系统&＃xff1a;CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
首先,设置系统语言格式,用系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库
#LANG&＃61;C
yuminstall gcc gcc-c&＃43;&＃43; libtool libtool-libs kernel kernel-devel libjpeglibjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel libtiff libtiff-devel gettext gettext-devellibxml2 libxml2-devel zlib-devel net-snmp file glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*openldap-devel bzip2-devel ncurses* curl e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal unzip freetypefreetype-devel png jpeg zlib gd php-gd* libiconv libevent mhash mcryptyum-fastestmirror ntp patch flex bison tar pcre pcre-devel pcre-static automakeautoconf glibc glibc-devel openldap nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-serverslibart_lgpl-devel pixman pixman-devel pango-devel* cairo-devel* perl-*curl-devel make apr* keyutils keyutils-libs-devel kernel-headers compat* mpfrcpp libgomp libstdc&＃43;&＃43;-devel ppl cloog-ppl libcom_err-devel libsepol-devellibselinux-devel libXpm* php-common
一、安装前系统设置
1、修改当前的最大打开文件数
echo -e "ulimit -SHn 51200" >> /etc/rc.local
echo -e "ulimit -SHn 51200" >> /etc/profile
echo -e "* soft nofile 51200" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo -e "* hard nofile 51200" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
source /etc/profile
2、防火墙设置
centos7.0默认防火墙为firewalld(为了测试&＃xff0c;关闭默认防火墙&＃xff0c;使用iptables防火墙)
systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动
查看默认防火墙状态&＃xff1a;
firewall-cmd --state
not running
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
/bin/systemctl enableiptables.service
/bin/systemctl restartiptables.service
3、修改selinux
sed -i &＃39;s/SELINUX&＃61;enforcing/#SELINUX&＃61;enforcing/&＃39;/etc/selinux/config
sed -i &＃39;s/SELINUXTYPE&＃61;targeted/#SELINUXTYPE&＃61;targeted/&＃39;/etc/selinux/config
echo -e "SELINUX&＃61;disabled" >>/etc/selinux/config
4、卸载java包
rpm -qa | grep java
(查询出来的java包都卸载)
5.重启reboot
二、安装lvs
122.144.166.21&＃xff1a;LVS_MASTER
122.144.166.22&＃xff1a;LVS_BACKUP
122.144.177.21&＃xff1a;LVS_MASTER_VIP
real_server&＃xff1a;122.144.166.100
real_server&＃xff1a;122.144.166.101
安装所需依赖包
yum install popt-static kernel-devel make gcc openssl-devel lftplibnl* popt* openssl-devel lftplibnl* popt* libnl* libpopt* gcc*
1、lvs安装部署&＃xff1a;在两台LVS Server上安装lvs、keepalived软件(LVS_MASTER & LVS_BACKUP)
查看内核模块是否支持
lsmod | grep ip_vs #发现没有
2、安装ipvsadm
wget http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
tar zxf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
cd ipvsadm-1.26
rpm -qa | grep kernel-devel(默认已经安装)
make && make install
加载ip_vs模块
#执行ipvsadm命令加载
ipvsadm
#查看结果 (能够显示表示成功)
3、keepalived安装部署&＃xff1a;
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.16.tar.gz
tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.16.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.16/
./configure
make && make install
######### 将keepalived做成启动服务&＃xff0c;方便管理##########
cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
service keepalived restart
4、开启路由转发
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward &＃61; 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore &＃61; 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce &＃61; 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore &＃61; 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce &＃61; 0
刷新系统变量,使系统文件变更马上生效
sysctl –p
echo 1> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
5、在LVS_MASTER上配置虚拟vip地址
ifconfig lo:0 122.144.177.21 netmask 255.255.255.192 broadcast 122.144.177.255(我这里使用122.144.177.21为漂移地址&＃xff0c;建议增加lo:0配置文件&＃xff0c;为防止重启失效)
6、配置Keepalived
################个例详细介绍#########################
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_idLVS_DEVEL_MASTER #表示运行keepalived服务器的一个标识。发邮件时显示在邮件主题的信息
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #指定keepalived的角色&＃xff0c;MASTER表示此主机是主服务器&＃xff0c;BACKUP表示此主机是备用服务器
interface em1 #指定HA监测网络的接口
virtual_router_id 51 #虚拟路由标识&＃xff0c;这个标识是一个数字&＃xff0c;同一个vrrp实例使用唯一的标识。即同一vrrp_instance下&＃xff0c;MASTER和BACKUP必须是一致的
priority 100 #定义优先级&＃xff0c;数字越大&＃xff0c;优先级越高&＃xff0c;在同一个vrrp_instance下&＃xff0c;MASTER的优先级必须大于BACKUP的优先级
