MMM（Master-Master Replication Manager for MySQL）主主复制管理器，是一套提供了MySQL主主复制配置的监控、故障迁移和管理的可伸缩的脚本程序。在MMM高可用解决方案中，可以配置双主多从架构，通过MySQL Replication技术可以实现两台MySQL服务器互为主从，并且在任何时候只有一个节点可以写入，避免多节点写入的数据冲突，同时，当可写节点故障时，MMM套件可以立即监控到，然后将服务自动切换到另一个主节点继续提供服务，从而实现MySQL的高可用。
简而言之，通过MMM可以实现监控和管理MySQL主主复制和服务状态，同时也可以监控多个Slave节点的复制和运行状态，并且可以做到任意节点发生故障时实现自动切换的功能。MMM也为MySQL提供了读、写分离架构的良好平台。
MMM套件的优缺点
MMM集群套件具有良好的稳定性、高可用性和可扩展性。当活动的Master节点出现故障时，备用Master节点可以立即接管，而其他的Slave节点也能自动切换到备用Master节点继续进行同步复制，而无需人为干涉；MMM架构需要多个节点、多个IP，对服务器数量有要求，在读写非常繁忙的业务系统下表现不是很稳定，可能会出现复制延时、切换失效等问题。MMM方案并不太适应于对数据安全性要求很高，并且读、写繁忙的环境中。
MMM高可用套件工作原理
MMM套件主要的功能是通过以下三个脚本实现的：
1、mmm_mond：监控进程，运行在管理节点上，主要复制对所有数据库的监控工作，同时决定和处理所有节点的角色切换。
2、mmm_agentd：代理进程，运行在每一台MySQL服务器上，主要完成监控的测试工作和执行简单的远端服务设置。
3、mmm_control：一个简单的管理脚本，用来查看和管理集群运行状态，同时管理mmm_mond进程。
MMM高可用MySQL配置方案
在通过MMM套件实现的双Master架构中，需要5个IP地址，两个Master节点各有一个固定的物理IP，另外两个只读IP（reader IP）和一个可以IP（writer IP），这三个虚拟IP不会固定在任何一个节点上，相反，它会在两个Master节点之间来回切换（如何切换取决于节点的高可用）。在正常情况下Master1有两个虚拟IP（reader IP和writer IP），Master2有一个虚拟IP（reader IP），如果Master1故障，那么所有的reader和writer虚拟IP都会分配到Master上。
环境说明：
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 集群角色 | MySQL版本 | 系统版本 |
| Master1 | 192.168.1.210 | 主Master可读、写 | mysql-5.6.28 | CentOS6.7 |
| Master2 | 192.168.1.211 | 备Master可读、写 | mysql-5.6.28 | CentOS6.7 |
| Slave1 | 192.168.1.250 | Slave节点只读 | mysql-5.6.28 | CentOS6.7 |
| Slave2 | 192.168.1.209 | Slave节点只读 | mysql-5.6.28 | CentOS6.7 |
| Monitor | 192.168.1.21 | MMM服务管理端 | mysql-5.6.28 | CentOS6.7 |
虚拟IP地址：
| writer IP | 192.168.1.230 | 写入VIP，仅支持单节点写入 |
| reader IP | 192.168.1.231 | 只读VIP，每个数据库节点一个读VIP，可以通过LVS、HAproxy等负载均衡软件对读VIP做负载均衡 |
| reader IP | 192.168.1.232 | |
| reader IP | 192.168.1.233 | |
| reader IP | 192.168.1.234 |
MMM的安装和配置
Step1：MMM套件的安装
1、在MMM管理端monitor安装MMM所有套件
[root@monitor~]#rpm-ivhepel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@monitor~]#yuminstallmysql-mmmmysql-mmm-agentmysql-mmm-toolsmysql-mmm-monitor
2、在各个MySQL节点上安装mysql-mmm-agent服务
[root@master1~]#yuminstallmysql-mmm-agent [root@master2~]#yuminstallmysql-mmm-agent [root@slave1~]#yuminstallmysql-mmm-agent [root@slave2~]#yuminstallmysql-mmm-agent
Step2：Master1和两个Slave上配置主从（这里需要提前做好配置，Master1和Master2主主配置也一样）
1、Master1上授权slave1、2的复制用户
[root@master1~]#mysql-uroot-ppasswd mysql>grantreplicationslaveon*.*to'repl'@'192.168.1.250'identifiedby'replpasswd'; mysql>grantreplicationslaveon*.*to'repl'@'192.168.1.209'identifiedby'replpasswd'; mysql>flushprivileges;
2、Slave1、2上设置指定Master1同步复制
[root@slave1~]#mysql-uroot-ppasswd mysql>changemasterto ->master_host='192.168.1.210', ->master_user='repl', ->master_password='replpasswd', ->master_port=3306, ->master_log_file='mysql-bin.000034', ->master_log_pos=120; QueryOK,0rowsaffected,2warnings(0.06sec)
[root@slave2~]#mysql-uroot-ppasswd mysql>changemasterto ->master_host='192.168.1.210', ->master_user='repl', ->master_password='replpasswd', ->master_port=3306, ->master_log_file='mysql-bin.000034', ->master_log_pos=120; QueryOK,0rowsaffected,2warnings(0.02sec)
Step3：在所有的MySQL节点的/etc/my.cnf中增加参数
read_Only=1
Step4：在所有的MySQL节点添加以下两个用户
mysql> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'monitorpasswd';mysql> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'agentpasswd';Step5：在MMM管理端monitor上配置mmm_common.conf
[root@monitor~]#ls/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf mmm_common.conf#在所有的节点配置，配置相同 mmm_mon.conf#仅在MMM管理端配置 mmm_mon_log.conf mmm_tools.conf
vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf 所有的MMM节点配置相同
