pythonrequests1hour速成

# coding: utf-8# ## get请求# In[4]:import requests
response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://news.qq.com/&＃39;)
type(response)# In[5]:response.status_code# In[8]:response.text# In[10]:response.COOKIEs# In[12]:response.encoding# In[15]:response.headers# In[21]:# response.json() # json 格式的数据(eg:dict)# In[38]:response.url# In[34]:# 带参数的get 请求
data &＃61; {&＃39;name&＃39; : &＃39;peerslee&＃39;,&＃39;gender&＃39; : &＃39;M&＃39;
}
response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/get&＃39;, params&＃61;data)
response.text# In[35]:# 解析json
response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/get&＃39;)
response.json()# In[37]:# 二进制数据
response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;https://www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png&＃39;)
print(type(response.text), type(response.content))
with open(file&＃61;&＃39;bd_logo.png&＃39;, mode&＃61;&＃39;wb&＃39;) as f:f.write(response.content)# ## post 请求# In[27]:payload &＃61; {&＃39;key1&＃39; : &＃39;value1&＃39;, &＃39;key2&＃39; : &＃39;value2&＃39;}
&＃39;&＃39;&＃39;
User-Agent : 有些服务器或 Proxy 会通过该值来判断是否是浏览器发出的请求
Content-Type : 在使用 REST 接口时&＃xff0c;服务器会检查该值&＃xff0c;用来确定 HTTP Body 中的内容该怎样解析。
application/xml &＃xff1a; 在 XML RPC&＃xff0c;如 RESTful/SOAP 调用时使用
application/json &＃xff1a; 在 JSON RPC 调用时使用
application/x-www-form-urlencoded &＃xff1a; 浏览器提交 Web 表单时使用
使用服务器提供的 RESTful 或 SOAP 服务时: Content-Type 设置错误会导致服务器拒绝服务
&＃39;&＃39;&＃39;
headers &＃61; {&＃39;User-Agent&＃39; : &＃39;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.109 Safari/537.36&＃39;
}
response &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, data&＃61;payload, headers&＃61;headers)
response.text# In[29]:# 一个key 对应多个value
payload &＃61; [(&＃39;key1&＃39;, &＃39;value1&＃39;), (&＃39;key1&＃39;, &＃39;value2&＃39;)]
response &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, data&＃61;payload)
response.text# In[39]:# 传入一个string 而不是 dict
import json
payload &＃61; {&＃39;key&＃39;: &＃39;value&＃39;}
response &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, data&＃61;json.dumps(payload))
response.text# In[53]:# 状态码
&＃39;&＃39;&＃39;
# Informational.100: (&＃39;continue&＃39;,),101: (&＃39;switching_protocols&＃39;,),102: (&＃39;processing&＃39;,),103: (&＃39;checkpoint&＃39;,),122: (&＃39;uri_too_long&＃39;, &＃39;request_uri_too_long&＃39;),200: (&＃39;ok&＃39;, &＃39;okay&＃39;, &＃39;all_ok&＃39;, &＃39;all_okay&＃39;, &＃39;all_good&＃39;, &＃39;\\o/&＃39;, &＃39;✓&＃39;),201: (&＃39;created&＃39;,),202: (&＃39;accepted&＃39;,),203: (&＃39;non_authoritative_info&＃39;, &＃39;non_authoritative_information&＃39;),204: (&＃39;no_content&＃39;,),205: (&＃39;reset_content&＃39;, &＃39;reset&＃39;),206: (&＃39;partial_content&＃39;, &＃39;partial&＃39;),207: (&＃39;multi_status&＃39;, &＃39;multiple_status&＃39;, &＃39;multi_stati&＃39;, &＃39;multiple_stati&＃39;),208: (&＃39;already_reported&＃39;,),226: (&＃39;im_used&＃39;,),# Redirection.300: (&＃39;multiple_choices&＃39;,),301: (&＃39;moved_permanently&＃39;, &＃39;moved&＃39;, &＃39;\\o-&＃39;),302: (&＃39;found&＃39;,),303: (&＃39;see_other&＃39;, &＃39;other&＃39;),304: (&＃39;not_modified&＃39;,),305: (&＃39;use_proxy&＃39;,),306: (&＃39;switch_proxy&＃39;,),307: (&＃39;temporary_redirect&＃39;, &＃39;temporary_moved&＃39;, &＃39;temporary&＃39;),308: (&＃39;permanent_redirect&＃39;,&＃39;resume_incomplete&＃39;, &＃39;resume&＃39;,), # These 2 to be removed in 3.0# Client Error.400: (&＃39;bad_request&＃39;, &＃39;bad&＃39;),401: (&＃39;unauthorized&＃39;,),402: (&＃39;payment_required&＃39;, &＃39;payment&＃39;),403: (&＃39;forbidden&＃39;,),404: (&＃39;not_found&＃39;, &＃39;-o-&＃39;),405: (&＃39;method_not_allowed&＃39;, &＃39;not_allowed&＃39;),406: (&＃39;not_acceptable&＃39;,),407: (&＃39;proxy_authentication_required&＃39;, &＃39;proxy_auth&＃39;, &＃39;proxy_authentication&＃39;),408: (&＃39;request_timeout&＃39;, &＃39;timeout&＃39;),409: (&＃39;conflict&＃39;,),410: (&＃39;gone&＃39;,),411: (&＃39;length_required&＃39;,),412: (&＃39;precondition_failed&＃39;, &＃39;precondition&＃39;),413: (&＃39;request_entity_too_large&＃39;,),414: (&＃39;request_uri_too_large&＃39;,),415: (&＃39;unsupported_media_type&＃39;, &＃39;unsupported_media&＃39;, &＃39;media_type&＃39;),416: (&＃39;requested_range_not_satisfiable&＃39;, &＃39;requested_range&＃39;, &＃39;range_not_satisfiable&＃39;),417: (&＃39;expectation_failed&＃39;,),418: (&＃39;im_a_teapot&＃39;, &＃39;teapot&＃39;, &＃39;i_am_a_teapot&＃39;),421: (&＃39;misdirected_request&＃39;,),422: (&＃39;unprocessable_entity&＃39;, &＃39;unprocessable&＃39;),423: (&＃39;locked&＃39;,),424: (&＃39;failed_dependency&＃39;, &＃39;dependency&＃39;),425: (&＃39;unordered_collection&＃39;, &＃39;unordered&＃39;),426: (&＃39;upgrade_required&＃39;, &＃39;upgrade&＃39;),428: (&＃39;precondition_required&＃39;, &＃39;precondition&＃39;),429: (&＃39;too_many_requests&＃39;, &＃39;too_many&＃39;),431: (&＃39;header_fields_too_large&＃39;, &＃39;fields_too_large&＃39;),444: (&＃39;no_response&＃39;, &＃39;none&＃39;),449: (&＃39;retry_with&＃39;, &＃39;retry&＃39;),450: (&＃39;blocked_by_windows_parental_controls&＃39;, &＃39;parental_controls&＃39;),451: (&＃39;unavailable_for_legal_reasons&＃39;, &＃39;legal_reasons&＃39;),499: (&＃39;client_closed_request&＃39;,),# Server Error.500: (&＃39;internal_server_error&＃39;, &＃39;server_error&＃39;, &＃39;/o\\&＃39;, &＃39;✗&＃39;),501: (&＃39;not_implemented&＃39;,),502: (&＃39;bad_gateway&＃39;,),503: (&＃39;service_unavailable&＃39;, &＃39;unavailable&＃39;),504: (&＃39;gateway_timeout&＃39;,),505: (&＃39;http_version_not_supported&＃39;, &＃39;http_version&＃39;),506: (&＃39;variant_also_negotiates&＃39;,),507: (&＃39;insufficient_storage&＃39;,),509: (&＃39;bandwidth_limit_exceeded&＃39;, &＃39;bandwidth&＃39;),510: (&＃39;not_extended&＃39;,),511: (&＃39;network_authentication_required&＃39;, &＃39;network_auth&＃39;, &＃39;network_authentication&＃39;),
&＃39;&＃39;&＃39;
response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://news.qq.com/&＃39;)
print(response.status_code, requests.codes.ok) if response.status_code &＃61;&＃61; requests.codes.ok else print(&＃39;error&＃39;)# In[76]:response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://www.jianshu.com/xxx&＃39;)
print(response.status_code) if response.status_code &＃61;&＃61; requests.codes.not_found else print(&＃39;error&＃39;)# In[78]:# 上传文件
files &＃61; {&＃39;file&＃39; : open(&＃39;bd_logo.png&＃39;, &＃39;rb&＃39;)}
response &＃61; requests.post(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/post&＃39;, files&＃61;files)
response.text# In[81]:# 会话&＃xff0c;不用维护COOKIE&＃xff0c;headers 等
s &＃61; requests.Session()
s.get(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/COOKIEs/set/number/12.35&＃39;)
s.get(&＃39;http://httpbin.org/COOKIEs&＃39;).text# In[86]:# 证书验证
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings() # 消除warning
response &＃61; requests.get(&＃39;http://www.12306.cn/&＃39;, verify&＃61;False) # 虽然已经没有证书错误&＃xff0c;但是依然拿他举例
response.status_code# ## 高级用法# In[ ]:&＃39;&＃39;&＃39;
1. 代理
2. 超时
3. 认证
4. 异常处理
&＃39;&＃39;&＃39;
见官方api "http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/advanced.html"

官方文档&＃xff1a;高级用法