内建模块hashlib&＃xff0c;hashlib提供了常见的摘要算法&＃xff0c;如MD5&＃xff0c;SHA1等。

def user_auth(request):

token &＃61; request.META.get("HTTP_X_TOKEN", b&＃39;&＃39;)

print("token: ", token)

if token:

# 暂时写上 auth 接口返回的数据

if token &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e&＃39;:

return "auth_success"

else:

return "auth_fail"

else:

return "auth_fail"

2.6 接口测试

在接口开发是不断开发不断测试是一个非常好的习惯。

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : interface_crud_tests.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/4 14:22

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : None

"""

import requests

import unittest

class TestInterfaceCrud(unittest.TestCase):

&＃64;unittest.skip("跳过 test_query_article 测试")

def test_query_article(self):

payload &＃61; {}

res &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://127.0.0.1:8000/query_article/&＃39;, params&＃61;payload)

print("test_query_article: ", res.text)

&＃64;unittest.skip("跳过 test_add_article 测试")

def test_add_article(self):

payload &＃61; {

"title": "title5",

"content": "content5",

}

Headers &＃61; {

# "Authorization": &＃39;通用的token&＃xff0c;但是该接口使用的是X-Token&＃39;,

"Content-Type": "application/json; charset&＃61;utf-8",

"Accept": "application/json",

"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3730.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3805.400",

"X-Token": "0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e"

}

res &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://127.0.0.1:8000/add_article/&＃39;, headers&＃61;Headers, json&＃61;payload)

print(res.request)

print(res.text)

&＃64;unittest.skip("跳过 test_modify_article 测试")

def test_modify_article(self):

payload &＃61; {

"title": "title1",

"content": "content1",

}

Headers &＃61; {

# "Authorization": &＃39;通用的token&＃xff0c;但是该接口使用的是X-Token&＃39;,

"Content-Type": "application/json; charset&＃61;utf-8",

"Accept": "application/json",

"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3730.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3805.400",

"X-Token": "0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e"

}

res &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://127.0.0.1:8000/modify_article/1&＃39;, headers&＃61;Headers, json&＃61;payload)

print(res.request)

print(res.text)

# &＃64;unittest.skip("跳过 test_delete_article 测试")

def test_delete_article(self):

payload &＃61; {

"title": "title2",

"content": "content2",

}

Headers &＃61; {

# "Authorization": &＃39;通用的token&＃xff0c;但是该接口使用的是X-Token&＃39;,

"Content-Type": "application/json; charset&＃61;utf-8",

"Accept": "application/json",

"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3730.400 QQBrowser/10.5.3805.400",

"X-Token": "0a6db4e59c7fff2b2b94a297e2e5632e"

}

res &＃61; requests.delete(&＃39;http://127.0.0.1:8000/delete_article/2&＃39;, headers&＃61;Headers, json&＃61;payload)

print(res.request)

print(res.text)

&＃64;unittest.skip("跳过 test_test_api 测试")

def test_test_api(self):

payload &＃61; {

&＃39;title&＃39;: &＃39;title1&＃39;,

&＃39;content&＃39;: &＃39;content1&＃39;,

&＃39;status&＃39;: &＃39;alive&＃39;

}

res &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://127.0.0.1:8000/test_api/&＃39;)

print(res.text)

if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;__main__&＃39;:

unittest.main()

五、接口自动化

1. 数据处理

1.1 Excel中数据

获取 excel 的第几 sheet 页&＃xff0c;行数&＃xff0c;列数&＃xff0c;单元格值&＃xff0c;数据写入 excel操作。【

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : operate_excel.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/5 10:07

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : 对 Excel 的读写操作

"""

import xlrd

from xlutils.copy import copy

class OperateExcel(object):

def __init__(self, file_name&＃61;None, sheet_id&＃61;None):

"""

:param file_name: excel文件的具体路径名称

:param sheet_id: 要操作的第几 sheet 页

"""

if file_name:

self.file_name &＃61; file_name

else:

self.file_name &＃61; &＃39;../data/util_data/operate_excel.xls&＃39;

if sheet_id:

self.sheet_id &＃61; sheet_id

else:

self.sheet_id &＃61; 0

self.sheet_table &＃61; self.get_sheet()

# 获取 sheet 页操作对象

def get_sheet(self):

data &＃61; xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)

sheet_table &＃61; data.sheets()[self.sheet_id]

return sheet_table

# 获取该 sheet 页的行数和列数&＃xff0c;拿到的是一个元组

def get_sheet_nrows_ncols(self):

return self.sheet_table.nrows, self.sheet_table.ncols

# 获取该 sheet 页的行数

def get_sheet_nrows(self):

return self.sheet_table.nrows

# 获取该 sheet 页的列数

def get_sheet_ncols(self):

return self.sheet_table.ncols

# 获取具体单元格的数据

def get_sheet_cell(self, row, col):

"""

:param row: 单元格的行值

:param col: 单元格的列值

:return: cell_data

"""

cell_data &＃61; self.sheet_table.cell_value(row, col)

return cell_data

# 写入数据到 excel 中

def write_to_excel(self, row, col, value):

# 同样的先打开 excel 操作句柄

data &＃61; xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_name)

copy_data &＃61; copy(data)

# 选择写入的 sheet 页

copy_data_sheet &＃61; copy_data.get_sheet(0)

# 写入数据

copy_data_sheet.write(row, col, value)

