在Ubuntu下搭建微服务开发环境

关于本文

• 写作目标：作为在linux下安装JDK、MySQL、Zookeeper、Redis、MongoDB、RabbitMQ等开发组件的快速参考指南
• Linux版本：Linux Mint 18.2 Sonya（基于Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial）

实战记录

• JAVA OpenJDK ¹

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

• MySQL ²³

安装

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.6-1_all.deb
dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.6-1_all.deb
apt update
apt install mysql-server

配置

vi /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
[mysqld]
# 注释如下配置以允许远程访问
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
character-set-server=utf8
default-time-zOne='+8:00'
# 重启服务
sudo service mysql restart

常用命令

# 登录
mysql -uroot -p
# 创建用户、数据库
create user 'test'@'%' identified by '123456';
create database test;
grant all on test.* to 'test'@'%';
flush privileges;
# 重置root密码
sudo service mysql stop
sudo mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld
sudo chown mysql:adm /var/run/mysqld
sudo nohup mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
#进入mysql shell后用下面修改密码的方式更改root密码
mysql
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' and host = 'localhost';
#重启服务
mysqladmin shutdown
sudo service mysql start
# 修改密码
#方式一 (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/password-hashing.html)
set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('123456');
flush privileges;
#方式二
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' and host = 'localhost';
flush privileges;
# 修改数据库字符集
alter database test character set utf8;
# 查看mysql字符集默认配置
show variables like '%character%';
# 复制数据库：将数据库db1复制到数据库db2 （https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqldump-copying-database.html）
mysqldump -uroot -p db1 > dump.sql
mysqladmin -uroot -p create db2
mysql -uroot -p db2

• Zookeeper (启动前必须先安装好JDK)

从Ubuntu软件仓库安装 ⁴

sudo apt install zookeeperd

从zookeeper官网下载（推荐此方式，可使用最新稳定版） ⁵

#切换到root用户
su -
cd /usr/local/share
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.10/zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
tar xzf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
cd zookeeper-3.4.10
mv zookeeper-3.4.10 zookeeper
cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg
vi conf/zoo.cfg # 修改 dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper
# 启动服务
bin/zkServer.sh start
# 安装为系统自启服务 （https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ZOOKEEPER-2095）
vi /lib/systemd/system/zookeeper.service
---------------------------------------------------------
[Unit]
Description=Apache Zookeeper
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
SyslogIdentifier=zookeeper
Restart=always
RestartSec=0s
ExecStart=/usr/local/share/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start
ExecStop=/usr/local/share/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh stop
ExecReload=/usr/local/share/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh restart
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
---------------------------------------------------------
systemctl start zookeeper
systemctl enable zookeeper


• Redis

从Ubuntu软件仓库安装 ⁶

sudo apt install redis-server

从redis官网下载（推荐此方式，可使用最新稳定版） ⁷

#切换到root用户
su -
cd /usr/local/share
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.9.tar.gz
tar xzf redis-3.2.9.tar.gz
cd redis-3.2.9
make
# 启动服务
nohup src/redis-server redis.conf > redis-server.out &
# 或者安装为系统自启服务 (设置 redis executable path 时指定 src/redis-server 所在的完整路径)
utils/install_server.sh
/etc/init.d/redis_6379 start
update-rc.d redis_6379 defaults


配置 ⁸

# 使用场景举例：允许内网环境中其他机器访问时，假设redis安装机器IP为172.18.1.10，可按如下配置
vi redis.conf
bind 127.0.0.1 172.18.1.10
# 使用redis-cli进行访问验证 (redis-cli与redis-server在同一个目录)
redis-cli -h 172.18.1.10 -p 6379
# 使用场景举例：开启远程访问 （注释掉bind配置项，修改requirepass、masterauth配置项）
# 务必设置非常复杂、长度很大的密码
vi redis.conf
#bind 127.0.0.1
# 在master实例修改requirepass配置项
requirepass Fmg1$7!&bcNp@iY0tW6pEVPP!FZ9vHMd5a%TOJAGI8bO7qqT1%
# 在slave实例修改masterauth配置项
masterauth Fmg1$7!&bcNp@iY0tW6pEVPP!FZ9vHMd5a%TOJAGI8bO7qqT1%
# 验证授权
# ./redis-cli -a 'Fmg1$7!&bcNp@iY0tW6pEVPP!FZ9vHMd5a%TOJAGI8bO7qqT1%'
# 如果启用密码访问，须要修改/etc/init.d/redis_6379
$CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT -a 'Fmg1$7!&bcNp@iY0tW6pEVPP!FZ9vHMd5a%TOJAGI8bO7qqT1%' shutdown
# 修改完配置后注意重启服务
/etc/init.d/redis_6379 restart


