故障判断及排除(Troubleshooting)
这里415 unsupported media type我们介绍在
使用路由器时可能
出现的硬件,软件问
题;在联网过程中,如
X.25,FR, DDN,
DDR, TCP/IP,
与IBM大型主机互连
等不同网络环境碰到
的问题及解决办法.
Troubleshooting的工具
TCP/IP连接的Troubleshooting
串口连接遇到问题的Troubleshooting
电话拨号连接的Troubleshooting
帧中继连接的Troubleshooting
X.25连接的Troubleshooting
与IBM主机连接的Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting的工具
Troubleshooting的工具有许多种,可以用路由器的诊断命令,Cisco网络管理工具(CiscoWorks)和
规程分析仪等等方法.下面415 unsupported media type我们主要介绍路由器的诊断命令.
路由器诊断命令有四种:
用 show 命令
用 debug 命令
用 ping 命令
用 trace 命令
用 show 命令
Show是一个很有用的监控命令和解决系统出现问题的工具.下面是几个通常用到的show命令:
show interface---显示接口统计信息.
一些常用的show interface命令:
show interface ethernet
show interface tokenring
show interface serial
show controllers---显示接口卡控制器统计信息.
一些常用的show controllers命令:
show controllers cxbus
show controllers e1
show running-config---显示当前路由器正在运行的配置.
show startup-config---显示存在NVRAM配置.
show flash---Flash memory内容.
show buffers---显示路由器中buffer pools统计信息.
show memory---路由器使用内存情况的统计信息,包括空闲池统计信息.
show processes---路由器活动进程信息.
show version---显示系统硬件,软件版本,配置文件和启动的系统映象.
用 debug 命令
在超级用户模式下的debug命令能够提供端口传输信息,节点产生的错误消息,诊断协议包和其它
有用的troubleshooting数据.
注意:使用debug命令要注意,它会占用系统资源,引起一些不可预测现象.终止使用debug命
令请用no debug all命令.
Debug命令默认是显示在控制台端口上的,可用log buffer命令把输出定向到buffers里面.若是
telnet过去的,可用Router#terminal monitor监控到控制台信息.
用ping命令
Ping确定网络连通.
用 trace 命令
Trace命令跟踪路由器包传输.
TCP/IP连接的Troubleshooting
现象:主机到本地路由器的以太口不通
建议:415 unsupported media type我们可以把路由器的以太网口看作是普通主机的以太网卡,这就成了一个局域网连接问题,
1.用show interface ethernet number命令
Router#show interface ethernet 0
Ethernet is up,line protocol is down
2.若Ethernet is down,请把线缆(同轴线缆或双绞线)接上.若已接上,ethernet依然是down,请
找415 unsupported media type你的代理联系.
3.若Ethernet is admsinstratively down.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#interface ethernet 0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#
4.若Ethernet is up,而line protocol is down.
主机10M网卡接到路由器100M的以太口上面,它不是自适应的(目前版本).反之无问题.
若是同轴线缆请检查线缆,T型头,终结器,是否连接正确.
若是双绞线请检查线缆是否正确,中间是否通过HUB连接,若是直连主机要用交叉线.
若是100BaseTX接口,需要用五类双绞线.
若是一个接口提供两种物理介质,如粗缆AUI和UTPRJ45,默认为AUI的.要用RJ45需要:
Router#conf t
Router(config)#interface ethernet 0
Router(config-if)#media-type 10baset
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#
5.若Ethernet is up,line protocol is up;但ping不通.
请查看路由器以太口的IP地址,是否与主机IP地址在同一个网段上.
6.经过以上几个步骤,问题仍未解决,请找415 unsupported media type你的代理联系.
现象:主机到对方路由器广域网口或以太网口不通.
建议:假设主机到本地路由器的以太口已通.
1.在路由器上检查两个广域网口之间是否通,若不通,请看下面关于广域网的troubleshooting.
2.若路由器两个广域网口之间是通的.
在主机上用"netstat -rn"命令查找路由,若没有请用"route add"加入.