active_master_rolewritercluster_interfaceeth0 pid_path/var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid bin_path/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ replication_userreplication replication_passwordreplication agent_usermmm_agent agent_passwordagentpasswd ip192.168.1.210 modemaster peerdb2 ip192.168.1.211 modemaster peerdb1 ip192.168.1.209 modeslave ip192.168.1.250 modeslave hostsdb1,db2 ips192.168.1.230 modeexclusive hostsdb1,db2,db3,db4 ips192.168.1.231,192.168.1.232,192.168.1.233,192.168.1.234 modebalanced
Step6：在MMM管理节点上配置mmm_mon.conf
[root@monitor ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
includemmm_common.confip127.0.0.1 pid_path/var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid bin_path/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm status_path/var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status ping_ips192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2,192.168.1.210,192.168.1.211,192.168.1.209,192.168.1. 250 flap_duration3600 flap_count3 auto_set_online8 #Thekill_host_bindoesnotexistbydefault,thoughthemonitorwill #throwawarningaboutitmissing.Seethesection5.10"KillHost #Functionality"inthePDFdocumentation. # #kill_host_bin/usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host # monitor_usermmm_monitor monitor_passwordmonitorpasswd debug0
Step7：在所有的MySQL节点配置mmm_agent.conf
[root@master1mysql]#vim/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf includemmm_common.conf thisdb1#在四台mysql节点上设置对应的db，分别为db1、db2、db3、db4
Step8：所有节点设置ENABLED=1
cat/etc/default/mysql-mmm-agent #mysql-mmm-agentdefaults ENABLED=1
Step9：启动MMM服务
在MMM管理端启动服务
[root@monitor ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-monitor startStarting MMM Monitor Daemon: [ OK ]
在每个mysql节点启动服务
[root@master1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent startStarting MMM Agent Daemon: [ OK ]
查看集群运行状态
[root@monitormysql-mmm]#mmm_controlshow db1(192.168.1.210)master/AWAITING_RECOVERY.Roles: db2(192.168.1.211)master/AWAITING_RECOVERY.Roles: db3(192.168.1.209)slave/AWAITING_RECOVERY.Roles: db4(192.168.1.250)slave/AWAITING_RECOVERY.Roles:
若一直出现上面AWAITING_RECOVERY的状态，可以手动设置各个MySQL节点为online状态
[root@monitor~]#mmm_controlset_onlinedb1 OK:Stateof'db1'changedtoONLINE.Nowyoucanwaitsometimeandcheckitsnewroles! [root@monitor~]#mmm_controlset_onlinedb2 OK:Stateof'db2'changedtoONLINE.Nowyoucanwaitsometimeandcheckitsnewroles! [root@monitor~]#mmm_controlset_onlinedb3 OK:Stateof'db3'changedtoONLINE.Nowyoucanwaitsometimeandcheckitsnewroles! [root@monitor~]#mmm_controlset_onlinedb4 OK:Stateof'db4'changedtoONLINE.Nowyoucanwaitsometimeandcheckitsnewroles! [root@monitor~]#mmm_controlshow db1(192.168.1.210)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.234),writer(192.168.1.230) db2(192.168.1.211)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.231) db3(192.168.1.209)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.232) db4(192.168.1.250)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.233)
检测各个节点的运行状态
[root@monitor~]#mmm_controlchecksall db4ping[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db4mysql[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db4rep_threads[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db4rep_backlog[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK:Backlogisnull db2ping[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db2mysql[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db2rep_threads[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db2rep_backlog[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK:Backlogisnull