python中操作文件的模块的方法总结

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import os
import time
#str.split(string)分割字符串
#"连接符".join(list) 将列表组成字符串
def change_name(path):
global i
if not os.path.isdir(path) and not os.path.isfile(path):
return False
if os.path.isfile(path):
file_path = os.path.split(path) #分割出目录与文件
lists = file_path[1].split(".") #分割出文件与文件扩展名
file_ext = lists[-1] #取出后缀名(列表切片操作)
img_ext = ["bmp","jpeg","gif","psd","png","jpg"]
if file_ext in img_ext:
os.rename(path,file_path[0]+"/"+lists[0]+"_fc."+file_ext)
i+=1 #注意这里的i是一个陷阱
#或者
#img_ext = "bmp|jpeg|gif|psd|png|jpg"
#if file_ext in img_ext:
# print("ok---"+file_ext)
elif os.path.isdir(path):
for x in os.listdir(path):
change_name(os.path.join(path,x)) #os.path.join()在路径处理上很有用
img_dir = "D:\xx\xx\images"
img_dir = img_dir.replace("\","/")
start = time.time()
i = 0
change_name(img_dir)
c = time.time() - start
print("程序运行耗时:%0.2f"%(c))
print("总共处理了 %s 张图片"%(i))

#! python 3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Autor: GrayMac
import shutil
import os

basefileclass = "basefile"
#sourcefile:源文件路径 fileclass：源文件夹 destinationfile：目标文件夹路径
def copy_file(sourcefile,fileclass,destinationfile):
 #遍历目录和子目录
 for filenames in os.listdir(sourcefile):
  #取得文件或文件名的绝对路径
  filepath = os.path.join(sourcefile,filenames)
  #判断是否为文件夹
  if os.path.isdir(filepath):
   if fileclass == basefileclass :
    copy_file(filepath,fileclass + "/" + filenames,destinationfile + "/" + filenames)
   else :
    copy_file(filepath,fileclass,destinationfile + "/" + filenames)
  #判断是否为文件
  elif os.path.isfile(filepath):
   print("Copy %s"% filepath +" To " + destinationfile)
   #如果无文件夹则重新创建
   if not os.path.exists(destinationfile):
    os.makedirs(destinationfile)
   shutil.copy(filepath,destinationfile)
    
copy_file(sourcefile,basefileclass,destinationfile)