pythondifference函数_Python数据类型的内置函数之tuple(元组),dict(字典),set(集合)

Python数据类型内置函数

- str(字符串)

- list(列表)

- tuple(元组)

- dict(字典)

- set(收集)

tuple(元组)的操作

- (count)统计元组中元素出现的次数&＃xff0c;返回统计值

1 #统计元组中指定元素出现的次数&＃xff0c;返回出现次数的值

2 tpe_1 &＃61; (2,3,4,2,5,6,2,7)3 tpe_2 &＃61; tpe_1.count(2)4

5 print(tpe_2)6 #执行结果

7 3

- (index)指定元组的值找出它的索引&＃xff0c;返回索引的值

1 #找出元组中指定的值的索引&＃xff0c;返回索引

2 tpe_1 &＃61; (3,5,1,7,4,1)3 tpe_2 &＃61; tpe_1.index(1)4 tpe_3 &＃61; tpe_1.index(1,3,6)5

6 print(tpe_2)7 #执行结果

8 2

9

10 print(tpe_3)11 #执行结果

12 5

dict(字典)的操作

- (clear)对字典中的内容进行清除&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #对字典中的内容进行清除,返回None

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61;dct_1.clear()4

5 print(dct_1)6 #执行结果

7 {}8

9 print(dct_2)10 #执行结果

11 None

- (copy)创建一块新的内存地址进行赋值&＃xff0c;返回集合

1 #对字典进行拷贝&＃xff0c;创建一个新的地址内存进行赋值

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3

4 print(id(dct_1))5 #执行结果

6 3084069826424

7

8 dct_2 &＃61;dct_1.copy()9

10 print(id(dct_2))11 #执行结果

12 3084069854448

13

14 print(dct_2)15 #执行结果

16 {&＃39;a&＃39;: 1, &＃39;b&＃39;: 2, &＃39;c&＃39;: 3}

- (get)指定字典的键&＃xff0c;返回它的值&＃xff0c;如果没有这个键返回None或你设置了它的值&＃xff0c;则返回值

1 #指定字典的键&＃xff0c;返回值

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61; dct_1.get(&＃39;a&＃39;)4 dct_3 &＃61; dct_1.get(&＃39;d&＃39;,4)5 dct_4 &＃61; dct_1.get(&＃39;d&＃39;)6

7 print(dct_2)8 #执行结果

9 1

10

11 print(dct_3)12 #执行结果

13 4

14

15 print(dct_4)16 #执行结果

17 None

- (items)使字典以元组的形式遍历

1 #将字典转化为元组形式遍历

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61;dct_1.items()4

5 print(dct_1)6 #执行结果

7 {&＃39;a&＃39;: 1, &＃39;b&＃39;: 2, &＃39;c&＃39;: 3}8

9 print(dct_2)10 #执行结果

11 dict_items([(&＃39;a&＃39;, 1), (&＃39;b&＃39;, 2), (&＃39;c&＃39;, 3)])12

13 #直接循环打印出键和值

14 for k,v indct_1.items():15 print(k,v)16 #执行结果

17 a 1

18 b 2

19 c 3

20

21 #以元组形式打印出键和值

22 for i indct_1.items():23 print(i)24 #执行结果

25 (&＃39;a&＃39;, 1)26 (&＃39;b&＃39;, 2)27 (&＃39;c&＃39;, 3)

- (keys)字典中所有的键返回

1 #字典中所有的键返回

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61;dct_1.keys()4

5 print(dct_2)6 #执行结果

7 dict_keys([&＃39;a&＃39;, &＃39;b&＃39;, &＃39;c&＃39;])

- (pop)删除一个键返回他值&＃xff0c;如果没有这个键就要设置它的值&＃xff0c;返回它的值&＃xff0c;如果不设置报错

1 #删除一个键&＃xff0c;返回这个键的值也可以字设置值,如果没有这个键必须设置值&＃xff0c;如果没有&＃xff0c;默认报错

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61; dct_1.pop(&＃39;a&＃39;)4

5 print(dct_2)6 #执行结果

7 1

8

9 print(dct_1)10 #执行结果

11 {&＃39;b&＃39;: 2, &＃39;c&＃39;: 3}12

13 #dct_3 &＃61; dct_1.pop(&＃39;a&＃39;)