db3ping[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db3mysql[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db3rep_threads[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db3rep_backlog[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK:Backlogisnull db1ping[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db1mysql[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db1rep_threads[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK db1rep_backlog[lastchange:2016/02/2705:13:57]OK:Backlogisnull
Step10：查看各节点虚拟IP分配情况
Master1
[root@master1~]#ipa|grepeth0 2:eth0:mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 inet192.168.1.210/24brd192.168.1.255scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.1.234/32scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.1.230/32scopeglobaleth0
Mster2
[root@master2~]#ipa|grepeth0 2:eth0:mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 inet192.168.1.211/24brd192.168.1.255scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.1.231/32scopeglobaleth0
Slave1
[root@slave1~]#ipa|grepeth0 2:eth0:mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 inet192.168.1.250/24brd192.168.1.255scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.1.213/32scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.1.233/32scopeglobaleth0
Slave2
[root@slave2~]#ipa|grepeth0 2:eth0:mtu1500qdiscpfifo_faststateUPqlen1000 inet192.168.1.209/24brd192.168.1.255scopeglobaleth0 inet192.168.1.232/32scopeglobaleth0
Step11：测试MMM实现MySQL高可用
1、授权一个可以通过远程使用VIP登陆集群的用户
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'hm'@'192.168.1.%' identified by '741616710';2、使用VIP192.168.1.230登陆，并做相关测试，在各个节点查看是否同步数据库
[root@monitor ~]# mysql -uhm -p741616710 -h192.168.1.230
mysql>showvariableslike'hostname%'; +---------------+---------+ |Variable_name|Value| +---------------+---------+ |hostname|master1| +---------------+---------+ 1rowinset(0.01sec) mysql>createdatabasetest1; QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.00sec) mysql>usetest1 Databasechanged mysql>createtablett1(idint,namevarchar(20)); QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.13sec) mysql>insertintott1(id,name)values(1,'july'),(2,'dime'); QueryOK,2rowsaffected(0.04sec) Records:2Duplicates:0Warnings:0 mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+------+ |id|name| +------+------+ |1|july| |2|dime| +------+------+ 2rowsinset(0.00sec)
Step12：测试MMM故障转移功能
1、关闭Master1上的MySQL服务，查看状态
[root@monitor~]#mmm_controlshow db1(192.168.1.210)master/HARD_OFFLINE.Roles: db2(192.168.1.211)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.231),writer(192.168.1.230) db3(192.168.1.209)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.232),reader(192.168.1.234) db4(192.168.1.250)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.233)
[root@monitor~]#mmm_controlset_onlinedb1 OK:Stateof'db1'changedtoONLINE.Nowyoucanwaitsometimeandcheckitsnewroles! [root@monitor~]#mmm_controlshow db1(192.168.1.210)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.232) db2(192.168.1.211)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.231),writer(192.168.1.230) db3(192.168.1.209)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.234) db4(192.168.1.250)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.233)
2、Master1故障恢复后，若想让VIP继续回到Master1上，则可以按以下手动设置
[root@monitor~]#mmm_controlmove_rolewriterdb1 OK:Role'writer'hasbeenmovedfrom'db2'to'db1'.Nowyoucanwaitsometimeandchecknewrolesinfo!
