配置Chrony同步时间，以及ntpd，ntpupate

参考文档&＃xff1a;
https://www.tecmint.com/install-chrony-in-centos-ubuntu-linux/
https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/chrony-time-services-linux

OS &＃xff1a;Linux Mint21.1

oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME&＃61;"Linux Mint"
VERSION&＃61;"21.1 (Vera)"
ID&＃61;linuxmint
ID_LIKE&＃61;"ubuntu debian"
PRETTY_NAME&＃61;"Linux Mint 21.1"
VERSION_ID&＃61;"21.1"
HOME_URL&＃61;"https://www.linuxmint.com/"
SUPPORT_URL&＃61;"https://forums.linuxmint.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL&＃61;"http://linuxmint-troubleshooting-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL&＃61;"https://www.linuxmint.com/"
VERSION_CODENAME&＃61;vera
UBUNTU_CODENAME&＃61;jammy
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$


-- 安装chrony &＃xff0c;使用命令apt install chrony .可以看到ntp包被卸载
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ apt install chrony
[sudo] password for oem:       
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了&＃xff1a;
  ibus-libpinyin liblua5.3-0 libmarisa0 libopencc-data libopencc1.1 libpinyin-data libpinyin13
使用&＃39;sudo apt autoremove&＃39;来卸载它(它们)。
下列软件包将被【卸载】&＃xff1a;
  ntp
下列【新】软件包将被安装&＃xff1a;
  chrony
升级了 0 个软件包&＃xff0c;新安装了 1 个软件包&＃xff0c;要卸载 1 个软件包&＃xff0c;有 54 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 290 kB 的归档。
解压缩后将会空出 1,485 kB 的空间。
您希望继续执行吗&＃xff1f; [Y/n] y
获取:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 chrony amd64 4.2-2ubuntu2 [290 kB]
已下载 290 kB&＃xff0c;耗时 2秒 (168 kB/s)
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 391254 个文件和目录。)
正在卸载 ntp (1:4.2.8p15&＃43;dfsg-1ubuntu2) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 chrony。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 391201 个文件和目录。)
准备解压 .../chrony_4.2-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb  ...
正在解压 chrony (4.2-2ubuntu2) ...
正在设置 chrony (4.2-2ubuntu2) ...

Creating config file /etc/chrony/chrony.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/chrony/chrony.keys with new version
dpkg-statoverride: 警告: --update 已指定但 /var/log/chrony 不存在
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/chronyd.service → /lib/systemd/system/chrony.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chrony.service → /lib/systemd/system/chrony.service.
正在处理用于 man-db (2.10.2-1) 的触发器 ...
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$

-- 查看chronyd服务的状态

em&＃64;linuxmint:~$ systemctl status chronyd
● chrony.service - chrony, an NTP client/server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/chrony.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2023-01-20 09:47:50 CST; 57min ago
Docs: man:chronyd(8)
man:chronyc(1)
man:chrony.conf(5)
Main PID: 12949 (chronyd)
Tasks: 2 (limit: 4561)
Memory: 1.3M
CPU: 619ms
CGroup: /system.slice/chrony.service
├─12949 /usr/sbin/chronyd -F 1
└─12950 /usr/sbin/chronyd -F 1
Jan 20 09:47:49 linuxmint systemd[1]: Starting chrony, an NTP client/server...
Jan 20 09:47:49 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: chronyd version 4.2 starting (&＃43;CMDMON &＃43;NTP &＃43;REFCLOCK &＃43;RTC &＃43;PRIVDROP &＃43;SCFILTER &＃43;SIGND &＃43;ASYNCDNS &＃43;NTS &＃43;SECHASH>
Jan 20 09:47:49 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: Initial frequency 3.904 ppm
Jan 20 09:47:50 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: Using right/UTC timezone to obtain leap second data
Jan 20 09:47:50 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: Loaded seccomp filter (level 1)
Jan 20 09:47:50 linuxmint systemd[1]: Started chrony, an NTP client/server.
Jan 20 09:47:56 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: Selected source 185.125.190.56 (ntp.ubuntu.com)
Jan 20 09:47:56 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: System clock TAI offset set to 37 seconds
Jan 20 09:47:56 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: Selected source 202.118.1.81 (2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org)
Jan 20 09:49:02 linuxmint chronyd[12949]: Selected source 111.230.189.174 (0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org)
lines 1-24/24 (END)


-- 配置chrony服务 &＃xff0c;把服务器地址添加上去
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ vi /etc/chrony/chrony.conf

