FFMPEG之RTSP获取H264/H265裸流保存文件

参考&＃xff1a;https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42432281/article/details/88348124

1 目标背景
本文的目的是实现linux嵌入式端ffmpeg读取网络相机rtsp码流&＃xff0c;不经过编解码操作&＃xff0c;直接保存为视频文件&＃xff0c;ffmpeg有命令的形式可以实现&＃xff08;参考《FFmpeg功能命令汇总》&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;但是无法灵活设置&＃xff0c;而且调用起来也不方便&＃xff0c;因此直接使用源码编译&＃xff0c;提供功能接口

2 RTSP与H264
通常所说的rtsp协议其实包含三个协议&＃xff1a; rtsp协议, rtp协议, rtcp协议。各协议运作流程概要&＃xff1a;

第一阶段&＃xff1a;rtsp协议负责沟通传输什么数据&＃xff0c;传的是图像还是声音&＃xff0c;还是两者混合&＃xff1f;图像的话传是h264流&＃xff0c;还是h265流&＃xff0c;还是jpeg流&＃xff1f;后续的rtp&＃xff0c;rtcp协议是采用tcp还是udp&＃xff0c;端口号是多少都是通过第一阶段的rtsp协议确定的。

第二阶段&＃xff1a;通过rtp协议传输数据&＃xff0c;rtcp进行网络传输质量的监控

第三阶段&＃xff1a;通过rtsp协议中断整个协议的传输

3 ffmpeg安装
首先先将设备上的ffmpeg卸载干净&＃xff0c;防止后续出错

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg x264
sudo apt-get autoremove


3.1 x264安装
因为要保存成h264文件&＃xff0c;需要有h264编解码器&＃xff0c;安装ffmpeg的时候也必须要选择支持x264

git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git
cd x264
//如果git指令下载速度特别慢的话&＃xff0c;可以在下边链接里下载压缩包
//https://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html
./configure --enable-shared --enable-static --prefix&＃61;/usr/local
sudo make
sudo make install


3.2 x265安装
依次按照如下指令&＃xff0c;注意由于我是在arm嵌入式板子上安装的&＃xff0c;所以第3步选择的是arm-linux&＃xff0c;自己要结合实际情况来选择&＃xff0c;后续的操作方法是一样的

sudo apt-get install mercurial cmake cmake-curses-gui build-essential yasm
hg clone https://bitbucket.org/multicoreware/x265
cd x265/build/arm-linux
sudo sh ./make-Makefiles.bash
# 要把PIC选项打开&＃xff0c;见下图&＃xff0c;按下“g”退出
sudo make
sudo make install


3.3 ffmpeg安装
这里推荐采用源码安装&＃xff0c;网上很多人推荐的apt安装方式装完之后&＃xff0c;有些文件和文件夹找不到&＃xff0c;使用源码安装&＃xff0c;可以自己配置安装路径&＃xff0c;更适合我们源码开发

下载地址&＃xff1a;https://ffmpeg.org

下载后解压&＃xff0c;使用如下指令安装

./configure --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-shared --enable-gpl --prefix&＃61;/usr/local
sudo make
sudo make install


安装完后运行ldd which ffmpeg 查看ffmpeg的库是否可以找到

这时一般会打印为&＃xff1a;

linux-gate.so.1 &＃61;> (0x00f90000)
libavdevice.so.52 &＃61;> not found
libavfilter.so.1 &＃61;> not found
libavformat.so.52 &＃61;> not found
libavcodec.so.52 &＃61;> not found
libpostproc.so.51 &＃61;> not found
libswscale.so.0 &＃61;> not found
libavutil.so.50 &＃61;> not found
libpthread.so.0 &＃61;> /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00821000)
libm.so.6 &＃61;> /lib/libm.so.6 (0x007da000)
libc.so.6 &＃61;> /lib/libc.so.6 (0x0067b000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0065c000)

而命令find /usr/local/lib/ | grep -E “libavdevice.so.52|libavfilter.so.1|libavcodec.so.52|libavcore.so.0”