[root@monitor~]#mmm_controlshow db1(192.168.1.210)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.232),writer(192.168.1.230) db2(192.168.1.211)master/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.231) db3(192.168.1.209)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.234) db4(192.168.1.250)slave/ONLINE.Roles:reader(192.168.1.233)
MMM高可用MySQL结合Amoeba实现读写分离
Step1：Amoeba的安装
需准备除MMM集群之外的第六台服务器作为Amoeba服务器
1、Amoeba是基于Java开发的，因此需要安装Java环境
[root@amoeba~]#java-version javaversion"1.8.0_65" Java(TM)SERuntimeEnvironment(build1.8.0_65-b17) JavaHotSpot(TM)64-BitServerVM(build25.65-b01,mixedmode)
2、下载amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip
3、解压到/usr/local/目录下
[root@amoebasrc]#unzipamoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip [root@amoebasrc]#mvamoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/usr/local/amoeba [root@amoeba~]#ls/usr/local/amoeba/ benchmarkbinconfjvm.propertieslib
Step2：配置Amoeba
[root@amoeba ~]# vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml
[root@amoeba ~]# vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml ${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml ${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml ${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml 1500 writedb writedb myslaves true
启动Amoebafu服务
[root@amoebalocal]#/usr/local/amoeba/bin/launcher& atcom.meidusa.toolkit.net.ServerableConnectionManager.willStart(ServerableConnectionManager.java:144) atcom.meidusa.toolkit.net.util.LoopingThread.run(LoopingThread.java:59) 2015-10-2921:00:44[INFO]ProjectName=Amoeba-MySQL,PID=25948,Systemshutdown.... 2015-10-2921:01:34[INFO]ProjectName=Amoeba-MySQL,PID=25996,starting... log4j:WARNlog4jconfigloadcompletedfromfile:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/log4j.xml 2015-10-2921:01:34,715INFOcontext.MysqlRuntimeContext-AmoebaforMysqlcurrentversoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETA log4j:WARNipaccessconfigloadcompletedfromfile:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/access_list.conf 2015-10-2921:01:35,065INFOnet.ServerableConnectionManager-Serverlisteningon0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066. JavaHotSpot(TM)64-BitServerVMwarning:ignoringoptiOnPermSize=16m;supportwasremovedin8.0 JavaHotSpot(TM)64-BitServerVMwarning:ignoringoptiOnMaxPermSize=96m;supportwasremovedin8.0 2015-10-2921:11:40[INFO]ProjectName=Amoeba-MySQL,PID=26119,starting... log4j:WARNlog4jconfigloadcompletedfromfile:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/log4j.xml 2015-10-2921:11:41,446INFOcontext.MysqlRuntimeContext-AmoebaforMysqlcurrentversoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETA log4j:WARNipaccessconfigloadcompletedfromfile:/usr/local/amoeba/conf/access_list.conf 2015-10-2921:11:41,843INFOnet.ServerableConnectionManager-Serverlisteningon0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
查看java进程
[root@amoeba~]#netstat-ntlp|grepjava tcp00:::8066:::*LISTEN26119/java
测试Amoeba负载均衡功能
[root@monitor~]#mysql-uroot-p741616710-h192.168.1.31-P8066 Warning:Usingapasswordonthecommandlineinterfacecanbeinsecure. WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g. YourMySQLconnectionidis102888364 Serverversion:5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETASourcedistribution Copyright(c)2000,2015,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved. OracleisaregisteredtrademarkofOracleCorporationand/orits affiliates.Othernamesmaybetrademarksoftheirrespective owners. Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement. mysql>usetest1 Databasechanged mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+---------+ |id|name| +------+---------+ |210|master1| |211|master2| +------+---------+ 2rowsinset(0.00sec) mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+---------+ |id|name| +------+---------+ |210|master1| |250|slave1| +------+---------+ 2rowsinset(0.00sec) mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+---------+ |id|name| +------+---------+ |210|master1| |209|slave2| +------+---------+ 2rowsinset(0.01sec) mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+---------+ |id|name| +------+---------+ |210|master1| |211|master2| +------+---------+ 2rowsinset(0.01sec) mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+---------+ |id|name| +------+---------+ |210|master1| |211|master2| +------+---------+ 2rowsinset(0.01sec) mysql>select*fromtt1; +------+---------+ |id|name| +------+---------+ |210|master1| |250|slave1| +------+---------+ 2rowsinset(0.01sec)
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