Django里rest_framework的视图组件generics进行优化视图

使用视图组件进行接口优化

1. 使用视图组件的generics进行接口逻辑优化

   1. 导入generics

      from rest_framework import generics


   2. 定义序列化类

      class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model &＃61; 指定模型类fields &＃61; (指定验证字段)extra_kwargs &＃61; {"field_name":{"write_only":True}}


   3. 导入序列化类

      from .app_serializers import BookSerializer


   4. 定义视图类

      # 如果你的类只需要get和post方法你继承generics.ListCreateAPIView就可以了
class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):# queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法# 指定querysetqueryset &＃61; BookInfo.objects.all()# 指定序列化类serializer_class &＃61; BookSerializer


GET获取全部数据和POST新增一条数据案列

1. 建立url

   re_path(r"^books/$", BookView.as_view()),


2. 建立model

   from django.db import modelsfrom datetime import datetime
# from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUserclass AuthorInfo(models.Model):name &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"作者名称")age &＃61; models.IntegerField(verbose_name&＃61;"作者年龄")class Meta:db_table &＃61; "db_author_info"verbose_name &＃61; "作者信息"verbose_name_plural &＃61; verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.nameclass PublishInfo(models.Model):name &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"出版社名称")city &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"出版社所在城市")email &＃61; models.EmailField(verbose_name&＃61;"出版社邮箱")class Meta:db_table &＃61; "db_publish_info"verbose_name &＃61; "出版社信息"verbose_name_plural &＃61; verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.nameclass BookInfo(models.Model):title &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"书名")publishDate &＃61; models.DateField(default&＃61;datetime.now, verbose_name&＃61;"出版日期")# max_digits小数位加整数位多少长度 decimal_places小数位长度为2price &＃61; models.DecimalField(max_digits&＃61;5, decimal_places&＃61;2, verbose_name&＃61;"图书价格")publish &＃61; models.ForeignKey(PublishInfo, related_name&＃61;"book", related_query_name&＃61;"book_query", on_delete&＃61;models.CASCADE, verbose_name&＃61;"出版社")# ManyToManyField多对多authors &＃61; models.ManyToManyField(AuthorInfo, verbose_name&＃61;"图书作者")class Meta:db_table &＃61; "db_book_info"verbose_name &＃61; "图书信息"verbose_name_plural &＃61; verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.title

3. 导入generics

   from rest_framework import generics


4. 定义序列化类

   from.models import BookInfo
# 第一步: 导入模块
from rest_framework import serializersclass BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:# 指定 要操作的模型类model &＃61; BookInfo# 指定序列化的字段fields &＃61; ("title","price","publishDate","publish","authors","author_list","publish_name","publish_city")# 指定那些字段是只写的# write_only只写的 (只写的 前端发送数据时要写它, 后端返回数据时没有它)extra_kwargs &＃61; {"publish": {"write_only": True},"authors": {"write_only": True}}# 自定义的字段# read_only只读的 (只读的 前端发送数据时不用写它, 后端返回数据时有它)publish_name &＃61; serializers.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, read_only&＃61;True, source&＃61;"publish.name")publish_city &＃61; serializers.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, read_only&＃61;True, source&＃61;"publish.city")author_list &＃61; serializers.SerializerMethodField()def get_author_list(self, book_obj):# 拿到queryset开始循环 [ {}, {}, {}]authors &＃61; []for author in book_obj.authors.all():authors.append(author.name)return authors


5. 导入序列化类

   from .app_serializers import BookSerializer


6. 定义视图类

   from rest_framework import genericsfrom .models import BookInfo, PublishInfo, AuthorInfo
from .app_serializers import BookSerializerclass BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):# GenericAPIView会帮我们去找queryset和serializer_class# queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法# 告诉它quertset是谁queryset &＃61; BookInfo.objects.all()# 告诉它序列化的类serializer_class &＃61; BookSerialize


7. postman的GET请求所有数据
   

8. postman的POST请求所有数据
   

使用视图组件进行接口优化

1. 使用视图组件的generics进行接口逻辑优化

   1. 导入generics

      from rest_framework import generics


   2. 定义序列化类

      class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model &＃61; 指定模型类fields &＃61; (指定验证字段)extra_kwargs &＃61; {"field_name":{"write_only":True}}


