linux运维基础篇unit9

unit9.openssh-server

1.openssh-server

功能&＃xff1a;让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务&＃xff0c;开始一个安全shell

2.客户端连接方式

ssh远程主机用户&＃64;远程主机ip

[root&＃64;desktop0 ~]# ssh root&＃64;172.25.0.11

The authenticity of host &＃39;172.25.0.11 (172.25.0.11)&＃39; can&＃39;t be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes          ##连接陌生主机时需要建立认证关系

Warning: Permanently added &＃39;172.25.0.11&＃39; (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

root&＃64;172.25.0.11&＃39;s password:                                        ##远程用户密码

Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:13:47 2016

[root&＃64;server0 ~]                                                    ###登陆成功

ssh 远程主机用户&＃64;远程主机ip -X                              ##调用远程主机图形工具

ssh     远程主机用户&＃64;远程主机ipcommand                      ##直接在远程主机运行某条命令

####3.sshkey加密####

1.生成公钥私钥

[root&＃64;server0 ~]# ssh-keygen                                      ##生成公钥私钥工具

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):[enter] ##加密字符保存文件&＃xff08;建议用默认&＃xff09;

Created directory &＃39;/root/.ssh&＃39;.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [enter]             ##密钥密码&＃xff0c;必须>4个字符

Enter same passphrase again: [enter]                            ##确认密码

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

ab:3c:73:2e:c8:0b:75:c8:39:3a:46:a2:22:34:84:81 root&＃64;server0.example.com

The key&＃39;s randomart p_w_picpath is:

&＃43;--[ RSA 2048]----&＃43;

|o                |

|E.               |

|..               |

|.  . o           |

|.o. * . S        |

|oo.o o   .       |

|&＃43; &＃61;. .  .        |

|o. oo.&＃43;..        |

|    ..o*.        |

&＃43;-----------------&＃43;

[root&＃64;server0 ~]# ls /root/.ssh/

id_rsa  id_rsa.pub

id_rsa                                                       ##私钥&＃xff0c;就是钥匙

id_rsa.pub                                                   ##公钥&＃xff0c;就是锁

2.添加key认证方式

[root&＃64;server0 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  root&＃64;172.25.0.11

ssh-copy-id                                                  ##添加key认证方式的工具

-i                                                           ##指定加密key文件

/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub                                        ##加密key

root                                                         ##加密用户为root

172.25.0.11                                                  ##被加密主机ip

3.分发钥匙给client主机

[root&＃64;server0 ~]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa root&＃64;172.25.0.10:/root/.ssh/

4.测试

[root&＃64;desktop0 ~]# ssh root&＃64;172.25.0.11##通过id_rsa直接连接不需要输入用户密码

Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:58:10 2016 from 172.25.0.250

[root&＃64;server0 ~]#

####4.提升openssh的安全级别####

1.openssh-server配置文件

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no##是否开启用户密码认证&＃xff0c;yes为支持no为关闭

48 PermitRootLogin yes|no##是否允许超级用户登陆

49 AllowUsers student westos##用户白名单&＃xff0c;只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell

50 DenyUsers westos##用户黑名单