以SCO UNIX为例:
#netstat -rn
#route add 目的网段 掩码 网关 1
或
#vi /etc/gateways
net 目的网段 gateway 本地路由器以太口地址 metric 1 passive
3.若主机上有默认网关,检查路由器路由协议配置.
Router#show ip route
Router#show running-config
router eigrp 1
network ...
network ...
两端路由器配置路由协议是否一致,是否在一个自治系统里面."network"加入的网段是否正
确.
现象:主机到对方目的主机不通.
建议:按以下步骤解决.
1.检查主机到本地路由器的以太口.
2.检查两个广域网口.
3.检查主机到对方路由器广域网口.
4.检查主机到对方路由器以太网口.
可用telnet命令远程登录到对方路由器上,按检查本地主机到本地路由器的以太口的方法检
查对方局域网连接情况.
5.重复3和4,检查对方到本地情况.
6.经过以上几个步骤,问题仍未解决,请找415 unsupported media type你的代理联系.
串口连接遇到问题的Troubleshooting
现象:在专线连接时,路由器直连的两个广域网口间不通.
建议:415 unsupported media type我们可以把两个路由器广域网口之间分成三段,如图所示:
路由器A--1---MODEMA----2----MODEMB--3--路由器B
415 unsupported media type我们的任务就是要检查出是哪一段不通并解决它.
1.用show interface serial number命令
2.若是Serial is down,表示路由器到本地的MODEM之间无载波信号CD.
连接串口和MODEM,开启MODEM.看MODEM的发送灯TD是否亮,TD灯亮表示路由器有信号发送给
MODEM.TD灯若不亮,请检查MODEM,线缆(最好用Cisco所配的)和端口.415 unsupported media type你可以用另外一个串口
再试试看.
3.若Serial is up,但line protocol is down.有几种可能:
a.本地路由器未作配置.
b.远端路由器未开或未配置.
路由器两端需要配置相同的协议打包方式.例如:路由器A打包HDLC,路由器B打包PPP,那么两
台路由器的line protocol始终是down的.改变打包方式:
Router#conf t
Router(config)#interface serial 0
Router(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#
c.若是使用Newbridge的26XX,27XX的DTU设备,它不发送CD信号,请在路由器上设置:
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#int serial 0
Router(config-if)#ignored-dcd
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#
d.MODEM之间没通,即专线没通.
解决办法:作测试环路.请电信局帮助确定具体出现问题是哪一段线路.若作环路成功,line
protocol会变成up(looped).
4.若Serial is up,但line protocol is up(looped).
用show running-config看看端口是否作415 unsupported media type了loopback配置,若有删调它.
MODEM是否作415 unsupported media type了环路测试.
专线是否作415 unsupported media type了环路测试.
5.若Serial is admsinstratively down,line protocol is down.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#interface serial 0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#
电话拨号连接的Troubleshooting
要解决用电话拨号网连接出现的问题,首先要:
确定路由器与MODEM之间已连接
明白show line输出的含义
确定路由器与MODEM之间已连接
415 unsupported media type我们在路由器上用反Telnet(Reverse Telnet Session)到MODEM,来确定路由器与MODEM之间的连
接.也就是说,反向登录到MODEM上面可对它用AT指令作配置.具体步骤如下:
1.在路由器控制台上,用命令
telnet ip-address 20yy
其中 ip-address 是一个活动端口的地址, yy 是连接MODEM的line线.例如,下面例子是用IP
地址192.169.53.52连接到辅助口上:
telnet 192.169.53.52 2001
2.如果连接被拒绝,可能有其它用户连接在该口上.用show users EXEC命令决定是否被占用,
若是,clear line清除它;若没有,重试反Telnet.
3.如果连接仍被拒绝,确认MODEM控制modem inout.
4.确定路由器txspeed和rxspeed与MODEM设置的数率一致.
5.反Telnet登录成功后,AT命令确定应答OK.
明白show line输出的含义
Show line line-number EXEC是非常有用的trobbleshooting命令.