advert_int 1 #设定MASTER与BACKUP负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔&＃xff0c;单位是秒
authentication {#设置验证类型和密码
auth_type PASS #设置验证类型&＃xff0c;主要有PASS和AH两种
auth_pass 1111 #设置验证密码&＃xff0c;在同一个vrrp_instance下&＃xff0c;MASTER与BACKUP必须使用相同的密码才能正常通信
}
virtual_ipaddress {#设置虚拟IP地址&＃xff0c;可以设置多个虚拟IP地址&＃xff0c;每行一个
122.144.177.21
}
}
virtual_server 122.144.177.21 80 {#设置虚拟服务器&＃xff0c;需要指定虚拟IP地址和服务端口&＃xff0c;IP与端口之间用空格隔开
delay_loop 6 #设置运行情况检查时间&＃xff0c;单位是秒
lb_algo rr #设置负载调度算法&＃xff0c;这里设置为rr&＃xff0c;即轮询算法 lb_kind DR #设置LVS实现负载均衡的机制&＃xff0c;有NAT、TUN、DR三个模式可选
nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50#会话保持时间&＃xff0c;单位是秒。这个选项对动态网页是非常有用的&＃xff0c;为集群系统中的session共享提供了一个很好的解决方案。#有了这个会话保持功能&＃xff0c;用户的请求会被一直分发到某个服务节点&＃xff0c;直到超过这个会话的保持时间。#需要注意的是&＃xff0c;这个会话保持时间是最大无响应超时时间&＃xff0c;也就是说&＃xff0c;用户在操作动态页面时&＃xff0c;如果50秒内没有执行任何操作&＃xff0c; #那么接下来的操作会被分发到另外的节点&＃xff0c;但是如果用户一直在操作动态页面&＃xff0c;则不受50秒的时间限制
protocol TCP #指定转发协议类型&＃xff0c;有TCP和UDP两种
real_server122.144.166.100 80 {#配置服务节点1&＃xff0c;需要指定realserver的真实IP地址和端口&＃xff0c;IP与端口之间用空格隔开
weight 1 #配置服务节点的权值&＃xff0c;权值大小用数字表示&＃xff0c;数字越大&＃xff0c;权值越高&＃xff0c;设置权值大小可以为不同性能的服务器,#分配不同的负载&＃xff0c;可以为性能高的服务器设置较高的权值&＃xff0c;而为性能较低的服务器设置相对较低的权值&＃xff0c;这样才能合理地利用和分配系统资源
connect_timeout 3 #表示3秒无响应超时
nb_get_retry 3#表示重试次数
delay_before_retry 3 #表示重试间隔
}
real_server 122.144.166.101 80 {
weight 1
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
######################LVS_MASTER####################
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL_MASTER
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface em1
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
122.144.177.21
}
}
virtual_server 122.144.177.21 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 122.144.166.100 80 {
weight 1
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
real_server 122.144.166.101 80 {
weight 1
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
###################### LVS_BACKUP ####################
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL_BACKUP
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface em1
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
122.144.177.21
}
}
virtual_server 122.144.177.21 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 122.144.166.100 80 {
weight 1
connect_timeout3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
real_server 122.144.166.101 80 {
weight 1
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
################################################
配置keepalived自启动
chkconfig --level 0123456 keepalived on
查看自启动状态
chkconfig --list keepalived
主备开启keepalived服务service keepalived restart
################################################
7.测试####高可用性测试####
模拟故障&＃xff0c;将CentOS-LVS_MASTER上的keepalived服务停掉&＃xff0c;然后观察CentOS-LVS_BACKUP上的日志&＃xff0c;信息如下
从日志中可知&＃xff0c;主机出现故障后&＃xff0c;备机立刻检测到&＃xff0c;此时备机变为MASTER角色&＃xff0c;并且接管了主机的虚拟IP资源&＃xff0c;最后将虚拟IP绑定在em1设备上
将CentOS-LVS_MASTER 上的keepalived服务开启后&＃xff0c;CentOS-LVS_BACKUP的日志状态
从日志可知&＃xff0c;备机在检测到主机重新恢复正常后&＃xff0c;释放了虚拟IP资源重新成为BACKUP角色.
############################################
Web服务器设置(122.144.166.100、122.144.166.101)
###########################################
在WEB1和WEB2机器上编辑如下文件
vi /home/shell/lvs_real.sh
#!/bin/bash
# description: Config realserver
#Written by :http://kerry.blog.51cto.com
SNS_VIP&＃61;122.144.177.21
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case "$1" in
start)
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask255.255.255.0 broadcast $SNS_VIP
/sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "RealServer Start OK"
;;
stop)
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
/sbin/route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null2>&1
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "RealServer Stoped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
##############################################
赋给执行权限
chmod 777 /home/shell/lvs_real.sh
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 别人的配置文档中没这个步骤&＃xff0c;我不知道为什么总是说执行到这句时没有权限&＃xff0c;所以我添加了执行权限
chmod 755 /home/shell/lvs_real.sh
/home/shell/lvs_real.sh start
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