MediaPlus是基于FFmpeg从零开发的android多媒体组件,主要包括:采集,编码,同步,推流,滤镜及直播及短视频比较通用的功能等,后续功能的新增都会有相应文档更新,感谢关注。
- android相机的视频采集格式比较多 ,如:NV21,NV12,YV12等。他们之间的区别就是U,V排列顺序不一致,具体YUV相关内容可以看看其他详细的文档,如:[总结]FFMPEG视音频编解码零基础学习方法。
需要了解的就是:YUV采样,数据分布及空间大小计算。
YUV采样:
YUV420P YUV排序如下图:
NV12,NV21,YV12,I420都属于YUV420,但是YUV420 又分为YUV420P,YUV420SP,P与SP区别就是,前者YUV420P UV顺序存储,而YUV420SP则是UV交错存储,这是最大的区别,具体的yuv排序就是这样的:
I420: YYYYYYYY UU VV ->YUV420P
YV12: YYYYYYYY VV UU ->YUV420P
NV12: YYYYYYYY UVUV ->YUV420SP
NV21: YYYYYYYY VUVU ->YUV420SP
那么H264编码,为什么需要把android 相机采集的NV21数据转换成YUV420P?
刚开始对这些颜色格式也很模糊,后来找到了真理:因为H264编码必须要用 I420, 所以这里必须要处理色彩格式转换。
MediaPlus采集视频数据为NV21格式,以下描述如何获取android camera采集的每一帧数据,并处理色彩格式转换,代码如下:
获取相机采集数据:
mCamera = Camera.open(Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK);mParams = mCamera.getParameters();setCameraDisplayOrientation(this, Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK, mCamera);mParams.setPreviewSize(SRC_FRAME_WIDTH, SRC_FRAME_HEIGHT);mParams.setPreviewFormat(ImageFormat.NV21); //preview format:NV21
mParams.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);m_camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);mCamera.setParameters(mParams); // setting camera parametersm_camera.addCallbackBuffer(m_nv21);m_camera.setPreviewCallbackWithBuffer(this);m_camera.startPreview();@Overridepublic void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//data这里就是获取到的NV21数据m_camera.addCallbackBuffer(m_nv21);//这里要添加一次缓冲,否则onPreviewFrame可能不会再被回调}
因为NV21数据的所需空间大小(字节)=宽 x 高 x 3 / 2 (y=WxH,u=WxH/4,v=WxH/4);所以我们需要建立一个byte数组,作为采集视频数据的缓冲区.
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.streamer.RtmpPushStreamer 类主要采集音视频数据,并交由底层处理;有两个线程分别用于处理音视频,AudioThread 、VideoThread.
- 首先看下VideoThread
/*** 视频采集线程*/class VideoThread extends Thread {public volatile boolean m_bExit = false;byte[] m_nv21Data = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];byte[] m_I420Data = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];byte[] m_RotateData = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];byte[] m_MirrorData = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth* mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2];@Overridepublic void run() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.run();VideoCaptureInterface.GetFrameDataReturn ret;while (!m_bExit) {try {Thread.sleep(1, 10);if (m_bExit) {break;}} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}ret = mVideoCapture.GetFrameData(m_nv21Data,m_nv21Data.length);if (ret == VideoCaptureInterface.GetFrameDataReturn.RET_SUCCESS) {frameCount++;LibJniVideoProcess.NV21TOI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_nv21Data, m_I420Data);if (curCameraType == VideoCaptureInterface.CameraDeviceType.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {LibJniVideoProcess.MirrorI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_I420Data, m_MirrorData);LibJniVideoProcess.RotateI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_MirrorData, m_RotateData, 90);} else if (curCameraType == VideoCaptureInterface.CameraDeviceType.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {LibJniVideoProcess.RotateI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_I420Data, m_RotateData, 90);}encodeVideo(m_RotateData, m_RotateData.length);}}}public void stopThread() {m_bExit = true;}}
为什么要旋转?