现象:MODEM和路由器间无连接.试用反登录无反应或用户收到"Connection Refused by
Foreign Host"信息.
建议:
1.用show line看MODEM一栏是否是"inout",若不是,在路由器上:
Router#conf t
Router(config)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)#modem inout
Router(config-line)#^Z
Router#
2.确定正确的线缆.
3.硬件问题,请与415 unsupported media type你的代理联系.
现象:MODEM不拨号.
建议:MODEM不拨号,排除掉硬件,线缆的可能,就是:
1.不感兴趣的包.用show running-config检查路由器配置,是否设置415 unsupported media type了dialer-list截段了
415 unsupported media type你想传送的包,若是请重新配置access-list表.
2.Chat script配置错误.打开debug信息.
Router#debug dialer
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to down
Async1: re-enable timeout
Async1: sending broadcast to default destination get_free_dialer: faking it
Async1: Dialing cause: Async1: ip PERMIT
Async1:No holdq created - not configured
Async1: Attempting to dial 8292
CHAT1: Attempting async line dialer script
CHAT1: Dialing using Modem script: backup & System script: none -- failed, not connected
CHAT1: process started
CHAT1: Asserting DTR
CHAT1: Chat script backup started
CHAT1: Expecting string:
Async1: sending broadcast to default destination -- failed, not connected
CHAT1: Timeout expecting:
CHAT1: Chat script backup finished, status = Connection timed out; remote host not responding
Async1: disconnecting call
帧中继连接的Troubleshooting
1.用show interface serial查看interface和line protocol是否up.确定连接的线缆正确.
2.如果interface is up,但line protocol是down.用show frame-relay lmi查看帧中继的
LMI类型.
3.用show frame-relay map查看打包类型.
4.用show frame-relay pvc查看PVC.
5.打开debug信息.
X.25连接的Troubleshooting
1.确定两个X.25端口连接上.
MODEM状态:若线路已连通,MODEM的CD灯和RD灯应该亮,表示X.25交换机有数据发送过来.
415 unsupported media type我们也可以用pad 本地或对方的X.121地址,若能pad过去,说明行X.25网链路层已通.
Router#pad 28050103(对方的X.121地址)
2.用show interface serial命令.若serial is down,line protocol is down请检查路由
器与MODEM连接线缆,换另外串口重试.
3.若serial is up,但line protocol is down.请与电信局联系,检查LAPB参数是否匹配.
4.若serial is up,line protocol is up.但ping对方广域网口不通.
用show running-config查看串口是否作415 unsupported media type了x25 map ip设置.
X.25设置中,最大虚电路数值是否超过415 unsupported media type了申请的值.
5.若对方连接的不是路由器,而是一块X.25网卡(以博达卡为例)
环境:
知识:博达X.25卡上
#cd /etc/x.25
#vi x25.profile (网卡参数设定文件)
LOCADDR 28050103 (本地X.25端口X.121地址)
VC 16
IVC 0 (呼入VC数)
OVC 0 (呼出VC数)
PVC 0 (永久VC数)
X25TIMEOUT 60 (拆链时间)
故,SVC=VC-IVC-OVC-PVC.
#x25reset (重启X.25网卡)
#x25link (监控当前状态信息)
#vi x25.addr (地址对应文件,IP层能互相通信,要把X.121地址与IP地址对应起来)
130.132.128.4 28050104 SVC 0
130.132.128.3 28050103 SVC 0
#cd /etc
#vi tcp 加上
ifconfig x25 130.132.128.3 -arp network 255.255.0.0
一般X.25连接出现问题都是一方的IP地址与X.121地址之间映射没有设定.
与IBM主机连接的Troubleshooting
DLSw+ Troubleshooting
STUN Troubleshooting
CIP Troubleshooting
DLSw+ Troubleshooting
在用DLSw+通过路由器实现PU2.0/2.1与IBM大型主机之间连接,415 unsupported media type我们要同时用show dlsw和show
interface serial命令解决出现的问题.
