Python改变图片EXIF信息（修复图片上传后方向改变的BUG）

EXIF&＃xff0c;Exchangeable image file format&＃xff0c;可交换图像文件格式&＃xff0c;用于记录数码照片的属性信息和拍摄数据

EXIF 中有一个字段 Orientation&＃xff0c;存放方向信息&＃xff0c;前端上传图片到后端再获取&＃xff0c;可能会发生方向改变的 BUG&＃xff0c;只要后端接收到图片后按旋转信息旋转并删除该信息便可以解决&＃xff08;这步前端解决也可以&＃xff09;

test.jpg

pip install piexif
pip install pillow


该库只有五个函数&＃xff1a;

• load(filename_or_bytes)&＃xff1a;获取 EXIF 数据&＃xff08;字典&＃xff09;
• dump(exif_dict)&＃xff1a;以字节形式返回 EXIF 数据
• insert(exif_bytes, filename)&＃xff1a;插入 EXIF 数据到图片中
• remove(filename)&＃xff1a;删除图片的 EXIF 数据
• transplant(filename1, filename2)&＃xff1a;将 EXIF 数据从 filename1 复制到 filename2

随意拍一张照片并命名为 1.jpg

import piexifexif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(&＃39;1.jpg&＃39;)
for k, v in exif_dict.items():print(k, v)
thumbnail &＃61; exif_dict.pop(&＃39;thumbnail&＃39;) # 提取缩略图
if thumbnail:with open(&＃39;thumbnail.jpg&＃39;, &＃39;wb&＃43;&＃39;) as f:f.write(thumbnail)


import io
import piexif
from PIL import Image# 读取图片并创建缩略图
bytesIO &＃61; io.BytesIO()
thumb_im &＃61; Image.open(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
thumb_im.thumbnail((50, 50), Image.ANTIALIAS)
thumb_im.save(bytesIO, &＃39;jpeg&＃39;)
thumbnail &＃61; bytesIO.getvalue()# 编辑EXIF数据
zeroth_ifd &＃61; {piexif.ImageIFD.Make: &＃39;Canon&＃39;,piexif.ImageIFD.XResolution: (96, 1),piexif.ImageIFD.YResolution: (96, 1),piexif.ImageIFD.Software: &＃39;piexif&＃39;
}
exif_ifd &＃61; {piexif.ExifIFD.DateTimeOriginal: &＃39;2099:09:29 10:10:10&＃39;,piexif.ExifIFD.LensMake: &＃39;LensMake&＃39;,piexif.ExifIFD.Sharpness: 65535,piexif.ExifIFD.LensSpecification: ((1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1)),
}
gps_ifd &＃61; {piexif.GPSIFD.GPSVersionID: (2, 0, 0, 0),piexif.GPSIFD.GPSAltitudeRef: 1,piexif.GPSIFD.GPSDateStamp: &＃39;1999:99:99 99:99:99&＃39;,
}
first_ifd &＃61; {piexif.ImageIFD.Make: &＃39;Canon&＃39;,piexif.ImageIFD.XResolution: (40, 1),piexif.ImageIFD.YResolution: (40, 1),piexif.ImageIFD.Software: &＃39;piexif&＃39;
}# 保存
exif_dict &＃61; {&＃39;0th&＃39;: zeroth_ifd, &＃39;Exif&＃39;: exif_ifd, &＃39;GPS&＃39;: gps_ifd, &＃39;1st&＃39;: first_ifd, &＃39;thumbnail&＃39;: thumbnail}
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
im &＃61; Image.open(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
im.save(&＃39;result.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)# 读取EXIF
exif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(&＃39;result.jpg&＃39;)
for k, v in exif_dict.items():print(k, v)
# 0th {271: b&＃39;Canon&＃39;, 282: (96, 1), 283: (96, 1), 305: b&＃39;piexif&＃39;, 34665: 115, 34853: 226}
# Exif {36867: b&＃39;2099:09:29 10:10:10&＃39;, 41994: 65535, 42034: ((1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1), (1, 1)), 42035: b&＃39;LensMake&＃39;}
# GPS {0: (2, 0, 0, 0), 5: 1, 29: b&＃39;1999:99:99 99:99:99&＃39;}
# Interop {}
# 1st {271: b&＃39;Canon&＃39;, 282: (40, 1), 283: (40, 1), 305: b&＃39;piexif&＃39;, 513: 391, 514: 1556}
# thumbnail b&＃39;……&＃39;


