安装oracle11gR2单实例+ASM

安装oracle11gR2单实例+ASM，让新手走向数据库管理员

一、介绍
因业务需要，最近在主系统的基础上搭建一套mini系统，本文只讲ORACLE数据库+ASM磁盘管理工具的安装；
1.服务器系统版本：RHEL5.5x64Bit，kernel2.6.18-194.el5
2.磁盘分区格式：LVM+裸设备
3.ORACLE软件版本：p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64
4.ASM组件版本：oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
二、安装实施准备
1.创建ORACLE用户和组成员

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmdba

groupadd asmoper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid grid

2.分别创建oracle、grid用户的密码
passwd oracle
new unix password:oracle

passwd grid
new unix password:grid

3.磁盘分区
//介绍：本文为项目简化，实际项目磁盘分区为：8块300G15KSAS磁盘（HP388/G82U服务器最多支持8块）；
//前2块做raid1,安装系统包括：/、sawp、boot分区等，可冗余磁盘为:1块；
//后6块做raid5,/u0140GLVM管理安装oracle软件，/u02450GLVM管理，存放arch和RMAN备份等，可冗余磁盘为:1块；
//ASM磁盘组为300G*3，DATA1、DATA2、DATA3存放oracle数据；
//本文分区如下：/u0110G,/u0220G,ASM10G*3DATA1、DATA2、DATA3等；

[root@ctp-dbserver~]#fdisk -l

Disk/dev/sda:80.0GB,80026361856bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,9729cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sda1 1310439183 Linux
/dev/sda2 1413181048241283 Linux
/dev/sda3 131926231048241283 Linux
/dev/sda4 26249729570789455 Extended
/dev/sda5 262439281048238183 Linux
/dev/sda6 392952331048238183 Linux
/dev/sda7 52345755419293382 Linux swap /Solaris
/dev/sda8 57569729319211238eLinuxLVM

说明：/dev/sda235分配为ASM，sda8划分出u01u02
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#pvcreate /dev/sda
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#pvcreate /dev/sda8
Physical volume "/dev/sda8" successfully created
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#vgcreate vg00 /dev/sda8
Volumegroup "vg00" successfully created
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#vgs
/dev/hdb: openfailed: Nomediumfound
VG# PV# LV# SNAttrVSizeVFree
vg00100wz--n-30.44G30.44G
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#lvcreate -L 10G -n lv_u01 /dev/vg00
Logicalvolume"lv_u01"created
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#lvcreate -l 100% FREE -n lv_u02 /dev/vg00  //使用剩余空间创建lv_u02
Logicalvolume "lv_u02" created
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#lvs
LVVGAttrLSizeOriginSnap %MoveLogCopy% Convert
lv_u01vg00-wi-a-10.00G
lv_u02vg00-wi-a-20.44G
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
//格式化lv_u01lv_u02并分别指定（LABEL）要建立的卷标名名称u01和u02
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#mkfs.ext3 -L u01 /dev/vg00/lv_u01
mke2fs1.39(29-May-2006)
Filesystemlabel=u01
OStype:Linux
Blocksize=4096(log=2)
Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)
1310720inodes,2621440blocks
131072blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuser
Firstdatablock=0
Maximumfilesystemblocks=2684354560
80blockgroups
32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup
16384inodespergroup
Superblockbackupsstoredonblocks:
32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736,1605632

Writinginodetables:done
Creatingjournal(32768blocks):done
Writingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:done

Thisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery28mountsor
180days,whichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#mkfs.ext3 -L u02 /dev/vg00/lv_u02
mke2fs1.39(29-May-2006)
Filesystemlabel=u02
OStype:Linux
Blocksize=4096(log=2)
Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)
2681728inodes,5358592blocks
267929blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuser
Firstdatablock=0
Maximumfilesystemblocks=4294967296
164blockgroups
32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup
16352inodespergroup
Superblockbackupsstoredonblocks:
32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736,1605632,2654208,
4096000

Writinginodetables:done
Creatingjournal(32768blocks):done
Writingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:done

Thisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery34mountsor
180days,whichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
//vim编辑磁盘分区挂载文件fstab,添加以下2行；
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#vim /etc/fstab
LABEL=u01/u01ext3defaults11
LABEL=u02/u02ext3defaults11

//创建目录和更改目录属性
mkdir/u0{1,2}
执行mount-a挂载lv_u01和lv_u02
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#df -h
FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
/dev/sda69.7G3.0G6.3G32%/
/dev/sda199M12M83M13%/boot
tmpfs1.9G01.9G0%/dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg00-lv_u01
9.9G151M9.2G2%/u01
/dev/mapper/vg00-lv_u02
21G173M19G1%/u02
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
//创建以下目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
mkdir -p /u02/arch
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01
chmod -R 775 /u02

4.使用oracle用户登陆，设置oracle用户的环境变量
//增加以下几行
[oracle@ctp-dbserver~]$vim .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=zxxj
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.