1.首先检查DLSw+定义的两个对等peers是否连通
Router#show dlsw peers
Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime
TCP 17.18.15.1 CONNECT 16080 8400 conf 0 0 0 00.03.27
TCP 1.1.12.1 DISCONN 0 0 conf 0 0 0 00.00.00
Peers --- 对应"dlsw remote-peer"定义的对等peers IP地址.
state --- 表示与对等peers的连接状态.
其中:CONNECT表示对等peers已建立.
CAP_EXG表示与远程peer交换性能信息.
WAIT_RD是建立peer连接的最后一步,等待远程peer应答信息.
DISCONN表示与对等peers没有建立连接,请参阅TCP/IP Troubleshooting检查TCP连接故障.
WAN_BUSY表示TCP传输队列已满,不能传输数据.
2.若对等peers已建立连接,请查看性能交换信息.
Router#show dlsw capabilities
DLSw: Capabilities for peer 172.18.15.166
vendor id (OUI) : '00C' (cisco)
version number : 1
release number : 0
init pacing window : 20
unsupported saps : none
num of tcp sessions :1
loop prevent support : no
icanreach mac-exclusive : no
icanreach netbios-excl. : no
reachable mac addresses : none
reachable netbios names : none
cisco version number : 1
peer group number : 0
border peer capable : no
peer cost : 3
biu-segment configured : no
local-ack configured: yes
priority configured: no
version string :
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) GS Software (GS7-K-M), Experimental Version 11.1(10956)
[sbales 139]
Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Thu 30-May-96 09:12 by sbales8
3.交换过性能信息后,就要寻找目的MAC地址415 unsupported media type了,显示出所有的路由器能够到达的MAC地址(本地和远端)
Router#show dlsw reachability
DLSw MAC address reachability cache list
Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif
0000.810f.6500 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--
0006.e918.7b70 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--
1000.5ae3.03f7 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--
7500.9221.0000 FOUND REMOTE 16.201.30.250(2065) max-lf(4472)
7500.9221.0000 SEARCHING LOCAL
DLSw NetBIOS Name reachability cache list
NetBIOS Name status Loc. peer/port rif
SXUSER2 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--
若本地MAC地址和目的MAC地址状态均是FOUND,请参看第五步.
SEARCHING表示在寻找本地MAC地址或目的MAC地址.此时用show interface serial命令查看
该口连接的PU状态.
NOT_FOUND表示没有收到对PU轮询的应答.
VERIFY表示确认缓存内信息.
4.在SERACHING本地MAC地址或目的MAC地址.
Router#show interface serial 0
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation SDLC, loopback not set
Router link station role: SECONDARY (DTE)
Router link station metrics:
group poll not enabled
poll-wait 40000 seconds
N1 (max frame size) 12016 bits
modulo 8
sdlc vmac: 4000.5555.00--
sdlc addr C1 state is DISCONNECT
cls_state is CLS_STN_CLOSED
VS 0, VR 0, Remote VR 0, Current retransmit count 0
Hold queue: 0/200 IFRAMEs 0/0
TESTs 0/0 XIDs 0/0, DMs 0/0 FRMRs 0/0
RNRs 0/0 SNRMs 0/0 DISC/RDs 0/0 REJs 0/0 chain: C1/C1
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 19 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
6 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
说明:
Encapsulation SDLC---串口打包方式为SDLC.
Router link station role: SECONDARY (DTE)---目前端口作secondary,由"sdlc role"命令设置.
sdlc vmac: 4000.5555.00-- ---由"sdlc vmac"设置的MAC地址.注意它的最后两位是留给PU地址的.
在本例中,端口MAC地址是4000.5555.00C1.
sdlc addr C1 state is DISCONNECT ---该端口连接PU C1当前状态.有以下几种状态:
DISCONNECT -与PU未连接,次站没有发TEST或XID帧请求建立连接.请检查下面连接的PU是否启动
SNA进程,若是用DCE线缆连接PU请检查线缆是否正确,若是MODEM连接到远端PU上,请
检查MODEM状态灯.
