PyQt5简易对话框

简介

简易对话框是一种常用的交互方式，主要用于收集用户的简单输入或确认信息。在PyQt5中，简易对话框可以通过简单的API调用来实现，无需编写复杂的逻辑代码。这种对话框通常包含一个或多个窗口部件，如文本框、复选框等，并提供“确定”和“取消”按钮供用户操作。

简易对话框的主要特点包括：

- 对话框调用者负责初始化和获取窗口部件的值。

- 不直接处理窗口部件中的数据编辑和显示。

- 通常不执行复杂的窗体验证，仅提供基本的验证功能。

- 是模态对话框，用户必须关闭对话框才能继续操作主程序。

简易对话框的优点在于其简洁性和易用性，但缺点是代码与用户界面紧密耦合，难以实现复杂的验证逻辑，且重复使用时不如标准对话框灵活。

布局管理

在PyQt5中，布局管理是组织窗口部件的关键。以下是一些常用的布局方法：

源代码示例

import sys
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class PenPropertiesDlg(QDialog):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):

        super().__init__(parent)

        widthLabel = QLabel("&Width:")
        self.widthSpinBox = QSpinBox()
        widthLabel.setBuddy(self.widthSpinBox)
        self.widthSpinBox.setAlignment(Qt.AlignRight | Qt.AlignVCenter)
        self.widthSpinBox.setRange(0, 24)
        self.beveledCheckBox = QCheckBox("&Beveled edges")

        styleLabel = QLabel('&Style:')
        self.styleComboBox = QComboBox()
        styleLabel.setBuddy(self.styleComboBox)
        self.styleComboBox.addItems(["Solid", "Dashed", "Dotted", "DashDotted", "DashDotDotted"])
        okButton = QPushButton("&OK")
        cancelButton = QPushButton("Cancel")

        buttOnLayout= QHBoxLayout()
        buttonLayout.addStretch()
        buttonLayout.addWidget(okButton)
        buttonLayout.addWidget(cancelButton)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        layout.addWidget(widthLabel, 0, 0)
        layout.addWidget(self.widthSpinBox, 0, 1)
        layout.addWidget(self.beveledCheckBox, 0, 2)
        layout.addWidget(styleLabel, 1, 0)
        layout.addWidget(self.styleComboBox, 1, 1, 1, 2)
        layout.addLayout(buttonLayout, 2, 0, 1, 3)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        okButton.clicked.connect(self.accept)
        cancelButton.clicked.connect(self.reject)
        self.setWindowTitle("Pen Properties")


class Form(QDialog):

    def __init__(self):

        super().__init__()

        self.width = 1
        self.beveled = False
        self.style = "Solid"

        penButtOnInline= QPushButton("Set Pen... (Dumb & Inline)")
        penButton = QPushButton("Set Pen... (Dumb & Class)")
        self.label = QLabel("The Pen has not been set")
        self.label.setTextFormat(Qt.RichText)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(penButtonInline)
        layout.addWidget(penButton)
        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        self.setLayout(layout)

        penButtonInline.clicked.connect(self.setPenInline)
        penButton.clicked.connect(self.setPenProperties)

        self.setWindowTitle("Pen")
        self.updateData()

    def updateData(self):

        bevel = ""
        if self.beveled:
            bevel = "
Beveled"
        self.label.setText(f"Width = {self.width} 
Style = {self.style}{bevel}")

    def setPenInline(self):

        widthLabel = QLabel("&Width:")
        widthSpinBox = QSpinBox()
        widthLabel.setBuddy(widthSpinBox)
        widthSpinBox.setAlignment(Qt.AlignRight)
        widthSpinBox.setRange(0, 24)
        widthSpinBox.setValue(self.width)

        beveledCheckBox = QCheckBox("&Beveled edges")
        beveledCheckBox.setChecked(self.beveled)

        styleLabel = QLabel("&Style:")
        styleComboBox = QComboBox()
        styleLabel.setBuddy(styleComboBox)
        styleComboBox.addItems(["Solid", "Dashed", "Dotted", "DashDotted", "DashDotDotted"])
        styleComboBox.setCurrentIndex(styleComboBox.findText(self.style))

        okButton = QPushButton("&OK")
        cancelButton = QPushButton("Cancel")

        buttOnLayout= QHBoxLayout()
        buttonLayout.addStretch()
        buttonLayout.addWidget(okButton)
        buttonLayout.addWidget(cancelButton)

        layout = QGridLayout()
        layout.addWidget(widthLabel, 0, 0)
        layout.addWidget(widthSpinBox, 0, 1)
        layout.addWidget(beveledCheckBox, 0, 2)
        layout.addWidget(styleLabel, 1, 0)
        layout.addWidget(styleComboBox, 1, 1, 1, 2)
        layout.addLayout(buttonLayout, 2, 0, 1, 3)

        form = QDialog()
        form.setLayout(layout)

        okButton.clicked.connect(form.accept)
        cancelButton.clicked.connect(form.reject)
        form.setWindowTitle("Pen Properties")

        if form.exec_():
            self.width = widthSpinBox.value()
            self.beveled = beveledCheckBox.isChecked()
            self.style = styleComboBox.currentText()
            self.updateData()

    def setPenProperties(self):

        dialog = PenPropertiesDlg(self)
        dialog.widthSpinBox.setValue(self.width)
        dialog.beveledCheckBox.setChecked(self.beveled)
        dialog.styleComboBox.setCurrentIndex(dialog.styleComboBox.findText(self.style))

        if dialog.exec_():
            self.width = dialog.widthSpinBox.value()
            self.beveled = dialog.beveledCheckBox.isChecked()
            self.style = dialog.styleComboBox.currentText()
            self.updateData()

if __name__ == "__main__":

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    form = Form()
    form.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())