# 保存数据

copy_data.save(self.file_name)

if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; "__main__":

oe &＃61; OperateExcel()

print("获取 excel 表的行数和列表&＃xff0c;返回元组形式&＃xff1a;", oe.get_sheet_nrows_ncols())

print("获取 excel 表的行数&＃xff1a;", oe.get_sheet_nrows())

print("获取 excel 表的列数&＃xff1a;", oe.get_sheet_ncols())

print("获取单元格(1, 1)的值&＃xff1a;", oe.get_sheet_cell(1, 1))

print("获取单元格(1, 2)的值&＃xff1a;", oe.get_sheet_cell(1, 2))

print("获取单元格(2, 2)的值&＃xff1a;", oe.get_sheet_cell(2, 2))

oe.write_to_excel(17, 7, &＃39;写入的数据&＃39;)

1.2 JSON中数据

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : operate_json.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/5 12:24

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : 操作 JSON 文件中的数据

"""

import json

class OperateJson(object):

def __init__(self, file_name&＃61;None):

if file_name:

self.file_name &＃61; file_name

else:

self.file_name &＃61; &＃39;../data/util_data/operate_json.json&＃39;

self.data &＃61; self.get_json()

# 读取 json 文件

def get_json(self):

with open(self.file_name, encoding&＃61;&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as fp:

data &＃61; json.load(fp)

return data

# 根据关键词读取数据

def get_key_data(self, key):

return self.data[key]

if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;__main__&＃39;:

oj &＃61; OperateJson()

print(&＃39;login: &＃39;, oj.get_key_data("login"))

print(&＃39;login.username: &＃39;, oj.get_key_data("login")["username"])

print(&＃39;login.password: &＃39;, oj.get_key_data("login")["username"])

print(&＃39;logout: &＃39;, oj.get_key_data("logout"))

print(&＃39;logout.code: &＃39;, oj.get_key_data("logout")["code"])

print(&＃39;logout.info: &＃39;, oj.get_key_data("logout")["info"]) {

"login": {

"username": "kevin",

"password": "121345"

},

"logout": {

"code": 200,

"info": "logout"

}

}

1.3 数据库中的数据

数据库用的常用的MySQL。【

远程连接数据库可能会连接出错的解决方法&＃xff1a;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO &＃39;root&＃39;&＃64;&＃39;%&＃39; IDENTIFIED BY &＃39;你的密码&＃39; WITH GRANT OPTION;

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : operate_mysql.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/5 16:10

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : 操作 数据库 中的数据

"""

import pymysql

import json

class OperateMysql(object):

def __init__(self):

# 数据库初始化连接

self.connect_interface_testing &＃61; pymysql.connect(

"XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX",

"XXX",

"XXXXXXXX",

"InterfaceTesting",

cursorclass&＃61;pymysql.cursors.DictCursor

)

# 创建游标操作数据库

self.cursor_interface_testing &＃61; self.connect_interface_testing.cursor()

def select_data(self, sql):

# 执行 sql 语句

self.cursor_interface_testing.execute(sql)

# 获取查询到的第一条数据

first_data &＃61; self.cursor_interface_testing.fetchone()

# 将返回结果转换成 str 数据格式

first_data &＃61; json.dumps(first_data)

return first_data

if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; "__main__":

om &＃61; OperateMysql()

res &＃61; om.select_data(

"""

SELECT * FROM test_table;

"""

)

print(res)

2. 邮件告警

通常我们做接口自动化测试的时候&＃xff0c;自动化用例执行结束后&＃xff0c;我们需要首先需要看自动化用例是不是执行结束了&＃xff0c;另外它的执行结果是什么。我们不可能一直紧盯着脚本执行&＃xff0c;所以当自动化执行结束后&＃xff0c;我们需要发送邮件来进行提醒并把自动化的执行情况邮件通知。

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

"""

&＃64;File : email_config.py

&＃64;Time : 2019/9/5 18:58

&＃64;Author : Crisimple

&＃64;Github : https://crisimple.github.io/

&＃64;Contact : Crisimple&＃64;foxmail.com

&＃64;License : (C)Copyright 2017-2019, Micro-Circle

&＃64;Desc : 发送邮件配置

"""

import smtplib

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

class EmailConfig(object):

global send_user

global mail_host

global password

send_user &＃61; &＃39;xxxxxxx&＃64;163.com&＃39;

mail_host &＃61; &＃39;smtp.163.com&＃39;

password &＃61; &＃39;xxxxxxxx&＃39;

def send_config(self, user_lists, subject, content):

user &＃61; "发件人昵称" &＃43; "<" &＃43; send_user &＃43; ">"

message &＃61; MIMEText(content, _subtype&＃61;"plain", _charset&＃61;"utf-8")

message[&＃39;Subject&＃39;] &＃61; subject

message[&＃39;From&＃39;] &＃61; user

message[&＃39;To&＃39;] &＃61; ";".join(user_lists)

server &＃61; smtplib.SMTP()

server.connect(mail_host)

server.login(send_user, password)

server.sendmail(user, user_lists, message.as_string())

server.close()

def send_mail(self, pass_cases, fail_cases, not_execute_cases):

pass_num &＃61; float(len(pass_cases))

fail_num &＃61; float(len(fail_cases))

not_execute_num &＃61; float(len(not_execute_cases))

execute_num &＃61; float(pass_num &＃43; fail_num)

total_cases &＃61; float(pass_num &＃43; fail_num &＃43; not_execute_num)

pass_ratio &＃61; "%.2f%%" % (pass_num / total_cases * 100)

fail_ratio &＃61; "%.2f%%" % (fail_num / total_