DISCSENT-路由器发送断开请求(DISC)给次站,正在等待次站应答.
SNRMSENT-路由器发送连接请求(SNRM)给次站,正在等待次站应答.这个状态出现在作主站的路由器
上.若是在作主站路由器上出现SNRMSENT状态,检查下端PU是否开机,路由器端口与PU上
SDLC口连接的MODEM是否已通(MODEM的DTR,CD,RXD,TXD灯应常亮).一句话,出现SNRMSENT
状态是路由器端口与它下端PU之间问题.
CONNECT-PU连接正常.路由器和它连接的次站正常连接.
THEMBUSY-PU发送RNR帧.次站告诉路由器暂时不能接收任何信息.
USBUSY-路由器发送RNR帧.路由器告诉次站暂时不能接收任何信息.路由器已接收到次站对SNRM帧的
应答帧UA,试图建立SDLC或LLC2会话.
BOTHBUSY-双方均发送RNR帧.告诉对方暂时不能接收任何信息.
ERROR-违反SDLC协议.路由器正在等待次站应答.
SNRMSEEN-路由器作次站,接收到SNRM帧.
5.当双方MAC地址都找到后,开始建立链路415 unsupported media type了.
Router#show dlsw curcuit
Index local addr(lsap) remote addr(dsap) state
1818740 1000.5ae3.430d(04) 4000.5555.00c1(04) CONNECTED
用"show interface serial"查看PU状态应是"CONNECT".
我们也可以用"debug dlsw"获得更多的信息帮助解决网络中出现的问题.415 unsupported media type你可以记录下debug传
输信息提供给415 unsupported media type你的代理.
问题:远端没有到达本端机器.远端peer的IP地址是172.18.16.156.
建议:
1.检查show dlsw peer输出,415 unsupported media type我们看到:
Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime
TCP 172.18.16.156 DISCONN 0 0 conf 0 0 0 --
2.用debug dlsw peers命令决定问题:
DLSw: action_a() attempting to connect peer 172.18.15.156(2065)
DLSw: action_a(): Write pipe opened for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)
DLSw: peer 172.18.15.156(2065), old state DISCONN, new state WAIT_RD
DLSw: dlsw_tcpd_fini() for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)
DLSw: tcp fini closing connection for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)
DLSw: action_d(): for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)
DLSw: peer 172.18.15.156(2065), old state WAIT_RD, new state DISCONN
DLSw: Not promiscuous - Rej conn from 172.18.15.166(2065)
诊断:试着打开peer 172.18.15.156,但不成功.DLSw+接收到来自172.18.15.166
的打开请求,但是DLSw+拒绝它,因为这个peer没有定义.由此415 unsupported media type我们可以判断定义
peer地址不正确.该peer地址为172.18.15.166就连通415 unsupported media type了.
Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime
TCP 172.18.16.166 CONNECT 2 2 conf 0 0 0 00:224:27
问题:SDLC设备不能连接到主机.Milan是连接SDLC设备的远端peer.
建议:
1.用show dlsw peer命令显示peer是up的.
milan#sh dlsw peers
Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime
TCP 172.18.16.166 CONNECT 2 2 conf 0 0 0 00:224:27
2.Show dlsw circuits没有链路产生.
milan#show dlsw circuits
milan#
3.Show interface 命令显示SDLC 地址状态是USBUSY,这表示415 unsupported media type我们已经成功的连接到下端路由器上.
