WPFBindingValidation数据验证

表单的数据验证往往枯燥无味,又不可避免.
在一个如下表单只有两个输入框,和确定按钮的情况下,正常我们需要做哪些工作呢?

1. 如果年龄输入框输入了非数字的字符串,输入框失去焦点后,后面错误消息应当能立即提示出来

2.错误的提示的内容如果变化,你可能需要修改整个UI设计.(如显示在输入框下方)

3.点击OK按钮,需要遍历Window所有输入框,如果有输入数据验证不符合,需要提示错误,并将对应的控件获取焦点.

这很容易么?当这个输入框再多一些呢?

下面的Demo,看在WPF如何轻松处理这些:

Window里,textBox1,textBox2,textBox3 绑定的数据为:

class MyDataSource { private int _age; private int _age2; private int _age3; public MyDataSource() { Age = 0; Age2 = 0; } public int Age { get { return _age; } set { _age = value; } } public int Age2 { get { return _age2; } set { _age2 = value; } } public int Age3 { get { return _age3; } set { _age3 = value; } } }

• 使用自定义验证规则

<TextBox Name="textBox1" Width="50" FontSize="15"
         Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}"
         Style="{StaticResource textBoxInError}"
         Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Margin="2">
  <TextBox.Text>
    <Binding Path="Age" Source="{StaticResource ods}"
             UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" >
      <Binding.ValidationRules>
        <c:AgeRangeRule Min="21" Max="130"/>
      Binding.ValidationRules>
    Binding>
  TextBox.Text>
TextBox>

textBox1 绑定了Age ,并且使用的验证的规则为 AgeRangeRule ,规则中指定了最小值和最大值,当PropertyChanged时验证规则将触发,也就是该控件失去焦点之时. 提示的信息样式定义在ErrorTemplate里,让我们再来看一看ErrroTemplate的内容:

      <ControlTemplate x:Key="validationTemplate">
        <DockPanel>
          <TextBlock Foreground="Red" FontSize="20">!TextBlock>
          <AdornedElementPlaceholder/>
        DockPanel>
      ControlTemplate>

AdornedElementPlaceholder 才是这里的点睛之处,此处放置了待验证的控件,而整个ErrorTemplate正是使用神奇的Adoner实现了错误的提示的位置和原排版布局的无关性. 验证规则和整个代码完全解耦:

class AgeRangeRule : ValidationRule { private int _min; private int _max; public AgeRangeRule() { } public int Min { get { return _min; } set { _min = value; } } public int Max { get { return _max; } set { _max = value; } } public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo) { int age = 0; try { if (((string)value).Length > 0) age = Int32.Parse((String)value); } catch (Exception e) { return new ValidationResult(false, "Illegal characters or " + e.Message); } if ((age Max)) { return new ValidationResult(false, "Please enter an age in the range: " + Min + " - " + Max + "."); } else { return new ValidationResult(true, null); } } }

验证规则验证失败时候抛出的异常显示在Tip里.

     <Style x:Key="textBoxInError" TargetType="{x:Type TextBox}">
        <Style.Triggers>
          <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="true">
            <Setter Property="ToolTip"
              Value="{Binding RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self},
                              Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"/>
          Trigger>
        Style.Triggers>
      Style>

• 使用ExceptionValidationRule

另一种方法,不自定义Rule,如:

 <TextBox Name="textBox3" Width="50" FontSize="15"
             Grid.Row="5" Grid.Column="1" Margin="2"
             Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource validationTemplate}"
             Style="{StaticResource textBoxInError}">
      <TextBox.Text>
        <Binding Path="Age3" Source="{StaticResource ods}"
                 UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
          <Binding.ValidationRules>
            <ExceptionValidationRule/>
          Binding.ValidationRules>
        Binding>
      TextBox.Text>
    TextBox>

在后台代码中:

        BindingExpression myBindingExpression = textBox3.GetBindingExpression(TextBox.TextProperty);
            Binding myBinding = myBindingExpression.ParentBinding;
            myBinding.UpdateSourceExceptiOnFilter= new UpdateSourceExceptionFilterCallback(ReturnExceptionHandler);
            myBindingExpression.UpdateSource();

因为Age3 是Int类型,在textBox3 输入非int类型,将会引发异常,此时使用Rule的正是系统的ExceptionValidationRule,同样错误信息的模块不变.

• 验证所有控件
  
  // Validate all dependency objects in a window bool IsValid(DependencyObject node) { // Check if dependency object was passed if (node != null) { // Check if dependency object is valid. // NOTE: Validation.GetHasError works for controls that have validation rules attached bool isValid = !Validation.GetHasError(node); if (!isValid) { // If the dependency object is invalid, and it can receive the focus, // set the focus if (node is IInputElement) Keyboard.Focus((IInputElement)node); return false; } } // If this dependency object is valid, check all child dependency objects foreach (object subnode in LogicalTreeHelper.GetChildren(node)) { if (subnode is DependencyObject) { // If a child dependency object is invalid, return false immediately, // otherwise keep checking if (IsValid((DependencyObject)subnode) == false) return false; } } // All dependency objects are valid return true; }
  
  在点击确定可使用该方法再次验证,在数据不合法的情况下,使用户无法提交
  
  

代码: 下载