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Django3使用WebSocket实现WebShell

作者：Amandadahl | 来源：互联网 | 2023-10-15 11:22

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剧照：《眷思量》

作者：从零开始的程序员生活

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lgjbky/p/15186188.html

前言

最近工作中需要开发前端操作远程虚拟机的功能，简称 WebShell。基于当前的技术栈为 react+django，调研了一会发现大部分的后端实现都是 django+channels 来实现 websocket 服务。

大致看了下觉得这不够有趣，翻了翻 django 的官方文档发现 django 原生是不支持 websocket 的，但 django3 之后支持了 asgi 协议可以自己实现 websocket 服务。

于是选定 gunicorn+uvicorn+asgi+websocket+django3.2+paramiko 来实现 WebShell。

实现 websocket 服务

使用 django 自带的脚手架生成的项目会自动生成 asgi.py 和 wsgi.py 两个文件，普通应用大部分用的都是 wsgi.py 配合 nginx 部署线上服务。

这次主要使用 asgi.py 实现 websocket 服务的思路大致网上搜一下就能找到，主要就是实现 connect/send/receive/disconnect 这个几个动作的处理方法。

这里 How to Add Websockets to a Django App without Extra Dependencies(https://jaydenwindle.com/writing/django-websockets-zero-dependencies/) 就是一个很好的实例，但过于简单……

思路

# asgi.py import osfrom django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application from websocket_app.websocket import websocket_applicationos.environ.setdefault(&＃39;DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE&＃39;, &＃39;websocket_app.settings&＃39;)django_application = get_asgi_application()async def application(scope, receive, send):if scope[&＃39;type&＃39;] == &＃39;http&＃39;:await django_application(scope, receive, send)elif scope[&＃39;type&＃39;] == &＃39;websocket&＃39;:await websocket_application(scope, receive, send)else:raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown scope type {scope[&＃39;type&＃39;]}")# websocket.py async def websocket_application(scope, receive, send):pass

# websocket.py async def websocket_application(scope, receive, send):while True:event = await receive()if event[&＃39;type&＃39;] == &＃39;websocket.connect&＃39;:await send({&＃39;type&＃39;: &＃39;websocket.accept&＃39;})if event[&＃39;type&＃39;] == &＃39;websocket.disconnect&＃39;:breakif event[&＃39;type&＃39;] == &＃39;websocket.receive&＃39;:if event[&＃39;text&＃39;] == &＃39;ping&＃39;:await send({&＃39;type&＃39;: &＃39;websocket.send&＃39;,&＃39;text&＃39;: &＃39;pong!&＃39;})

实现

上面的代码提供了思路，比较完整的可以参考这里 websockets-in-django-3-1 (https://aliashkevich.com/websockets-in-django-3-1/) 基本可以复用了。

其中最核心的实现部分我放下面：

class WebSocket:def __init__(self, scope, receive, send):self._scope = scopeself._receive = receiveself._send = sendself._client_state = State.CONNECTINGself._app_state = State.CONNECTING@propertydef headers(self):return Headers(self._scope)@propertydef scheme(self):return self._scope["scheme"]@propertydef path(self):return self._scope["path"]@propertydef query_params(self):return QueryParams(self._scope["query_string"].decode())@propertydef query_string(self) -> str:return self._scope["query_string"]@propertydef scope(self):return self._scopeasync def accept(self, subprotocol: str = None):"""Accept connection.:param subprotocol: The subprotocol the server wishes to accept.:type subprotocol: str, optional"""if self._client_state == State.CONNECTING:await self.receive()await self.send({"type": SendEvent.ACCEPT, "subprotocol": subprotocol})async def close(self, code: int = 1000):await self.send({"type": SendEvent.CLOSE, "code": code})async def send(self, message: t.Mapping):if self._app_state == State.DISCONNECTED:raise RuntimeError("WebSocket is disconnected.")if self._app_state == State.CONNECTING:assert message["type"] in {SendEvent.ACCEPT, SendEvent.CLOSE}, (&＃39;Could not write event "%s" into socket in connecting state.&＃39;% message["type"])if message["type"] == SendEvent.CLOSE:self._app_state = State.DISCONNECTEDelse:self._app_state = State.CONNECTEDelif self._app_state == State.CONNECTED:assert message["type"] in {SendEvent.SEND, SendEvent.CLOSE}, (&＃39;Connected socket can send "%s" and "%s" events, not "%s"&＃39;% (SendEvent.SEND, SendEvent.CLOSE, message["type"]))if message["type"] == SendEvent.CLOSE:self._app_state = State.DISCONNECTEDawait self._send(message)async def receive(self):if self._client_state == State.DISCONNECTED:raise RuntimeError("WebSocket is disconnected.")message = await self._receive()if self._client_state == State.CONNECTING:assert message["type"] == ReceiveEvent.CONNECT, (&＃39;WebSocket is in connecting state but received "%s" event&＃39;% message["type"])self._client_state = State.CONNECTEDelif self._client_state == State.CONNECTED:assert message["type"] in {ReceiveEvent.RECEIVE, ReceiveEvent.DISCONNECT}, (&＃39;WebSocket is connected but received invalid event "%s".&＃39;% message["type"])if message["type"] == ReceiveEvent.DISCONNECT:self._client_state = State.DISCONNECTEDreturn message