实际上android camera采集的时候,不管手机是纵向还是横向,视频都是横向进行采集,这样当手机纵向的时候,就会有角度差异;前置需要旋转270°,后置旋转90°,这样就能保证采集到的图像和手机方向是一致的。
处理镜像的原因是因为前置相机采集的图像默认就是镜像的,再做一次镜像,将图像还原回去。
MediaPlus中,使用libyuv来处理转换、旋转、镜像等。
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.jni.LibJniVideoProcess 提供应用层接口
package app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.jni;import app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.config.MediaNativeInit;/*** 色彩空间处理* Created by android on 11/16/17.*/public class LibJniVideoProcess {static {MediaNativeInit.InitMedia();}/*** NV21转换I420** @param in_width 输入宽度* @param in_height 输入高度* @param srcData 源数据* @param dstData 目标数据* @return*/public static native int NV21TOI420(int in_width, int in_height,byte[] srcData,byte[] dstData);/*** 镜像I420* @param in_width 输入宽度* @param in_height 输入高度* @param srcData 源数据* @param dstData 目标数据* @return*/public static native int MirrorI420(int in_width, int in_height,byte[] srcData,byte[] dstData);/*** 指定角度旋转I420* @param in_width 输入宽度* @param in_height 输入高度* @param srcData 源数据* @param dstData 目标数据*/public static native int RotateI420(int in_width, int in_height,byte[] srcData,byte[] dstData, int rotationValue);}
libmedia/src/cpp/jni/jni_Video_Process.cpp 图像处理JNI层,libyuv比较强大,包括了所有YUV的转换等其他处理,简单描述下函数参数,如:
LIBYUV_API
int NV21ToI420(const uint8* src_y, int src_stride_y,const uint8* src_vu, int src_stride_vu,uint8* dst_y, int dst_stride_y,uint8* dst_u, int dst_stride_u,uint8* dst_v, int dst_stride_v,int width, int height);
- src_y :y分量存储空间
- src_stride_y :y分量宽度数据长度
- src_vu:uv分量存储空间
- src_stride_uv:uv分量宽度数据长度
- dst_y :目标y分量存储空间
- dst_u :目标u分量存储空间
- dst_v :目标v分量存储空间
- dst_stride_y:目标y分量宽度数据长度
- dst_stride_u:目标v分量宽度数据长度
- dst_stride_v:目标u分量宽度数据长度
- width: 视频宽
- height:视频高
- 假设,一个8(宽)x6(高)的图像,函数参数如下:
int width=8;
int height=6;
//源数据存储空间
uint8_t *srcNV21Data;
//目标存储空间
uint8_t *dstI420Data;src_y=srcNV21Data;
src_uv=srcNV21Data + (widthxheight);
src_stride_y=width;
src_stride_uv=width/2;dst_y=dstI420Data;
dst_u=dstI420Data+(widthxheight);
dst_v=dstI420Data+(widthxheightx5/4);
dst_stride_y=width;
dst_stride_u=width/2;
dst_stride_v=width/2;
以下是调用libyuv完成图像转换、旋转、镜像的代码:
//
// Created by developer on 11/16/17.
//#include "jni_Video_Process.h"#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endifJNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_NV21TOI420(JNIEnv *env,class type,jin in_width,jin in_height,jbyteArray srcData_,jbyteArray dstData_) {jbyte *srcData = env->GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL);jbyte *dstData = env->GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL);VideoProcess::NV21TOI420(in_width, in_height, (const uint8_t *) srcData,(uint8_t *) dstData);return 0;
}JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_MirrorI420(JNIEnv *env,class type,jin in_width,jin in_height,jbyteArray srcData_,jbyteArray dstData_) {jbyte *srcData = env->GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL);jbyte *dstData = env->GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL);VideoProcess::MirrorI420(in_width, in_height, (const uint8_t *) srcData,(uint8_t *) dstData);return 0;
}JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_RotateI420(JNIEnv *env,class type,jin in_width,jin in_hegith,jbyteArray srcData_,jbyteArray dstData_,jint rotationValue) {jbyte *srcData = env->GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL);jbyte *dstData = env->GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL);return VideoProcess::RotateI420(in_width, in_hegith, (const uint8_t *) srcData,(uint8_t *) dstData, rotationValue);
}#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
以上代码完成NV21转换为I420等处理,接下来将数据传入底层,就可以使用FFmpeg进行H264编码了,下图是底层C++封装类图:
类图说明了,MediaEncoder依赖于MediaCapture,MediaPushStreamer依赖MediaEncoder的相互关系。VideoCapture接收视频数据缓存至videoCaptureframeQueue,AudioCapture接收音频数据缓存至audioCaptureframeQueue,这样RtmpPushStreamer就可以调用MediaEncoder完成音视频编码,并推流。