5.使用grid域名登陆，设置grid用户的环境变量
//增加以下几行
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$vim .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:.
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

6.使用root更改以下几项参数
//具体值要根据实际硬件设置，本参数则先按照原服务器CPU：2颗*8核、32G内存、32Gsawp的配置，如有错误后面再更正；
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

//该参数的大小和物理内存以及在安装oracle的时候SGA占物理内存的40%时的数据直接涉及到sga_max_size的参数的大小。如果设置不恰当很可能导致oracle启动失败，或者在手动：

alter system set sga_max_size = **G scope=spfile;

执行/sbin/sysctl-p使设置立即生效
#sysctl -p

7.修改文件数和安全设置
#vim /etc/security/limits.conf
//增加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240

8.增加session连接限制库
#vim /etc/pam.d/login
//增加以下内容
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

9.修改hosts文件和主机名
#vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.10ctp-dbserver
#vim /etc/sysconfig/network
//修改HOSTNAME，使其永久生效
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=ctp-dbserver
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

10.将必要的安装文件上传至服务器
如:
//oracle用户安装软件，存放/u02下
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
//ASM使用的3个rpm包存放/root下
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
//依赖的rpm包存放/root下，按照实际系统配置决定，有的包已经安装；
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3(32bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-2.5-24(32bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5(32bit)
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106(32bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106(32bit)
libgcc-4.1.2
libgcc-4.1.2(32bit)
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2(32bit)
libstdc++-devel4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.x86_64
sysstat-7.0.2
//可先rpm-qa|grep查找是否有缺失未安装的rpm包
#rpm -ivh *.rpm

三、安装oralce和ASM组件
1.安装ASM
//说明：asm组件的安装需要3个asmrpm包的支持，oracleasmrpm需要和linux系统的内核对应
#uname -ar
2.6.18-194.el5
//oracleasm包要求：
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm//此包必须和linuxkernel一致
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm//此包根据要官网说明
oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm//此包根据要官网说明
//参考：下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html#oracleasm_rhel5_amd64

[root@ctp-dbserver~]#rpm -ivh *.rpm

warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-308.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

   1:oracleasm-support      ########################################### [ 33%]

   2:oracleasm-2.6.18-308.el########################################### [ 67%]

   3:oracleasmlib           ########################################### [100%]

[root@ctp-dbserver~]#

2.配置ASM
root用户登录，（本次安装为单实例），执行：
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
ConfiguringtheOracleASMlibrarydriver.

Thiswillconfiguretheon-bootpropertiesoftheOracleASMlibrary
driver.Thefollowingquestionswilldeterminewhetherthedriveris
loadedonbootandwhatpermissionsitwillhave.Thecurrentvalues
willbeshowninbrackets('[]').Hittingwithouttypingan
answerwillkeepthatcurrentvalue.Ctrl-Cwillabort.

Defaultusertoownthedriverinterface[]:grid

Defaultgrouptoownthedriverinterface[]:asmadmin
StartOracleASMlibrarydriveronboot(y/n)[n]:y
ScanforOracleASMdisksonboot(y/n)[y]:y
WritingOracleASMlibrarydriverconfiguration:done
InitializingtheOracleASMLibdriver:[OK]
ScanningthesystemforOracleASMLibdisks:[OK]
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#

3.创建ASM磁盘
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sda2
Writingdiskheader:done
Instantiatingdisk:done
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#oracleasm createdisk DATA2 /dev/sda3
Writingdiskheader:done
Instantiatingdisk:done
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#oracleasm createdisk DATA3 /dev/sda5
Writingdiskheader:done
Instantiatingdisk:done
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#oracleasm listdisks
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
[root@ctp-dbserver~]#
4.配置xmanager远程连接RHEL5.5
//修改配置defaults.conf文件
//如果只有oralce和grid图形登录只改以下2项即可
#vim /usr/share/gdm/defaults.conf
Enable=true
Port=177
//root登录，还需要
AllowRoot=true
AllowRemoteRoot=root
//修改inittab必须为5级别
#vim /etc/inittab
id:5:initdefault:
//重启gdm
#gdm-restart
//一切OK