   3. 导入序列化类

      from .app_serializers import BookSerializer


   4. 定义视图类

      # 如果你的类只需要get和post方法你继承generics.ListCreateAPIView就可以了
class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):# queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法# 指定querysetqueryset &＃61; BookInfo.objects.all()# 指定序列化类serializer_class &＃61; BookSerializer


GET获取一条数据和PUT修改一条数据和DELETE删除一条数据案列

1. 建立url

   re_path(r"^books/(?P\d&＃43;)/$", BookFilterView.as_view())


2. 正则不取名叫pk会报一个Expected view BookFilterView to be called with a URL keyword argument named “pk”.的错误
   

3. 建立model

   from django.db import modelsfrom datetime import datetime
# from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUserclass AuthorInfo(models.Model):name &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"作者名称")age &＃61; models.IntegerField(verbose_name&＃61;"作者年龄")class Meta:db_table &＃61; "db_author_info"verbose_name &＃61; "作者信息"verbose_name_plural &＃61; verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.nameclass PublishInfo(models.Model):name &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"出版社名称")city &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"出版社所在城市")email &＃61; models.EmailField(verbose_name&＃61;"出版社邮箱")class Meta:db_table &＃61; "db_publish_info"verbose_name &＃61; "出版社信息"verbose_name_plural &＃61; verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.nameclass BookInfo(models.Model):title &＃61; models.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, verbose_name&＃61;"书名")publishDate &＃61; models.DateField(default&＃61;datetime.now, verbose_name&＃61;"出版日期")# max_digits小数位加整数位多少长度 decimal_places小数位长度为2price &＃61; models.DecimalField(max_digits&＃61;5, decimal_places&＃61;2, verbose_name&＃61;"图书价格")publish &＃61; models.ForeignKey(PublishInfo, related_name&＃61;"book", related_query_name&＃61;"book_query", on_delete&＃61;models.CASCADE, verbose_name&＃61;"出版社")# ManyToManyField多对多authors &＃61; models.ManyToManyField(AuthorInfo, verbose_name&＃61;"图书作者")class Meta:db_table &＃61; "db_book_info"verbose_name &＃61; "图书信息"verbose_name_plural &＃61; verbose_namedef __str__(self):return self.title

4. 导入generics

   from rest_framework import generics


5. 定义序列化类

   from.models import BookInfo
# 第一步: 导入模块
from rest_framework import serializersclass BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:# 指定 要操作的模型类model &＃61; BookInfo# 指定序列化的字段fields &＃61; ("title","price","publishDate","publish","authors","author_list","publish_name","publish_city")# 指定那些字段是只写的# write_only只写的 (只写的 前端发送数据时要写它, 后端返回数据时没有它)extra_kwargs &＃61; {"publish": {"write_only": True},"authors": {"write_only": True}}# 自定义的字段# read_only只读的 (只读的 前端发送数据时不用写它, 后端返回数据时有它)publish_name &＃61; serializers.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, read_only&＃61;True, source&＃61;"publish.name")publish_city &＃61; serializers.CharField(max_length&＃61;32, read_only&＃61;True, source&＃61;"publish.city")author_list &＃61; serializers.SerializerMethodField()def get_author_list(self, book_obj):# 拿到queryset开始循环 [ {}, {}, {}]authors &＃61; []for author in book_obj.authors.all():authors.append(author.name)return authors


6. 导入序列化类

   from .app_serializers import BookSerializer


7. 定义视图类

   from rest_framework import generics
from .models import BookInfo, PublishInfo, AuthorInfo
from .app_serializers import BookSerializer# 需要回去一条数据和删除一条数据和修改一条数据就继承它RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):# GenericAPIView会帮我们去找queryset和serializer_class# queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法# 告诉它quertset是谁queryset &＃61; BookInfo.objects.all()# 告诉它序列化的类serializer_class &＃61; BookSerializer


8. postman的GET请求获取一条数据![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190725194302119.png?x-oss-process&＃61;image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDEzMTRsb3Zlenlm,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
9. postman的PUT请求修改一条数据![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190725194323649.png?x-oss-process&＃61;image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDEzMTRsb3Zlenlm,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


7. postman的DELETE请求删除一条数据