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.streamer.RtmpPushStreamer,InitNative()中调用了 initCapture()用于初始化接收音视频数据的两个类及initEncoder()初始化音视频编码器,当调用startPushStream开始直播推流时,经JNI方法LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl)开始底层编码推流。
/*** 初始化底层采集与编码器*/private boolean InitNative() {if (!initCapture()) {return false;}if (!initEncoder()) {return false;}Log.d("initNative", "native init success!");nativeInt &#61; true;return nativeInt;}/*** 开启推流* &#64;param pushUrl* &#64;return*/private boolean startPushStream(String pushUrl) {if (nativeInt) {int ret &#61; 0;ret &#61; LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl);if (ret <0) {Log.d("initNative", "native push failed!");return false;}return true;}return false;}
以下是开启推流时的JNI层调用&#xff1a;
*** 开始推流*/
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LiveJniMediaManager_StartPush(JNIEnv *env,jclass type,jstring url_) {mMutex.lock();if (videoCaptureInit && audioCaptureInit) {startStream &#61; true;isClose &#61; false;videoCapture->StartCapture();audioCapture->StartCapture();const char *url &#61; env->GetStringUTFChars(url_, 0);rtmpStreamer &#61; RtmpStreamer::Get();//初始化推流器if (rtmpStreamer->InitStreamer(url) !&#61; 0) {LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni initStreamer success!");mMutex.unlock();return -1;}rtmpStreamer->SetVideoEncoder(videoEncoder);rtmpStreamer->SetAudioEncoder(audioEncoder);if (rtmpStreamer->StartPushStream() !&#61; 0) {LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni push stream failed!");videoCapture->CloseCapture();audioCapture->CloseCapture();rtmpStreamer->ClosePushStream();mMutex.unlock();return -1;}LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni push stream success!");env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(url_, url);}mMutex.unlock();return 0;
}
AudioCapture\VideoCapture用于接收应用层传入的音视频数据及采集参数&#xff0c;libyuv转换的I420&#xff0c;LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl)调用后&#xff0c; videoCapture->StartCapture() VideoCapture就可以接收到上层传入音视频数据&#xff0c;
LiveJniMediaManager.EncodeH264(videoBuffer, length);JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LiveJniMediaManager_EncodeH264(JNIEnv *env,jclass type,jbyteArray videoBuffer_,jint length) {if (videoCaptureInit && !isClose) {jbyte *videoSrc &#61; env->GetByteArrayElements(videoBuffer_, 0);uint8_t *videoDstData &#61; (uint8_t *) malloc(length);memcpy(videoDstData, videoSrc, length);OriginData *videoOriginData &#61; new OriginData();videoOriginData->size &#61; length;videoOriginData->data &#61; videoDstData;videoCapture->PushVideoData(videoOriginData);env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(videoBuffer_, videoSrc, 0);}return 0;
}
VideoCapture接收到数据后缓存至同步队列&#xff1a;
/*** 往队列中添加视频数据*/
int VideoCapture::PushVideoData(OriginData *originData) {if (ExitCapture) {return 0;}originData->pts &#61; av_gettime();LOG_D(DEBUG,"video capture pts :%lld",originData->pts);videoCaputureframeQueue.push(originData);return originData->size;
}
libmedia/src/main/cpp/core/VideoEncoder.cpp
libmedia/src/main/cpp/core/RtmpStreamer.cpp
这两个类是核心&#xff0c;前者负责编码视频&#xff0c;后者用于Rtmp推流,从前面的JNI调用开始推流 rtmpStreamer->SetVideoEncoder(videoEncoder)&#xff0c;可以看出来RtmpStreamer依赖VideoEncoder类&#xff0c;接下来说明下相互间如何完成编码及推流&#xff1a;
/**
* 视频编码任务
*/
void *RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask(void *pObj) {RtmpStreamer *rtmpStreamer &#61; (RtmpStreamer *) pObj;rtmpStreamer->isPushStream &#61; true;if (NULL &#61;&#61; rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder) {return 0;}VideoCapture *pVideoCapture &#61; rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->GetVideoCapture();AudioCapture *pAudioCapture &#61; rtmpStreamer->audioEncoder->GetAudioCapture();if (NULL &#61;&#61; pVideoCapture) {return 0;}int64_t beginTime &#61; av_gettime();int64_t lastAudioPts &#61; 0;while (true) {if (!rtmpStreamer->isPushStream ||pVideoCapture->GetCaptureState()) {break;}OriginData *pVideoData &#61; pVideoCapture->GetVideoData();
// OriginData *pAudioData &#61; pAudioCapture->GetAudioData();//h264 encodeif (pVideoData !&#61; NULL && pVideoData->data) {