缝合怪

做为合格的代码搬运工，为了提高搬运效率还是要造点轮子填点坑的，如何将上面的 WebSocket 类与 paramiko 结合起来，实现从前端接受字符传递给远程主机，并同时接受返回呢？

import asyncio import traceback import paramiko from webshell.ssh import Base, RemoteSSH from webshell.connection import WebSocketclass WebShell:"""整理 WebSocket 和 paramiko.Channel,实现两者的数据互通"""def __init__(self, ws_session: WebSocket,ssh_session: paramiko.SSHClient = None,chanel_session: paramiko.Channel = None):self.ws_session = ws_sessionself.ssh_session = ssh_sessionself.chanel_session = chanel_sessiondef init_ssh(self, host=None, port=22, user="admin", passwd="admin@123"):self.ssh_session, self.chanel_session = RemoteSSH(host, port, user, passwd).session()def set_ssh(self, ssh_session, chanel_session):self.ssh_session = ssh_sessionself.chanel_session = chanel_sessionasync def ready(self):await self.ws_session.accept()async def welcome(self):# 展示Linux欢迎相关内容for i in range(2):if self.chanel_session.send_ready():message = self.chanel_session.recv(2048).decode(&＃39;utf-8&＃39;)if not message:returnawait self.ws_session.send_text(message)async def web_to_ssh(self):# print(&＃39;--------web_to_ssh------->&＃39;)while True:# print(&＃39;--------------->&＃39;)if not self.chanel_session.active or not self.ws_session.status:returnawait asyncio.sleep(0.01)shell = await self.ws_session.receive_text()# print(&＃39;-------shell-------->&＃39;, shell)if self.chanel_session.active and self.chanel_session.send_ready():self.chanel_session.send(bytes(shell, &＃39;utf-8&＃39;))# print(&＃39;--------------->&＃39;, "end")async def ssh_to_web(self):# print(&＃39;<--------ssh_to_web-----------&＃39;)while True:# print(&＃39;<-------------------&＃39;)if not self.chanel_session.active:await self.ws_session.send_text(&＃39;ssh closed&＃39;)returnif not self.ws_session.status:returnawait asyncio.sleep(0.01)if self.chanel_session.recv_ready():message = self.chanel_session.recv(2048).decode(&＃39;utf-8&＃39;)# print(&＃39;<---------message----------&＃39;, message)if not len(message):continueawait self.ws_session.send_text(message)# print(&＃39;<-------------------&＃39;, "end")async def run(self):if not self.ssh_session:raise Exception("ssh not init!")await self.ready()await asyncio.gather(self.web_to_ssh(),self.ssh_to_web())def clear(self):try:self.ws_session.close()except Exception:traceback.print_stack()try:self.ssh_session.close()except Exception:traceback.print_stack()

前端

xterm.js 完全满足，搜索下找个看着简单的就行。

export class Term extends React.Component {private terminal!: HTMLDivElement;private fitAddon = new FitAddon();componentDidMount() {const xterm = new Terminal();xterm.loadAddon(this.fitAddon);xterm.loadAddon(new WebLinksAddon());// using wss for https// const socket = new WebSocket("ws://" + window.location.host + "/api/v1/ws");const socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/webshell/");// socket.onclose = (event) => {// this.props.onClose();// }socket.onopen = (event) => {xterm.loadAddon(new AttachAddon(socket));this.fitAddon.fit();xterm.focus();}xterm.open(this.terminal);xterm.onResize(({ cols, rows }) => {socket.send("" + cols + "," + rows)});window.addEventListener(&＃39;resize&＃39;, this.onResize);}componentWillUnmount() {window.removeEventListener(&＃39;resize&＃39;, this.onResize);}onResize = () => {this.fitAddon.fit();}render() {return this.terminal = ref as HTMLDivElement}>