如果你还在自己手动写model对象,那你就out了。
场景:使用retrofit请求github的api,要使返回的数据自动解析到java对象中你必须准备好一个和json完全对应的java对象。而github的一个Repository有很多字段,如这个请求:
你可以直接打开这个链接查看返回的json数据。可以看到里面有很多数据项,如果我们手动写这个java对象将非常耗费时间。
所幸现在有了转换的工具。
jsonschema2pojo
jsonschema2pojo 是一个根据json转换成java对象的开源项目,只要把你的json字符串复制到相应的输入框中就能自动将其转换成java对象。它的强大之处在于,能解析列表式的json数据,把嵌套在内层的对象也解析出来。
先以上面的api请求为例,得到的json如下,这是一个单一的Repository数据:{
"id": 1296269,
"name": "Hello-World",
"full_name": "octocat/Hello-World",
"owner": {
"login": "octocat",
"id": 583231,
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/583231?v=3",
"gravatar_id": "",
"url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat",
"html_url": "https://github.com/octocat",
"followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/followers",
"following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/following{/other_user}",
"gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/gists{/gist_id}",
"starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
"subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/subscriptions",
"organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/orgs",
"repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/repos",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/events{/privacy}",
"received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/octocat/received_events",
"type": "User",
"site_admin": false
},
"private": false,
"html_url": "https://github.com/octocat/Hello-World",
"description": "This your first repo!",
"fork": false,
"url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World",
"forks_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/forks",
"keys_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/keys{/key_id}",
"collaborators_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/collaborators{/collaborator}",
"teams_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/teams",
"hooks_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/hooks",
"issue_events_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/issues/events{/number}",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/events",
"assignees_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/assignees{/user}",
"branches_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/branches{/branch}",
"tags_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/tags",
"blobs_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/git/blobs{/sha}",
"git_tags_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/git/tags{/sha}",
"git_refs_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/git/refs{/sha}",
"trees_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/git/trees{/sha}",
"statuses_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/statuses/{sha}",
"languages_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/languages",
"stargazers_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/stargazers",
"contributors_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/contributors",
"subscribers_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/subscribers",
"subscription_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/subscription",
"commits_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/commits{/sha}",
"git_commits_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/git/commits{/sha}",
"comments_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/comments{/number}",
"issue_comment_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/issues/comments{/number}",
"contents_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/contents/{+path}",
"compare_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/compare/{base}...{head}",
"merges_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/merges",
"archive_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/{archive_format}{/ref}",
"downloads_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/downloads",
"issues_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/issues{/number}",
"pulls_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/pulls{/number}",
"milestones_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/milestones{/number}",
"notifications_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/notifications{?since,all,participating}",
"labels_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/labels{/name}",
"releases_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/octocat/Hello-World/releases{/id}",
"created_at": "2011-01-26T19:01:12Z",
"updated_at": "2015-10-08T07:23:02Z",
"pushed_at": "2015-10-02T01:04:21Z",
"git_url": "git://github.com/octocat/Hello-World.git",
"ssh_url": "[email protected]:octocat/Hello-World.git",
"clone_url": "https://github.com/octocat/Hello-World.git",
"svn_url": "https://github.com/octocat/Hello-World",
"homepage": "",
"size": 566,
"stargazers_count": 1402,
"watchers_count": 1402,
"language": null,
"has_issues": true,
"has_downloads": true,
"has_wiki": true,
"has_pages": false,
"forks_count": 1110,
"mirror_url": null,
"open_issues_count": 139,
"forks": 1110,
"open_issues": 139,
"watchers": 1402,
"default_branch": "master",
"network_count": 1110,
"subscribers_count": 1747
}
其中有一个数据项比较特殊,那就是owner(在第5行),它的值也是一个对象。我们把这个json放在http://www.jsonschema2pojo.org/ 网站左边的输入框中,右边的设置请按照图里的来。
其中右边设置的Class name一项默认是Example,表示生成的对象名(最外层)就是Example,因为它无法从json中得知这到底是什么对象。我们这里期望得到的对象名是Repository,可以改成Repository就可以了,或者这里不改,在生成之后的java对象里改。
注意里面还有个owner,它本身也是对象,jsonschema2pojo能把这个对象也解析出来,而这个对象的类名耶就是Owner。
我们点击Preview按钮,在弹出的对话框中生成了两个类:
第一个就是Owner,第二个截图没有显示出来,是Repository类(我把Class name改成了Repository)。
而这里的@Generated("org.jsonschema2pojo")可以直接删掉。
可以想象如此之多的变量如果自己写要花费多长时间。
不过需要注意的是jsonschema2pojo对json字符串的总长度有要求。这样如果你像比如github请求的是一个列表数据比如,那么你得到的json很可能超过长度限制。
比如我们使用github的搜索api发出一个这样的请求:https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=tetris+language:assembly&sort=stars&order=desc
返回的json数据首先打印的是列表长度total_count,这里是297。这是搜索结果的总长度,但是其实这次请求返回的只有30 条,因为这是第一页的数据。但是30条已经很长了,超过了长度限制。
要把这样的json转换成对象必须得找个搜索结果比较短的,我们换成https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=codebox+language:java&sort=stars&order=desc
这个返回的结果只有9项,虽然也很长但是还是没有超过限制。
直接把生成的结果复制到jsonschema2pojo的左侧输入框,把类名改成Repositories,表示这是一个数据集合。
生成的类结构从前面部分就能看出来了,分别是Repositories,Item以及Owner,其中Item对应的就是刚刚我们的Repository类,这里它只能根据json猜测这个类名是Item。
我们可以生成之后把Item改成Repository就行了。
我之所以再举一个搜索结果为列表的例子是为了验证一个列表式的json是否可以直接转换成java类。
注意
以上只是生成普通的对象,但是如果想让生成的类和retrofit一起使用并直接返回解析好了的Repositories对象,里面的类名保留为默认的才行。而且retrofit默认使用的是GsonConverter,因此在解析之前,最好把Annotation style设置成Gson。
使用这种方式生成的java类会用注解的方式把json中的字段和类中的字段对应:@SerializedName("full_name")
@Expose
private String fullName;
这表示在json中字段名为full_name而在类中变量名为fullName。
这两个注解是gson的因此import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
总结
可以看到jsonschema2pojo的实用性非常高。