如何使用Gradle的依赖树来解决android支持库版本不匹配？

催化剂

我将Android Studio升级到2.3,将Gradle插件升级到3.3

最初的问题

将Gradle插件更新为3.3后,我收到错误"错误:SDK Build Tools修订版(23.0.3)对于项目来说太低了':mymodulename'.最低要求是25.0.0"

我尝试将buildToolsVersion调整为25.0.2并将compileSdkVersion调整为25,以及所有com.android.support依赖项(因为它们的主要版本需要匹配compileSdkVersion).这个调整清除了这个问题,但后来我意识到我的应用程序还不支持Nougat所以我将compileSdkVersion减少到了我的targetSdkVersion 23.关于构建工具太低的错误信息仍然没有了,所以我觉得我很清楚.

第一个依赖错误

将compileSdkVersion击倒到23之后,我试图重建,并看到几个类似于"错误的错误:(3)错误检索项目的父项:找不到与给定名称匹配的资源'android:TextAppearance.Material.Widget.Button.Borderless.有色'".我意识到我忘记改变我的com.android.support依赖项,使得它们的主要版本再次与较低的compileSdkVersion匹配,所以我将它们降低到23.3.0

第二个依赖错误

在解决了第一个依赖性错误后,我能够再次编译并运行我的应用程序.但是,在我的第一个com.android.support依赖项下面仍然存在红色波形,错误说明"所有com.android.support库必须使用完全相同的版本规范(混合版本可能导致运行时崩溃).发现版本24.0 .0,23.3.0.例子包括com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0和com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:23.3.0"

我的build.gradle中没有任何内容专门引用24.0.0,看哪:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'


android {
    compileSdkVersion 23
    buildToolsVersion '25.0.2'


    defaultConfig {
        applicationId ...
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode ...
        versionName ...
    }
    buildTypes {
        debug{
            debuggable true
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    lintOptions{

        //check for errors in release builds,
        // but continue the build even when errors are found:
        abortOnError false
    }
    dexOptions{
        jumboMode true
    }

}

repositories {
    // You can also use jcenter if you prefer
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    //android support libs etc.
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
    compile 'com.android.support:support-v13:23.3.0'
    compile 'com.android.support:mediarouter-v7:23.3.0'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.3.0'
    //snackbar support
    compile 'com.android.support:design:23.3.0'

    //Facebook Android SDK
    compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.7.0'
    //Facebook Audience Network SDK. Only versions 4.6.0 and above are available
    compile 'com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.7.0'

    //gplay services dependencies
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:10.0.1'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:10.0.1'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:10.0.1'

    //provides Firebase Analytics
    compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:10.0.1'

    //provides Google Mobile Ads SDK, a.k.a the AdMob service.
    compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-ads:10.0.1'

    //dependencies required by the InMobi ads SDK
    compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'

}

apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

依赖树

为了弄清楚24.0.0依赖的来源,我使用'./gradlew -q dependencies mymodulename:dependencies --configuration compile'创建了一个依赖树.输出是:

    compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0
|    +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:23.3.0
|    |    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0
|    |         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:24.0.0
|    +--- com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:23.3.0
|    |    \--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:23.3.0 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0 (*)
+--- com.android.support:support-v13:23.3.0
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0 (*)
+--- com.android.support:mediarouter-v7:23.3.0
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:palette-v7:23.3.0
|         \--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0 (*)
+--- com.android.support:design:23.3.0
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0 (*)
|    +--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.3.0
|         +--- com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0 (*)
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0 -> 24.0.0
+--- com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.7.0
|    +--- com.parse.bolts:bolts-android:1.2.0
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:[22,23) -> 24.0.0 (*)
+--- com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.7.0
|    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:7.8.0 -> 10.0.1
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads-lite:10.0.1
|         |    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1
|         |         \--- com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0 (*)
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1
|         |    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|         |    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-tasks:10.0.1
|         |         \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-clearcut:10.0.1
|         |    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1 (*)
|         |    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|         \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-gass:10.0.1
|              \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:10.0.1
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1 (*)
|    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:10.0.1
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics-impl:10.0.1
|    |    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1 (*)
|    |    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1 (*)
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-tagmanager-v4-impl:10.0.1
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics-impl:10.0.1 (*)
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1 (*)
|         \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:10.0.1
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:10.0.1 (*)
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-tasks:10.0.1 (*)
+--- com.google.firebase:firebase-core:10.0.1
|    \--- com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:10.0.1
|         +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|         +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-common:10.0.1
|         |    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|         |    \--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-tasks:10.0.1 (*)
|         \--- com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:10.0.1
|              +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|              +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-iid:10.0.1
|              |    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1 (*)
|              |    \--- com.google.firebase:firebase-common:10.0.1 (*)
|              \--- com.google.firebase:firebase-common:10.0.1 (*)
+--- com.google.firebase:firebase-ads:10.0.1
|    +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:10.0.1 (*)
|    \--- com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:10.0.1 (*)
+--- com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2
\--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.3.0 (*)

(*) - dependencies omitted (listed previously)

问题

依赖树语法'lib version - >不同的lib版'是什么意思？具体来说,当树说"com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 - > 24.0.0"时,它是什么意思？

如果我的其他一些依赖项中有com.android.support版本24.xx库的隐式要求(请参阅com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:10.0.1,具体取决于com.android.support:support -v4:24.0.0),为什么在之前提到的Android Studio,Gradle插件和buildToolsVersion更新之前没有这个build.gradle抛出错误？

如何确保所有依赖项与compileSdkVersion 23兼容？

Gabriele Mar.. 6

具体来说,当树说"com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 - > 24.0.0"时,它是什么意思？

这意味着库具有com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0嵌套的相关性,但在这种情况下,您只是使用相同依赖项的另一个更高版本com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0.
换句话说项目中使用的com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0

为什么在之前提到的Android Studio,Gradle插件和buildToolsVersion更新之前没有这个build.gradle抛出错误？

因为您已将Gradle插件更新为具有此类检查的3.3.

如何确保所有依赖项与compileSdkVersion 23兼容？

这很难.
唯一的方法是检查所有依赖项,但我建议您使用:

compileSdkVersion 25
targetSdkVersion  23

通常,buildToolsVersion在任何情况下都使用最新版本是一个好主意,独立于所使用的支持库的版本.

此外.强烈建议您始终使用最新的SDK进行编译.这意味着今天你应该使用compileSdkVersion25.

具体来说,当树说"com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0 - > 24.0.0"时,它是什么意思？

这意味着库具有com.android.support:support-v4:23.3.0嵌套的相关性,但在这种情况下,您只是使用相同依赖项的另一个更高版本com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0.
换句话说项目中使用的com.android.support:support-v4:24.0.0

为什么在之前提到的Android Studio,Gradle插件和buildToolsVersion更新之前没有这个build.gradle抛出错误？

因为您已将Gradle插件更新为具有此类检查的3.3.

如何确保所有依赖项与compileSdkVersion 23兼容？

这很难.
唯一的方法是检查所有依赖项,但我建议您使用:

compileSdkVersion 25
targetSdkVersion  23

通常,buildToolsVersion在任何情况下都使用最新版本是一个好主意,独立于所使用的支持库的版本.

此外.强烈建议您始终使用最新的SDK进行编译.这意味着今天你应该使用compileSdkVersion25.