14 dct_4 &＃61; dct_1.pop(&＃39;a&＃39;,6)15

16 print(dct_3)17 #执行结果

18 KeyError19

20 print(dct_4)21 #执行结果

22 6

23

24 dct_5 &＃61; dct_1.pop(&＃39;d&＃39;,5)25

26 print(dct_5)27 #执行结果

28 5

- (popitem)删除字典最后一对键值&＃xff0c;返回删除的键值对以元组形式的返回

1 #删除字典中的键值&＃xff0c;以元组形式返回键值

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61;dct_1.popitem()4

5 print(dct_2)6 #执行结果

7 (&＃39;c&＃39;, 3)

-  新增字典的键和值&＃xff0c;返回值&＃xff0c;如果只设置键没有设定值&＃xff0c;则返回None

1 #在字典中新增的键值,返回值&＃xff0c;如果没有设键&＃xff0c;返回None

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61; dct_1.setdefault(&＃39;d&＃39;,4)4 dct_3 &＃61; dct_1.setdefault(&＃39;e&＃39;)5

6 print(dct_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;a&＃39;: 1, &＃39;b&＃39;: 2, &＃39;c&＃39;: 3, &＃39;d&＃39;: 4, &＃39;e&＃39;: None}9

10 print(dct_2)11 #执行结果

12 4

13

14 print(dct_3)15 #执行结果

16 None

- (update)修改字典中的键值&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #修改字典中的键和值&＃xff0c;返回None

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61; dct_1.update({&＃39;a&＃39;:9,&＃39;b&＃39;:6,&＃39;c&＃39;:2,&＃39;d&＃39;:4})4

5 print(dct_1)6 #执行结果

7 {&＃39;a&＃39;: 9, &＃39;b&＃39;: 6, &＃39;c&＃39;: 2, &＃39;d&＃39;: 4}8

9 print(dct_2)10 #执行结果

11 None

- (values)返回字典中所有的值

1 #返回字典中所有的值

2 dct_1 &＃61; {&＃39;a&＃39;:1,&＃39;b&＃39;:2,&＃39;c&＃39;:3}3 dct_2 &＃61;dct_1.values()4

5 print(dct_2)6 #执行结果

7 dict_values([1, 2, 3])

set(集合)的操作

- (add)在集合末尾添加新的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #在集合内添加元素&＃xff0c;如果添加重复则不显示

2 st_1 &＃61; {1,2,3,4,5}3 st_2 &＃61;st_1.add(0)4 st_3 &＃61; st_1.add(9)5

6 print(st)7 #执行结果

8 {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9}9

10 print(st_2)11 #执行结果

12 None

-  (clear)集合内的元素全部清除&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #清除集合内的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {"one","strip",9}3 st_2 &＃61;st_1.clear()4

5 print(st_1)6 #执行结果

7 set()8

9 print(st_2)10 #执行结果

11 None

- (copy)创建一个新的内存地址进行赋值&＃xff0c;返回集合

1 #复制一个集合创意新的内存地址&＃xff0c;返回集合

2 st_1 &＃61; {"practice","default"}3 st_2 &＃61;st_1.copy()4

5 print(st_2)6 #执行结果

7 {&＃39;practice&＃39;, &＃39;default&＃39;}

- (difference)集合差集&＃xff0c;返回集合一在集合二中不一致的元素

1 #集合中的差集,返回集合一存在集合二不存在的元素

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.difference(st_2)5

6 print(st_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;services&＃39;, &＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;strip&＃39;, &＃39;practice&＃39;}9

10 print(st_3)11 #执行结果

12 {&＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;strip&＃39;}

- (difference_update)集合差集&＃xff0c;删除集合一在集合二中不一致的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #集合中的差集,返回集合一在集合二中不一致的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.difference_update(st_2)5

6 print(st_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;strip&＃39;}9

10 print(st_3)11 #执行结果

12 None

-  (discard)删除集合中指定的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #删除集合中指定的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {28,36,21,"fast","split"}3 st_2 &＃61; st_1.discard(21)4

5 print(st_1)6 #执行结果

7 {36, &＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;split&＃39;, 28}8

9 st_3 &＃61; st_1.discard("fast")10

11 print(st_1)12 #执行结果

13 {36, &＃39;split&＃39;, 28}14

15 print(st_2)16 #执行结果

17 None

- (intersection)交叉&＃xff0c;返回集合中共有的元素

1 #交叉&＃xff0c;返回集合中共有的元素

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast","over"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.intersection(st_2)5

6 print(st_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;services&＃39;, &＃39;over&＃39;, &＃39;practice&＃39;, &＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;strip&＃39;}9

10 print(st_3)11 #执行结果

12 {&＃39;services&＃39;, &＃39;over&＃39;, &＃39;practice&＃39;}

- (intersection_update)交叉集合中共有的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #交叉集合中共有的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast","over"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.intersection_update(st_2)5