9.oracle单实例+ASM的监听
安装好grid后，无论是管理磁盘、磁盘数据、oralce启动与停止、监听等均可由grid来操作；
使用grid用户netca创建监听
不在介绍
四、使用grid用户日常管理ORACLE
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$crs_stat -t
NameTypeTargetStateHost
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dgora....up.type OFFLINEOFFLINE
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.type ONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.asmora.asm.type OFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.cssdora.cssd.type ONLINEOFFLINE
ora.diskmonora....on.type OFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.evmdora.evm.type ONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.onsora.ons.type OFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.zxxj.dbora....se.type OFFLINEOFFLINE
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$crs_stat  //资源项目
NAME=ora.DATA.dg
TYPE=ora.diskgroup.type
TARGET=OFFLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.LISTENER.lsnr
TYPE=ora.listener.type
TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=ONLINEonctp-dbserver

NAME=ora.asm
TYPE=ora.asm.type
TARGET=OFFLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.cssd
TYPE=ora.cssd.type
TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.diskmon
TYPE=ora.diskmon.type
TARGET=OFFLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.evmd
TYPE=ora.evm.type
TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=ONLINEonctp-dbserver

NAME=ora.ons
TYPE=ora.ons.type
TARGET=OFFLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

NAME=ora.zxxj.db
TYPE=ora.database.type
TARGET=OFFLINE
STATE=OFFLINE

[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctl   //管理命令介绍
Usage:srvctl[]
commands:enable|disable|start|stop|status|add|remove|modify|getenv|setenv|unsetenv|config|upgrade
objects:database|service|asm|diskgroup|listener|home|ons
Fordetailedhelponeachcommandandobjectanditsoptionsuse:
srvctl-hor
srvctl-h
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$
2.oracle+asm单实例数据库重启流程
2.1启动
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$crs_stat -t
NameTypeTargetStateHost
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dgora....up.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.asmora.asm.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.cssdora.cssd.typeONLINEOFFLINE
ora.diskmonora....on.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.evmdora.evm.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.onsora.ons.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.zxxj.dbora....se.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctl start asm
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$crs_stat -t
NameTypeTargetStateHost
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dgora....up.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.asmora.asm.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.cssdora.cssd.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.diskmonora....on.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.evmdora.evm.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.onsora.ons.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.zxxj.dbora....se.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
//如果asm磁盘启动以后，asm磁盘组DATA也成功启动，则不用执行
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctlstartdiskgroup-gDATA
//这是如果执行了上述命令，则会显示：
PRCC-1014:DATAwasalreadyrunning
PRCR-1004:Resourceora.DATA.dgisalreadyrunning
PRCR-1079:Failedtostartresourceora.DATA.dg
CRS-5702:Resource'ora.DATA.dg'isalreadyrunningon'ctp-dbserver'
//启动数据库
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctl start database -d zxxj
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$crs_stat -t
NameTypeTargetStateHost
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dgora....up.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.asmora.asm.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.cssdora.cssd.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.diskmonora....on.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.evmdora.evm.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.onsora.ons.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.zxxj.dbora....se.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$
//以上说明启动成功
2.2关闭，操作顺序相反
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctl stop database -d zxxj
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctl stop diskgroup -g DATA
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$srvctl stop asm
[grid@ctp-dbserver~]$crs_stat -t
NameTypeTargetStateHost
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dgora....up.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.asmora.asm.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.cssdora.cssd.typeONLINEOFFLINE
ora.diskmonora....on.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.evmdora.evm.typeONLINEONLINEctp-...rver
ora.onsora.ons.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE
ora.zxxj.dbora....se.typeOFFLINEOFFLINE

五、数据库备份
因为ASM管理的数据直接存储在磁盘上，日常备份一般采用RMAN备份，寒枫后续会介绍oracle11gR2数据库之RMAN备份。

参考文献：ORACLE官网手册、交易系统数据库搭建资料

如查看手册请点击：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e16773/oraclerestart.htm

近期忙于项目，博客已经近半年没有更新了，最近几个月由项目选型到方案设计，由招标文件起草到服务器选型，由服务器进场到系统部署，一步步妥而稳的进行，一天天忙而不乏的学习。终于项目定于11月5日上线，我们执着，我们坚信，我们务实，我们谨慎，预祝项目顺利上线。
寒枫最近太忙了，OCP在忙碌的过程中已经首战告捷，接下来就是沉淀数据管理工作实际经验，当然保证数据的安全是每个数据库管理员的第一个职责。

业余时间，寒枫仍然继续学习oracle这个神圣的机器，让我们学习的思想像DBMS一样有条不絮的运转，未来的道路也渐行渐远。

本文出自 “寒枫” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://linuxxx.blog.51cto.com/1824808/1040165