Windows 属性

使用 EXIF Viewer&＃xff08;k8ym&＃xff09; 查看

import piexifexif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;] &＃61; {piexif.ImageIFD.Software: &＃39;piexif&＃39;} # 修改来源-程序名称
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
piexif.insert(exif_bytes, &＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
# piexif.insert(exif_bytes, &＃39;test.jpg&＃39;, &＃39;result.jpg&＃39;)


import piexifpiexif.remove(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
for k, v in piexif.load(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;).items():print(k, v)
# 0th {}
# Exif {}
# GPS {}
# Interop {}
# 1st {}
# thumbnail None


import piexifpiexif.transplant(&＃39;result.jpg&＃39;, &＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
for k, v in piexif.load(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;).items():print(k, v)
# 0th {305: b&＃39;piexif&＃39;, 34665: 45}
# Exif {34850: 0, 36864: b&＃39;\x00\x00\x00&＃39;, 36867: b&＃39;&＃39;, 36868: b&＃39;&＃39;, 37379: (0, 1), 40962: 512, 40963: 512}
# GPS {}
# Interop {}
# 1st {}
# thumbnail None


import piexif
from PIL import Imageim &＃61; Image.open(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;)
exif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(im.info[&＃39;exif&＃39;])
width, height &＃61; im.size
exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.XResolution] &＃61; (width, 1)
exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.YResolution] &＃61; (height, 1)
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
im.save(&＃39;result.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)


如旋转信息 Orientation

import piexifexif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(&＃39;1.jpg&＃39;) # 拍一张照片
if piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation in exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;]:print(exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation])
# 6


详细查阅&＃xff1a;EXIF 文件格式描述

用于修复图片上传后方向改变的BUG&＃xff0c;按旋转信息 Orientation 旋转并删除该信息

import piexif
from PIL import Imagedef rotate_by_orientation(filename):img &＃61; Image.open(filename)if &＃39;exif&＃39; in img.info:exif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(img.info[&＃39;exif&＃39;])if piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation in exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;]:orientation &＃61; exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;].pop(piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation)exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)if orientation &＃61;&＃61; 2:img &＃61; img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)elif orientation &＃61;&＃61; 3:img &＃61; img.rotate(180)elif orientation &＃61;&＃61; 4:img &＃61; img.rotate(180).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)elif orientation &＃61;&＃61; 5:img &＃61; img.rotate(-90, expand&＃61;True).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)elif orientation &＃61;&＃61; 6:img &＃61; img.rotate(-90, expand&＃61;True)elif orientation &＃61;&＃61; 7:img &＃61; img.rotate(90, expand&＃61;True).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)elif orientation &＃61;&＃61; 8:img &＃61; img.rotate(90, expand&＃61;True)img.save(filename, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)print(&＃39;保存成功&＃39;)if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; &＃39;__main__&＃39;:rotate_by_orientation(&＃39;1.jpg&＃39;)


import piexif
from PIL import Imageimg &＃61; Image.open(&＃39;test.jpg&＃39;) # 打开一张没有方向信息且方向正确的图片
exif_dict &＃61; piexif.load(img.info[&＃39;exif&＃39;])exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 1
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().save(&＃39;1.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 2
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT).save(&＃39;2.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 3
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().rotate(180).save(&＃39;3.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 4
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().rotate(180).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT).save(&＃39;4.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 5
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().rotate(-90, expand&＃61;True).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT).save(&＃39;5.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 6
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().rotate(90, expand&＃61;True).save(&＃39;6.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 7
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().rotate(90, expand&＃61;True).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT).save(&＃39;7.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)exif_dict[&＃39;0th&＃39;][piexif.ImageIFD.Orientation] &＃61; 8
exif_bytes &＃61; piexif.dump(exif_dict)
img.copy().rotate(-90, expand&＃61;True).save(&＃39;8.jpg&＃39;, exif&＃61;exif_bytes)


Orientation&＃xff08;274&＃xff09;	0th Row	0th Column	效果&＃xff08;保存后就能看到正常方向&＃xff09;
1	top	left side
2	top	right side
3	bottom	right side
4	bottom	left side
5	left side	top
6	right side	top
7	right side	bottom
8	left side	bottom

还可以使用 ExifToolGUI&＃xff08;9qo8&＃xff09;&＃xff08;该链接已封装好&＃xff09;&＃xff1a;

1. 下载 Windows Executable 后解压并改名为 exiftool
2. 下载 ExifToolGUI 后解压
3. 将 exiftool 放入 GUI 同一文件夹

1. Piexif Documentation
2. 如何解决上传图片倒转的问题&＃xff1f;
3. Exif文件格式描述
4. Python图像库Pillow (PIL) 入门
5. JS Client-Side Exif Orientation: Rotate and Mirror JPEG Images
6. FileReader&＃xff1a;读取本地图片文件并显示