6 print(st_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;services&＃39;, &＃39;over&＃39;, &＃39;practice&＃39;}9

10 print(st_3)11 #执行结果

12 None

- (isdisjoint)两个集合交叉&＃xff0c;如果没有共同的元素返回Ture&＃xff0c;有共同元素返回False

1 #两个集合具有空交集,没有返回Ture&＃xff0c;有相同元素返回False

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast","over"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.isdisjoint(st_2)5

6 print(st_3)7 #执行结果

8 False9

10 st_4 &＃61; {99,"difference"}11 st_5 &＃61; {"analysis","design","Implementation"}12 st_6 &＃61;st_4.isdisjoint(st_5)13

14 print(st_6)15 #执行结果

16 Ture

- (issubset)判断集合一中的所有元素是否在指定集合内&＃xff0c;返回布尔值

1 #判断集合1中所有元素是否包含在指定集合中&＃xff0c;如果是返回Ture&＃xff0c;否则返回False

2 st_1 &＃61; {1,2,3,4,5}3 st_2 &＃61; {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.issubset(st_2)5

6 print(st_3)7 #执行结果

8 Ture9

10 st_4 &＃61; {1,2,3,4,5}11 st_5 &＃61; {1,2,3,6,7,8}12 st_6 &＃61;st_4.issubset(st_5)13 print(st_6)14 #执行结果

15 False

- (issuperset)判断指定集合有没有在集合一中&＃xff0c;返回布尔值

#判断集合中指定的集合是否在集合1中&＃xff0c;返回布尔值

st_1 &＃61; {1,2,3,4,5}

st_2&＃61; {1,2,3}

st_3&＃61;st_1.issuperset(st_2)print(st_3)#执行结果

Ture

st_4&＃61; {1,2,3,4,5}

st_5&＃61; {1,2,3,6}

st_6&＃61;st_4.issuperset(st_5)print(st_6)#执行结果

False

- (pop)随机删除指定集合内的元素&＃xff0c;返回值

1 #随机删除集合中一个元素&＃xff0c;返回删除元素

2 st_1 &＃61; {"super","subset","isdisjoint"}3 st_2 &＃61;st_1.pop()4

5 print(st_1)6 #执行结果

7 {&＃39;subset&＃39;, &＃39;spuer&＃39;}8

9 print(st_2)10 #执行结果

11 isdisjoint

- (remove)删除集合内指定的成员&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #指定删除一个集合中的成员,返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {"super","subset","isdisjoint"}3 st_2 &＃61; st_1.remove("isdisjoint")4

5 print(st_1)6 #执行结果

7 {&＃39;subset&＃39;, &＃39;super&＃39;}8

9 print(st_2)10 #执行结果

11 None

- (symmetric_difference)返回差集中不重复的元素

1 #指定集合&＃xff0c;返回两个集合中不重复的元素&＃xff0c;将重复的删除

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast","over"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.symmetric_difference(st_2)5

6

7 print(st_3)8 #执行结果

9 {&＃39;split&＃39;, &＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;strip&＃39;}

- (symmetric_difference)差集中不重复的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #两个集合中不重复的元素&＃xff0c;返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {"services","practice","strip","fast","over"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"split","practice","services","over"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.symmetric_difference_update(st_2)5

6 print(st_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;fast&＃39;, &＃39;strip&＃39;, &＃39;split&＃39;}9

10 print(st_3)11 #执行结果

12 None

- (union)合并两个集合将重复的元素删除&＃xff0c;返回集合

1 #合并两个集合重复的删除&＃xff0c;返回并集

2 st_1 &＃61; {"union","analysis","design"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"cherry","union","design","analysis"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.union(st_2)5

6

7 print(st_3)8 #执行结果

9 {&＃39;design&＃39;, &＃39;analysis&＃39;, &＃39;cherry&＃39;, &＃39;union&＃39;}

- (union_update)将两个集合重复的元素删除&＃xff0c;返回None

1 #合并两个集合重复的删除&＃xff0c;返回None

2 st_1 &＃61; {"union","analysis","design"}3 st_2 &＃61; {"cherry","union","design","analysis"}4 st_3 &＃61;st_1.update(st_2)5

6 print(st_1)7 #执行结果

8 {&＃39;design&＃39;, &＃39;analysis&＃39;, &＃39;cherry&＃39;, &＃39;union&＃39;}9

10 print(st_3)11 #执行结果

12 None