• MongoDB ⁹

安装

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv EA312927
# 使用阿里云镜像站，加快下载速度
sudo echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/mongodb/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.2 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.2.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org

配置 ^10111213

• 默认配置文件路径是/etc/mongod.conf
• 如果想为mongos或mongod绑定多个监听的IP地址，可将net.bindIp设置为英文逗号分割的多个IP地址

# 使用场景举例：允许内网环境中其他机器访问时，假设mongod安装机器IP为172.18.1.10，可按如下配置
vi /etc/mongod.conf
net:
bindIp: 127.0.0.1,172.18.1.10
# 使用场景举例：开启远程访问 （注释net.bindIp配置项，添加security.authorization配置项；创建授权用户）
vi /etc/mongod.conf
net:
# bindIp: 127.0.0.1
security:
authorization: enabled
mongo
use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "root",
pwd: "123456",
roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ]
}
)
use test
db.createUser(
{
user: "test",
pwd: "123456",
roles: [ { role: "dbOwner", db: "test" } ]
}
)
# 重启服务以使配置生效
sudo service mongod restart
# 开启授权后的登录举例，特别注意authenticationDatabase参数的使用，它与用户所授权角色对应的数据库有关，root角色拥有所有库的所有操作权限，dbOwner角色只有授权库的所有操作权限
mongo localhost:27017/test -u "root" -p "123456" --authenticationDatabase "admin"
mongo localhost:27017/test -u "test" -p "123456" --authenticationDatabase "test"


• RabbitMQ ¹⁴

使用PackageCloud APT Repository进行安装 ¹⁵

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server

使用RabbitMQ APT Repository进行安装 ¹⁶

echo 'deb http://www.rabbitmq.com/debian/ testing main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rabbitmq.list
wget -O- https://www.rabbitmq.com/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
或者
wget -O- https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/Keys/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server

配置 ^17181920

• 配置所在路径：在/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@{计算机名}.log查看；

默认情况rabbitmq.config、rabbitmq-env.conf在目录/etc/rabbitmq/中，如果文件不存在可自行创建，
rabbitmq.config配置示例：/usr/share/doc/rabbitmq-server/rabbitmq.config.example.gz或者访问rabbitmq.config.example，
也可通过设置系统环境变量RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILE、RABBITMQ_CONF_ENV_FILE指定具体路径；
修改完成后须要重启rabbimq-server服务；
默认配置如下，注意RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILE配置路径不用添加.config后缀，Erlang运行时会自动追加：

RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq
RABBITMQ_CONF_ENV_FILE=/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf

• 默认账号： 用户名密码都是guest

默认只能通过loopback地址(例如localhost)连接guest账号,如果想允许远程访问，须要修改rabbitmq.config(将loopback_users配置项设为[])：[{rabbit, [{loopback_users, []}]}].

• 使用Management Plugin，执行sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management启用成功后可访问Web UI进行管理
• 其他常用指令

# 创建新用户，增加权限
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user test 123456
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / test ".*" ".*" ".*"
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags test administrator
# 验证账号
sudo rabbitmqctl authenticate_user test 123456
# 修改密码
sudo rabbitmqctl change_password test 123456


(本文首发我的个人网站 http://www.wangdandong.com )

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2. https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mys&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
3. https://dev.mysql.com/downloa&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
4. https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
5. http://zookeeper.apache.org/d&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
6. https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
7. https://redis.io/download &＃x21a9;
8. https://redis.io/commands/auth &＃x21a9;
9. https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
10. https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
11. https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
12. https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
13. https://docs.mongodb.com/v3.2&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
14. http://www.rabbitmq.com/downl&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
15. https://packagecloud.io/rabbi&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
16. http://www.rabbitmq.com/insta&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
17. http://www.rabbitmq.com/confi&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
18. http://www.rabbitmq.com/reloc&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
19. http://www.rabbitmq.com/acces&＃8230; &＃x21a9;
20. http://www.rabbitmq.com/man/r&＃8230; &＃x21a9;