通常会打印输出

/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52.5.0 /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1
/usr/local/lib/libavdevice.so.52 /usr/local/lib/libavfilter.so.1.80.0
/usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52.123.0 /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.52

说明你有这些库&＃xff0c;只是没有识别。当然&＃xff0c;路径/usr/local/lib 和/usr/local/include主要是因为ffmpeg的安装前缀是/usr/lcoal&＃xff0c;好像用户安装linux的软件默认都是这里。把ffmpeg库路径加入环境变量

sudo vi /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib //在文本后边添加该路径
sudo ldconfig //执行ldconfig立即生效


4 实现源码
新建一个文件video2h264.c&＃xff0c;内容如下

#include
#include #ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif
/*Include ffmpeg header file*/
#include
#include
#include #include
#include
#include
#include
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endifvoid main()
{AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;char filepath[] &＃61; "rtsp://admin:jiaxun123&＃64;192.168.170.248:554/h264/ch1/main/av_stream";AVPacket *packet;//初始化av_register_all();avformat_network_init();pFormatCtx &＃61; avformat_alloc_context();AVDictionary* options &＃61; NULL;av_dict_set(&options, "buffer_size", "1024000", 0); //设置缓存大小,1080p可将值跳到最大av_dict_set(&options, "rtsp_transport", "tcp", 0); //以udp的方式打开,av_dict_set(&options, "stimeout", "5000000", 0); //设置超时断开链接时间&＃xff0c;单位usav_dict_set(&options, "max_delay", "500000", 0); //设置最大时延packet &＃61; (AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket));//打开网络流或文件流if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) !&＃61; 0){printf("Couldn&＃39;t open input stream.\n");return;}//查找码流信息if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL)<0){printf("Couldn&＃39;t find stream information.\n");return;}//查找码流中是否有视频流int videoindex &＃61; -1;unsigned i &＃61; 0;for (i &＃61; 0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i&＃43;&＃43;)if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type &＃61;&＃61; AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO){videoindex &＃61; i;break;}if (videoindex &＃61;&＃61; -1){printf("Didn&＃39;t find a video stream.\n");return;}//保存一段的时间视频&＃xff0c;写到文件中FILE *fpSave;fpSave &＃61; fopen("geth264_test.h264", "wb");for (i &＃61; 0; i < 20000; i&＃43;&＃43;) //这边可以调整i的大小来改变文件中的视频时间{if (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) >&＃61; 0){if (packet->stream_index &＃61;&＃61; videoindex){fwrite(packet->data, 1, packet->size, fpSave); }av_packet_unref(packet);}}fclose(fpSave);av_free(pFormatCtx);//av_free(packet);av_packet_unref(packet);
}


编译指令

gcc video2h264.c -o ffmpegtest -lpthread -lm -lavformat -lavdevice -lavfilter -lavcodec -lavutil -lswresample -lswscale -lrt -lx264 -ldl


如果编译时报错如下

In file included from /usr/local/include/libavutil/avutil.h:296:0,
from /usr/local/include/libavutil/samplefmt.h:24,
from /usr/local/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:31,
from video2mp4.cpp:5: /usr/local/include/libavutil/common.h:31:2: error: #error missing
-D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS / #define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS In file included from /usr/local/include/libavutil/avutil.h:296:0,
from /usr/local/include/libavutil/samplefmt.h:24,
from /usr/local/include/libavcodec/avcodec.h:31,
from video2mp4.cpp:5: /usr/local/include/libavutil/common.h: In function ‘int32_t
av_clipl_int32_c(int64_t)’:
/usr/local/include/libavutil/common.h:209:47: error: ‘UINT64_C’ was
not declared in this scope

则需要修改common.h文件&＃xff0c;运行

sudo vi /usr/local/include/libavutil/common.h


在在#error missing -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS / #define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS前面前边添加如下

#if defined __cplusplus
#define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#endif#ifndef UINT64_C
#define UINT64_C(value) __CONCAT(value, ULL)
#endif