-- 查看本机时间同步状态&＃xff0c;用于验证服务是否已经启动

oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ chronyc tracking
Reference ID : 6FE6BDAE (111.230.189.174)
Stratum : 3
Ref time (UTC) : Fri Jan 20 02:41:51 2023
System time : 0.000169761 seconds slow of NTP time
Last offset : -0.000193344 seconds
RMS offset : 0.001217608 seconds
Frequency : 3.569 ppm fast
Residual freq : -0.011 ppm
Skew : 0.792 ppm
Root delay : 0.015651939 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.008268453 seconds
Update interval : 512.1 seconds
Leap status : Normal
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$

-- 查看时间同步服务器列表

oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ chronyc sources
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;
^- prod-ntp-3.ntp1.ps5.cano> 2 9 377 855 -18ms[ -18ms] &＃43;/- 123ms
^- alphyn.canonical.com 2 9 377 79 &＃43;2796us[&＃43;2886us] &＃43;/- 167ms
^- pugot.canonical.com 2 9 377 83 -23ms[ -23ms] &＃43;/- 151ms
^- prod-ntp-5.ntp4.ps5.cano> 2 9 377 71 -20ms[ -20ms] &＃43;/- 127ms
^* 111.230.189.174 2 9 377 24 &＃43;2895us[&＃43;2985us] &＃43;/- 29ms
^- ntp8.flashdance.cx 2 9 327 12 -11ms[ -11ms] &＃43;/- 196ms
^- ntp1.ams1.nl.leaseweb.net 2 8 377 77 &＃43;34ms[ &＃43;34ms] &＃43;/- 220ms
^&＃43; time.neu.edu.cn 1 9 377 86 &＃43;765us[ &＃43;855us] &＃43;/- 30ms
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$

oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ chronyc sources -v
.-- Source mode &＃39;^&＃39; &＃61; server, &＃39;&＃61;&＃39; &＃61; peer, &＃39;#&＃39; &＃61; local clock.
/ .- Source state &＃39;*&＃39; &＃61; current best, &＃39;&＃43;&＃39; &＃61; combined, &＃39;-&＃39; &＃61; not combined,
| / &＃39;x&＃39; &＃61; may be in error, &＃39;~&＃39; &＃61; too variable, &＃39;?&＃39; &＃61; unusable.
|| .- xxxx [ yyyy ] &＃43;/- zzzz
|| Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx &＃61; adjusted offset,
|| Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy &＃61; measured offset,
|| \ | | zzzz &＃61; estimated error.
|| | | \
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;
^- prod-ntp-3.ntp4.ps5.cano> 2 9 377 1067 -18ms[ -18ms] &＃43;/- 123ms
^- alphyn.canonical.com 2 9 377 291 &＃43;2796us[&＃43;2886us] &＃43;/- 167ms
^- pugot.canonical.com 2 9 377 295 -23ms[ -23ms] &＃43;/- 151ms
^- prod-ntp-5.ntp4.ps5.cano> 2 9 377 283 -20ms[ -20ms] &＃43;/- 127ms
^* 111.230.189.174 2 9 377 236 &＃43;2895us[&＃43;2985us] &＃43;/- 29ms
^- ntp8.flashdance.cx 2 9 327 223 -11ms[ -11ms] &＃43;/- 196ms
^- ntp1.ams1.nl.leaseweb.net 2 9 377 29 &＃43;18ms[ &＃43;18ms] &＃43;/- 217ms
^&＃43; time.neu.edu.cn 1 9 377 297 &＃43;765us[ &＃43;855us] &＃43;/- 30ms
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$

--使用sourcestats命令显示有关chronyd当前正在检查的每个源的漂移率和偏移估算过程的信息

oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ chronyc sourcestats
Name/IP Address NP NR Span Frequency Freq Skew Offset Std Dev
&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;
alphyn.canonical.com 14 8 724 -1.937 6.880 -414us 1447us
prod-ntp-5.ntp1.ps5.cano> 10 7 717 -0.662 23.163 -19ms 3127us
pugot.canonical.com 12 5 787 -0.900 4.588 -23ms 1023us
prod-ntp-3.ntp4.ps5.cano> 11 8 722 &＃43;4.001 11.236 -21ms 1624us
time.cloudflare.com 15 9 786 -0.177 2.953 &＃43;8835us 677us
electrode.felixc.at 16 7 788 &＃43;0.033 17.115 -31ms 5000us
stratum2-1.ntp.mow01.ru.> 16 11 787 &＃43;0.467 3.503 &＃43;1003us 776us
111.230.189.174 16 8 784 &＃43;0.108 7.919 -337us 1945us
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$

