MariaDBUnionAll运算符

MariaDB UNION ALL操作符与UNION操作符相同，但不会删除重复的记录。它返回查询中的所有行，并且不删除各种SELECT语句之间的重复行。

语法

SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions]
UNION ALL
SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n
FROM tables
[WHERE conditions];


注意：UNION All运算符中的每个SELECT语句在具有相似数据类型的结果集中必须具有相同数量的字段。

1. 使用UNION ALL操作符返回单个字段

下面来看一个从多个SELECT语句返回一个字段的UNION运算符的例子。(两个表具有相同的公共字段)。

假设有两张表:students和teachers。对应的表结构和数据如下 &＃8211;

students表中的数据：

MariaDB [testdb]> select * from students;
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+
| student_id | student_name | student_address | admission_date |
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+
| 1 | Maxsu | Haikou | 2017-01-07 |
| 2 | JMaster | Beijing | 2016-05-07 |
| 3 | Mahesh | Guangzhou | 2016-06-07 |
| 4 | Kobe | Shanghai | 2016-02-07 |
| 5 | Blaba | Shenzhen | 2016-08-07 |
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)


teachers表中的数据：

USE testdb;
DROP TABLE teachers;
CREATE TABLE teachers(
teacher_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
address VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
admission_date DATE,
PRIMARY KEY ( teacher_id )
);
-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO teachers
(teacher_id, name, address, admission_date)
VALUES(1,'Maxsu','Haikou','2013-06-07 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO teachers
(teacher_id, name, address, admission_date)
VALUES(2,'张天经','广州','2013-08-08 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO teachers
(teacher_id, name, address, admission_date)
VALUES(3,'李四光','三亚','2014-09-07 00:00:00');


经过上创建和插入数据，现在teachers表中拥有以下数据记录 &＃8211;

MariaDB [testdb]> select * from teachers;
+------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| teacher_id | name | address | admission_date |
+------------+--------+---------+----------------+
| 1 | Maxsu | Haikou | 2013-06-07 |
| 2 | 张天经 | 广州 | 2013-08-08 |
| 3 | 李四光 | 三亚 | 2014-09-07 |
+------------+--------+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


假设现在要查询所有学生和老师的姓名，以及他们的地址，可参考以下查询语句 &＃8211;

SELECT student_name AS name, student_address as address
FROM Students
UNION ALL
SELECT name,address
FROM teachers;


执行上面查询语句，得到以下结果 &＃8211;

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT student_name AS name, student_address as address
-> FROM Students
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT name,address
-> FROM teachers;
+---------+-----------+
| name | address |
+---------+-----------+
| Maxsu | Haikou |
| JMaster | Beijing |
| Mahesh | Guangzhou |
| Kobe | Shanghai |
| Blaba | Shenzhen |
| Maxsu | Haikou |
| 张天经 | 广州 |
| 李四光 | 三亚 |
+---------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


注：如果这里不使用UNION ALL，而是使用UNION，那么查询结果是什么？

它显示了两个表中重复的name列的值 &＃8211; 'Maxsu'。

2. 具有ORDER BY子句的UNION运算符

使用ORDER BY子句的UNION运算符从两个表中检索多个列。参考以下语句 &＃8211;

SELECT student_id, student_name
FROM Students
WHERE student_name = 'Maxsu'
UNION ALL
SELECT teacher_id, address
FROM teachers
WHERE teacher_id <3
ORDER BY 1;


执行上面示例代码，得到以下结果 &＃8211;

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT student_id, student_name
-> FROM Students
-> WHERE student_name = 'Maxsu'
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT teacher_id, address
-> FROM teachers
-> WHERE teacher_id <3
-> ORDER BY 1;
+------------+--------------+
| student_id | student_name |
+------------+--------------+
| 1 | Haikou |
| 1 | Maxsu |
| 2 | 广州 |
+------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


3. 一些其它的用法

具有不同列名的表之间的UNION：

(SELECT e_name AS name, email FROM employees)
UNION ALL
(SELECT c_name AS name, email FROM customers);


指定UNION的全局顺序并限制总行数：

(SELECT name, email FROM employees)
UNION ALL
(SELECT name, email FROM customers)
ORDER BY name LIMIT 10;


添加一个常数行：

(SELECT 'John Doe' AS name, 'john.doe@example.net' AS email)
UNION ALL
(SELECT name, email FROM customers);


不同的类型：

SELECT CAST('x' AS CHAR(1)) UNION ALL SELECT REPEAT('y',4);
+----------------------+
| CAST('x' AS CHAR(1)) |
+----------------------+
| x |
| yyyy |
+----------------------+


按照每个SELECT使用排序列的顺序返回结果：

(SELECT 1 AS sort_column, e_name AS name, email FROM employees)
UNION ALL
(SELECT 2, c_name AS name, email FROM customers) ORDER BY sort_column;