// if(pAudioData&&pAudioData->pts>pVideoData->pts){
// int64_t overValue&#61;pAudioData->pts-pVideoData->pts;
// pVideoData->pts&#43;&#61;overValue&#43;1000;
// LOG_D(DEBUG, "synchronized video audio pts videoPts:%lld audioPts:%lld", pVideoData->pts,pAudioData->pts);
// }pVideoData->pts &#61; pVideoData->pts - beginTime;LOG_D(DEBUG, "before video encode pts:%lld", pVideoData->pts);rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->EncodeH264(&pVideoData);LOG_D(DEBUG, "after video encode pts:%lld", pVideoData->avPacket->pts);}if (pVideoData !&#61; NULL && pVideoData->avPacket->size > 0) {rtmpStreamer->SendFrame(pVideoData, rtmpStreamer->videoStreamIndex);}}return 0;
}int RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream() {videoStreamIndex &#61; AddStream(videoEncoder->videoCodecContext);audioStreamIndex &#61; AddStream(audioEncoder->audioCodecContext);pthread_create(&t3, NULL, RtmpStreamer::WriteHead, this);pthread_join(t3, NULL);VideoCapture *pVideoCapture &#61; videoEncoder->GetVideoCapture();AudioCapture *pAudioCapture &#61; audioEncoder->GetAudioCapture();pVideoCapture->videoCaputureframeQueue.clear();pAudioCapture->audioCaputureframeQueue.clear();if(writeHeadFinish) {pthread_create(&t1, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushAudioStreamTask, this);pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask, this);}else{return -1;}
// pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushStreamTask, this);
// pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushStreamTask, this);return 0;
}
rtmpStreamer->StartPushStream()调用了&#xff0c;RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream();
在RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream()中&#xff0c;开起新的线程:
pthread_create(&t1, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushAudioStreamTask, this);pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask, this);
在PushVideoStreamTask主要有以下调用:
- 从VideoCapture队列中获取缓存的数据pVideoCapture->GetVideoData().
- 计算PTS&#xff1a;pVideoData->pts &#61; pVideoData->pts - beginTime.
- 编码器完成编码:rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->EncodeH264(&pVideoData).
- rtmpStreamer->SendFrame(pVideoData, rtmpStreamer->videoStreamIndex) 完成推流.
这样就完成了编码与推流的整个流程&#xff0c;那么是如何完成编码的?
因为在开启推流之前&#xff0c;就已经初始化了编码器&#xff0c;所以RtmpStreamer只需要调用VideoEncoder编码&#xff0c;其实VideoCapture,RtmpStreamer二者就是生产者与消费者的模式。
VideoEncoder::EncodeH264();正是完成了推流前的重要部分-视频编码。
int VideoEncoder::EncodeH264(OriginData **originData) {av_image_fill_arrays(outputYUVFrame->data,outputYUVFrame->linesize, (*originData)->data,AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, videoCodecContext->width,videoCodecContext->height, 1);outputYUVFrame->pts &#61; (*originData)->pts;int ret &#61; 0;ret &#61; avcodec_send_frame(videoCodecContext, outputYUVFrame);if (ret !&#61; 0) {
#ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFOLOG_D(DEBUG, "avcodec video send frame failed");
#endif}av_packet_unref(&videoPacket);ret &#61; avcodec_receive_packet(videoCodecContext, &videoPacket);if (ret !&#61; 0) {
#ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFOLOG_D(DEBUG, "avcodec video recieve packet failed");
#endif}(*originData)->Drop();(*originData)->avPacket &#61; &videoPacket;
#ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFOLOG_D(DEBUG, "encode video packet size:%d pts:%lld", (*originData)->avPacket->size,(*originData)->avPacket->pts);LOG_D(DEBUG, "Video frame encode success!");
#endif(*originData)->avPacket->size;return videoPacket.size;
}
以上就是H264编码的核心代码了&#xff0c;填充AVFrame&#xff0c;再完成编码&#xff0c;AVFrame data中存储的是编码前的数据&#xff0c;经编码后AVPacket data中存储的是压缩编码后的数据&#xff0c;再通过 RtmpStreamer::SendFrame()将编码后的数据发送出去。发送过程中&#xff0c;需要转换PTS&#xff0c;DTS时间基数&#xff0c;将本地编码器的时间基数&#xff0c;转换为AVStream中的时间基数。
int RtmpStreamer::SendFrame(OriginData *pData, int streamIndex) {std::lock_guard
}
以上是MediaPlus H264编码与Rtmp推流的整个流程&#xff0c;相关文章待续......
能力有限&#xff0c;如有纰漏还请指正。
版权声明&#xff1a;本文为原创文章&#xff0c;转载请注明出处。
代码地址&#xff1a;github.com/javandoc/Me…