Sqoop是Apache顶级项目，主要用来在Hadoop和关系数据库中传递数据。通过sqoop，可以方便的将数据从关系数据库导入到HDFS，或将数据从HDFS导出到关系数据库。

关于Sqoop

官网
Sqoop架构整合了Hive、Hbase和Oozie，通过map-reduce任务来传输数据，从而提供并发特性和容错。
Sqoop主要通过JDBC和关系数据库进行交互。理论上支持JDBC的database都可以使用sqoop和hdfs进行数据交互。但只有一小部分经过sqoop官方测试，如：HSQLDB（1.8.0+），MySQL（5.0+），Oracle（10.2.0+），PostgreSQL（8.3+ ）；
MySQL和PostgreSQL支持direct；较老的版本有可能也被支持，但未经过测试。出于性能考虑，sqoop提供不同于JDBC的快速存取数据的机制，可以通过–direct使用。

Sqoop与MySQL数据交换

版本：sqoop-1.4.5-cdh5.4.0
sqoop-1.4.5-cdh5.4.0官方文档
数据导入示例

mysql drive导入sqoop

cp /tmp/mysql-connector-java-5.1.36-bin.jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-5.4.7-1.cdh5.4.7.p0.3/lib/sqoop/lib
cp /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-5.4.7-1.cdh5.4.7.p0.3/lib/sqoop/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.36-bin.jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-5.4.7-1.cdh5.4.7.p0.3/lib/hadoop/lib/
备注：官方文档是要导入到sqoop2目录，但copy到sqoop2目录无效，sqoop目录生效

MySQL表导入HDFS然后导入Hive

• 切换到hdfs用户执行：su hdfs

• 将MySQL数据库geocodingdb的MatchingAddress表导入HDFS用户目录

  123456

  sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \--driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \--username geocodingdb --password geocodingdb \--table MatchingAddress \--fields-terminated-by '\t' --lines-terminated-by '\n' --optionally-enclosed-by '\"'--direct

• 附加--direct参数快速完成MySQL数据导入/导出操作
  与selects和inserts操作相比，MySQL Direct Connector可以用mysqldump and mysqlimport工具对MySQL数据进行更快的导入和导出操作

• hive新建表结构并导入数据

  123456

  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS geocodingdb.MatchingAddress; create external table geocodingdb.MatchingAddress (source_address_id string,source_address string ,head_splitted_address string,splitted_skeleton_addressnode string,skeleton_addressnode string,skeleton_addressnode_type string,tail_address string,tail_splitted_address string)row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' stored as textfile; load data inpath '/user/hdfs/MatchingAddress/*' into table geocodingdb.MatchingAddress;

MySQL表直接导入Hive

• MySQL表授权

  12	GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'geocodingdb'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'geocodingdb' with grant option;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

• hive-import命令
  注意导入MySQL表结构字段顺序需与Hive表结构字段顺序一致

  123456

  sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \--driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \--username geocodingdb --password geocodingdb \--table MatchingAddress \--fields-terminated-by '\t' --lines-terminated-by '\n' --optionally-enclosed-by '\"' \--direct

Hive表导出到MySQL

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sqoop export --direct --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb --driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \--username geocodingdb --password geocodingdb \--table MatchedAddressGroupbySkeleton \--export-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchedaddressgroupbyskeleton \--input-fields-terminated-by "\t" \--input-null-string "\\\\N" --input-null-non-string "\\\\N"

Sqoop(MySQL)常用命令

指定列

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–columns “employee_id,first_name,last_name,job_title”

使用8个线程

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
-m 8

快速模式

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–direct

使用sequencefile作为存储方式

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–class-name com.foocorp.Employee –as-sequencefile

分隔符

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ \
–optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘

导入到hive

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–hive-import

条件过滤

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–where “start_date > ‘2010-01-01’”

用dept_id作为分个字段

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/corp –table EMPLOYEES \
–split-by dept_id

追加导入

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://db.foo.com/somedb –table sometable \
–where “id > 100000” –target-dir /incremental_dataset –append

问题记录

sqoop export –direct导出mysqlimport错误

错误描述：Cannot run program “mysqlimport”: error=2, No such file or directory
解决办法：附加--driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver参数

sqoop export –direct导出mapreduce程序错误

错误描述1：Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Can’t parse input data: ‘长浜 STR 18119 B316D057CE523018E0430A23A2C13018’
解决办法：附加--input-fields-terminated-by "\t"参数

错误描述2：com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry ‘1614’ for key ‘PRIMARY’
解决办法：附加--input-null-string "\\\\N" --input-null-non-string "\\\\N"如果遇到空值就插入null

Sqoop 导入 Hive 导致发生 Null Pointer Exception (NPE)

解决办法：首先通过 Sqoop 将数据导入 HDFS，然后将其从 HDFS 导入 Hive。

MySQL导入Hive表报错

Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘쀀’ )’ at line 1
解决：hive表编码问题；导入时不附加–hcatalog-table，手动新建表，然后导入数据

Sqoop导入MySQL大表内存溢出问题

SqoopUserGuide
抛出异常java.lang.OutOfMemoryError：GC overhead limit exceeded导致服务起不来

参考：http://www.hadooptechs.com/sqoop/handling-database-fetch-size-in-sqoop

修改yarn的nodemanager xmx还是sqoop 的xmx

分页查询写入

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sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb --username geocodingdb --password geocodingdb \--query 'select * from MatchingAddress WHERE $CONDITIONS limit 0,100000' \--split-by guid \--fields-terminated-by '\t' --lines-terminated-by '\n' --optionally-enclosed-by '\"' \--target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \--append

123456

sqoop import --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb --username geocodingdb --password geocodingdb \--query 'select * from MatchingAddress WHERE $CONDITIONS' \--split-by guid \--fields-terminated-by '\t' --lines-terminated-by '\n' --optionally-enclosed-by '\"' \--target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \--append

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb?user=geocodingdb&password=geocodingdb&dOntTrackOpenResources=true&defaultFetchSize=10000&useCursorFetch=true –query ‘select * from MatchingAddress WHERE $CONDITIONS’ –split-by guid \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ –optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘ \
–target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \
–append

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \
–driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \
–username geocodingdb –password geocodingdb \
–direct \
–table MatchingAddress1 \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ –optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘ \
–target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \
–append

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \
–driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \
–username geocodingdb –password geocodingdb \
–direct \
–table MatchingAddress2 \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ –optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘ \
–target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \
–append

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \
–driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \
–username geocodingdb –password geocodingdb \
–direct \
–table MatchingAddress3 \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ –optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘ \
–target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \
–append

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \
–driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \
–username geocodingdb –password geocodingdb \
–direct \
–table MatchingAddress4 \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ –optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘ \
–target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \
–append

sqoop import –connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.161:3306/geocodingdb \
–driver com.mysql.jdbc.Driver \
–username geocodingdb –password geocodingdb \
–direct \
–table MatchingAddress5 \
–fields-terminated-by ‘\t’ –lines-terminated-by ‘\n’ –optionally-enclosed-by ‘\”‘ \
–target-dir /user/hive/warehouse/geocodingdb.db/matchingaddress \
–append

Stack trace: ExitCodeException exitCode=255: