drf框架概况接口概念resful接口规范Postman接口请求工具drf请求生命周期

"""
1、接口：什么是接口、restful接口规范
2、CBV生命周期源码-基于restful规范下的CBV接口
3、请求组件、解析组件、响应组件
4、序列化组件（灵魂）
5、三大认证（重点）：认证、权限（权限六表）、频率
6、其他组件：过滤、筛选、排序、分页、路由
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"""

api.baidu.com | www.baidu.com/api

api/.baidu.com/v1.... | api.baidu.com/v2/...

/books get 获取所有
/books post 增加一个（多个）
/books（pk） delete 删除一个
/books(pk) put 整体更新一个
/books(pk) patch 局部更新一个

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
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urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘,admin.site.urls),
# 路由的分发
url(r‘^api/‘,include(‘api.urls‘))
]

from django.conf.urls import url
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from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^books/‘,views.Book.as_view()),
url(r‘^books/(?p.*)/$‘,views.Book.as_view()),
]

from django.db import models
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class Book(models.Models):
title = models.CharField(max_lenght=64)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digites=5,decimal_places=2)

class Meta:
db_table = ‘old_boy_book‘
verbose_name = ‘书籍‘
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

def _str_(self):
return ‘《%s》‘% self.title

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.Book)

>: python manage.py makemigrations
>: python manage.py migrrate
>: python manage.py createsuperuser

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views import View
from . import models
# 六大基础接口：获取一个 获取所有 增加一个 删除一个 整体更新一个 局部更新一个
# 十大接口：群增 群删 整体改群改 局部改群改
class Book(View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘)
if not pk: # 群查
# 操作数据库
book_obj_list = models.Book.objects.all()
# 序列化过程
book_list = []
for obj in book_obj_list:
dic = {}
dic[‘title‘] = obj.title
dic[‘price‘] = obj.price
book_list.append(dic)
# 响应数据
return JsonResponse({
‘status‘: 0,
‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
‘results‘: book_list
}, json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii‘: False})
else: # 单查
book_dic = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).values(‘title‘, ‘price‘).first()
if book_dic:
return JsonResponse({
‘status‘: 0,
‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
‘results‘: book_dic
}, json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii‘: False})
return JsonResponse({
‘status‘: 2,
‘msg‘: ‘无结果‘,
}, json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii‘: False})
# postman可以完成不同方式的请求：get | post | put ...
# postman发送数据包有三种方式：form-data | urlencoding | json
# 原生django对urlencoding方式数据兼容最好
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 前台通过urlencoding方式提交数据
try:
book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(**request.POST.dict())
if book_obj:
return JsonResponse({
‘status‘: 0,
‘msg‘: ‘ok‘,
‘results‘: {‘title‘: book_obj.title, ‘price‘: book_obj.price}
}, json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii‘: False})
except:
return JsonResponse({
‘status‘: 1,
‘msg‘: ‘参数有误‘,
}, json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii‘: False})
return JsonResponse({
‘status‘: 2,
‘msg‘: ‘新增失败‘,
}, json_dumps_params={‘ensure_ascii‘: False})

>: pip3 install djangorestframework

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.serializers import Serializer
from rest_framework.settings import APISettings
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
from rest_framework.authentication import TokenAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class Test(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(‘drf get ok‘)

"""
1) 请求走的是APIView的as_view函数
2) 在APIView的as_view调用父类(django原生)的as_view，还禁用了 csrf 认证
3) 在父类的as_view中dispatch方法请求走的又是APIView的dispatch
4) 完成任务方法交给视图类的请求函数处理，得到请求的响应结果，返回给前台
"""

"""
# 二次封装得到def的request对象
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs) 点进去
# 在rest_framework.request.Request实例化方法中
self._request = request 将原生request作为新request的_request属性
# 在rest_framework.request.Request的__getattr__方法中
try:
return getattr(self._request, attr) # 访问属性完全兼容原生request
except AttributeError:
return self.__getattribute__(attr)
"""

# 1) drf 对原生request做了二次封装，request._request就是原生request

# 2) 原生request对象的属性和方法都可以被drf的request对象直接访问(兼容)

# 3) drf请求的所有url拼接参数均被解析到query_params中，所有数据包数据都被解析到data中

class Test(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# url拼接的参数
print(request._request.GET) # 二次封装方式
print(request.GET) # 兼容
print(request.query_params) # 拓展
return Response(‘drf get ok‘)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 所有请求方式携带的数据包
print(request._request.POST) # 二次封装方式
print(request.POST) # 兼容
print(request.data) # 拓展，兼容性最强，三种数据方式都可以
print(request.query_params)
return Response(‘drf post ok‘)

APIView类的dispatch方法中：self.respOnse= self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)

"""
# 最后解析reponse对象数据
self.respOnse= self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs) 点进去
# 拿到运行的解析类的对象们
neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request, force=True) 点进去
# 获得解析类对象
renderers = self.get_renderers() 点进去
# 从视图类中得到renderer_classes请求类，如何实例化一个个对象形参解析类对象列表
return [renderer() for renderer in self.renderer_classes]
# 重点：self.renderer_classes获取renderer_classes的顺序
# 自己视图类的类属性(局部配置) =>
# APIView类的类属性设置 =>
# 自己配置文件的DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES(全局配置) =>
# drf配置文件的DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES
"""

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# drf提供的渲染类
‘DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES‘: [
‘rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer‘,
‘rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer‘,
],
}

class Test(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(‘drf get ok‘)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(‘drf post ok‘)
# 在setting.py中配置REST_FRAMEWORK，完成的是全局配置，所有接口统一处理
# 如果只有部分接口特殊化，可以完成 - 局部配置
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
class Test2(APIView):
# 局部配置
renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(‘drf get ok 2‘)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response(‘drf post ok 2‘)