-- chronyd配置为客户端的时候&＃xff0c;通过 chronyc ntpdata 命令向每一个 NTP 源发送/接收时间戳模式和交错模式的报告。

oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$ sudo chronyc ntpdata
[sudo] password for oem:
Remote address : 91.189.91.157 (5BBD5B9D)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 2
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -23 (0.000000119 seconds)
Root delay : 0.076721 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.015793 seconds
Reference ID : 91EECB0E ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:21:24 2023
Offset : &＃43;0.000422822 seconds
Peer delay : 0.228727847 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000010693 seconds
Response time : 0.000015837 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: &＃43;0.00
NTP tests : 111 111 1111
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 18
Total RX : 15
Total valid RX : 15
Remote address : 185.125.190.58 (B97DBE3A)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 2
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -25 (0.000000030 seconds)
Root delay : 0.001068 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.000443 seconds
Reference ID : A71C1419 ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:18:47 2023
Offset : -0.213448241 seconds
Peer delay : 0.704953432 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000025359 seconds
Response time : 0.000013336 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: &＃43;0.00
NTP tests : 111 111 1101
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 14
Total RX : 13
Total valid RX : 13
Remote address : 91.189.94.4 (5BBD5E04)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 2
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -23 (0.000000119 seconds)
Root delay : 0.001923 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.024673 seconds
Reference ID : 11FD22FD ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:16:30 2023
Offset : -0.017117748 seconds
Peer delay : 0.362555832 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000010582 seconds
Response time : 0.000081327 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: &＃43;0.00
NTP tests : 111 111 1101
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 18
Total RX : 18
Total valid RX : 18
Remote address : 185.125.190.56 (B97DBE38)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 2
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -25 (0.000000030 seconds)
Root delay : 0.001114 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.000168 seconds
Reference ID : B3D05EBE ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:19:36 2023
Offset : &＃43;0.022542598 seconds
Peer delay : 0.248375818 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000013721 seconds
Response time : 0.000009000 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: &＃43;0.50
NTP tests : 111 111 1111
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 20
Total RX : 14
Total valid RX : 14
Remote address : 162.159.200.123 (A29FC87B)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 3
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -25 (0.000000030 seconds)
Root delay : 0.026688 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.000702 seconds
Reference ID : 0AD00804 ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:21:57 2023
Offset : -0.008113977 seconds
Peer delay : 0.181255892 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000009528 seconds
Response time : 0.000057939 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: -0.50
NTP tests : 111 111 1111
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 18
Total RX : 18
Total valid RX : 18
Remote address : 78.46.102.180 (4E2E66B4)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 3
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -26 (0.000000015 seconds)
Root delay : 0.008759 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.025101 seconds
Reference ID : 550AF0FD ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:20:02 2023
Offset : &＃43;0.029730596 seconds
Peer delay : 0.259995103 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000013052 seconds
Response time : 0.000004604 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: &＃43;0.50
NTP tests : 111 111 1111
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 18
Total RX : 18
Total valid RX : 18
Remote address : 185.209.85.222 (B9D155DE)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 2
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -25 (0.000000030 seconds)
Root delay : 0.001785 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.001404 seconds
Reference ID : C2BEA801 ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:16:10 2023
Offset : &＃43;0.001211682 seconds
Peer delay : 0.134713382 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000009404 seconds
Response time : 0.000042643 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: &＃43;0.00
NTP tests : 111 111 1111
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 18
Total RX : 18
Total valid RX : 18
Remote address : 111.230.189.174 (6FE6BDAE)
Remote port : 123
Local address : 192.168.92.132 (C0A85C84)
Leap status : Normal
Version : 4
Mode : Server
Stratum : 2
Poll interval : 6 (64 seconds)
Precision : -22 (0.000000238 seconds)
Root delay : 0.000092 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.023911 seconds
Reference ID : 647A24C4 ()
Reference time : Fri Jan 20 03:14:20 2023
Offset : -0.000154757 seconds
Peer delay : 0.012041230 seconds
Peer dispersion : 0.000009315 seconds
Response time : 0.000022826 seconds
Jitter asymmetry: -0.45
NTP tests : 111 111 1111
Interleaved : No
Authenticated : No
TX timestamping : Daemon
RX timestamping : Kernel
Total TX : 18
Total RX : 18
Total valid RX : 18
oem&＃64;linuxmint:~$

-- 绕过任何正在进行的缓慢调整&＃xff0c;立即进行更新系统时间
chronyc makestep

-- 关于nptupdate和ntpd。

ntpupdate&＃xff0c;和ntpd都可以同步时间&＃xff0c;区别是&＃xff0c;utpupdate可以一次性同步到位时间&＃xff0c;生产生慎用

ntpd是逐步同步时间的

总结下今天学习Linux时间同步的情况。

Post by Linux Mint .2023-01-20

END