Sqoop的安装与使用

1.什么是Sqoop

Sqoop即 SQL to Hadoop ，是一款方便的在传统型数据库与Hadoop之间进行数据迁移的工具，充分利用MapReduce并行特点以批处理的方式加快数据传输，发展至今主要演化了二大版本，Sqoop1和Sqoop2。

Sqoop工具是hadoop下连接关系型数据库和Hadoop的桥梁，支持关系型数据库和hive、hdfs，hbase之间数据的相互导入，可以使用全表导入和增量导入。

那么为什么选择Sqoop呢？

高效可控的利用资源，任务并行度，超时时间。 数据类型映射与转化，可自动进行，用户也可自定义 支持多种主流数据库，MySQL,Oracle，SQL Server，DB2等等 

2.Sqoop1和Sqoop2对比的异同之处

两个不同的版本，完全不兼容 版本号划分区别，Apache版本：1.4.x(Sqoop1); 1.99.x(Sqoop2)    CDH版本 : Sqoop-1.4.3-cdh4(Sqoop1) ; Sqoop2-1.99.2-cdh4.5.0 (Sqoop2)Sqoop2比Sqoop1的改进 引入Sqoop server，集中化管理connector等 多种访问方式：CLI,Web UI，REST API 引入基于角色的安全机制 

3.Sqoop1与Sqoop2的架构图

Sqoop架构图1

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Sqoop架构图2

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4.Sqoop1与Sqoop2的优缺点

5.Sqoop1的安装部署

5.0 安装环境

hadoop：hadoop-2.3.0-cdh5.1.2

sqoop：sqoop-1.4.4-cdh5.1.2

5.1 下载安装包及解压

tar -zxvf  sqoop-1.4.4-cdh5.1.2.tar.gz

ln -s sqoop-1.4.4-cdh5.1.2  sqoop

5.2 配置环境变量和配置文件

cd sqoop/conf/

cat  sqoop-env-template.sh  >> sqoop-env.sh

vi sqoop-env.sh

在sqoop-env.sh中添加如下代码

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# included in all the hadoop scripts with source command
# should not be executable directly
# also should not be passed any arguments, since we need original $*

# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.

#Set path to where bin/hadoop is available
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop

#Set path to where hadoop-*-core.jar is available
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop

#set the path to where bin/hbase is available
export HBASE_HOME=/home/hadoop/hbase

#Set the path to where bin/hive is available
export HIVE_HOME=/home/hadoop/hive

#Set the path for where zookeper config dir is
export ZOOCFGDIR=/home/hadoop/zookeeper

该配置文件中只有HADOOP_COMMON_HOME的配置是必须的 另外关于hbase和hive的配置 如果用到需要配置 不用的话就不用配置

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