Router#show interface serial 3/7
Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation SDLC, loopback not set
Router link station role: SECONDARY (DTE)
Router link station metrics:
group poll not enabled
poll-wait 40000 seconds
N1 (max frame size) 12016 bits
modulo 8
sdlc vmac: 4000.5555.00--
sdlc addr C1 state is USBUSY
cls_state is CLS_STN_CLOSED
VS 0, VR 0, Remote VR 0, Current retransmit count 0
Hold queue: 0/200 IFRAMEs 0/0
TESTs 0/0 XIDs 0/0, DMs 0/1 FRMRs 20/20
RNRs 620/0 SNRMs 3/0 DISC/RDs 1/0 REJs 0/0 chain: C1/C1
sdlc addr C2 state is USBUSY
cls_state is CLS_STN_CLOSED
VS 0, VR 0, Remote VR 0, Current retransmit count 0
Hold queue: 0/200 IFRAMEs 0/0
TESTs 0/0 XIDs 0/0, DMs 0/0 FRMRs 0/0
RNRs 730/0 SNRMs 7/0 DISC/RDs 0/0 REJs 0/0 chain: C2/C2
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 19 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
6 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=down CTS=up
4.检查配置到达的目的MAC地址是4001.3745.1088.
milan#write terminal
interface Serial3/7
description sdlc config to MVS
mtu 4400
no ip address
encapsulation sdlc
no keepalive
clockrate 9600
sdlc role primary
sdlc vmac 4000.1234.5600
sdlc N1 12016
sdlc address C1
sdlc xid C1 05DCCCC1
sdlc partner 4001.3745.1088 C1
sdlc address C2
sdlc xid C2 05DCCCC2
sdlc partner 4001.3745.1088 C2
sdlc dlsw C1 C2
5.用show dlsw reachability mac-address命令发现MAC地址没找到:
Router#show dlsw reachability mac-address 4001.3745.1088
DLSw MAC address reachability cache list
Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif
0000.810f.6500 SEARCHING LOCAL
6.在FEP连接的路由器一端,用show dlsw reachability mac-address命令发现MAC地址没找到:
Router#show dlsw reachability mac-address 4001.3745.1088
DLSw MAC address reachability cache list
Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif
0000.810f.6500 SEARCHING REMOTE
7.显示show source-bridge,没有令牌环口走SRB:
bolzano#show source-bridge
Global RSRB Parameters:
TCP Queue Length maximum: 100
Ring Group 100:
No TCP peername set, TCP transport disabled
Maximum output TCP queue length, per peer: 100
Rings:
诊断:加上"source-bridge"命令,连接正常415 unsupported media type了.
问题:同一个串口上,一个SDLC设备连接正常而其它几个不行.
建议:
1.用show dlsw peer命令显示peer是up的.
milan#sh dlsw peers
Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime
TCP 172.18.16.166 CONNECT 2 2 conf 0 0 0 00:224:27
2.用show dlsw reachability mac-address命令发现MAC地址:
Router#show dlsw reachability mac-address 4001.3745.1088
DLSw MAC address reachability cache list
Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif
0000.810f.6500 FOUND REMOTE 172.18.15.166(2065)
3.用show dlsw circuits mac-address命令告诉两个链路连接:
milan#show dlsw circuit mac-address 4001.3745.1088
Index local addr(lsap) remote addr(dsap) state
250-00 4000.1234.56c1(04) 4001.3745.1088(04) CONNECTED
251-00 4000.1234.56c2(04) 4001.3745.1088(04) CKT_ESTABLISHED
4.用debug dlsw core命令输出:
milan#debug dlsw core state
DLSw core state debugging is on
milan#
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:WAN-XID state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_g()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:WAN-XID state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_g()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED
DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()
DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED
诊断:DLSw试图在下端SDLC设备和FEP之间传输XID,但FEP并不建立会话.它通常是
XID(IDBK/IDNUM)引起的.
在配置中加上"sdlc xid"后连接正常.
STUN Troubleshooting
1.确定stun peer连通
rick#sh stun peer
This peer: 10.17.5.2
*Serial2 (group 1 [basic])
state rx_pkts tx_pkts drops
all TCP 10.17.5.2 open 5729 5718 0
若状态不是open,应是TCP/IP连接问题,请参阅TCP/IP Troubleshooting.
2.用show interface确定路由器和主机之间serial is up,line protocol is up.
若是"down/down"请检查线缆,正确使用DTE和DCE Cable.
若serial一会儿up,一会儿down,不断反复.415 unsupported media type你的主机可能配置成半双工的而不是全双工的,使
用MSD时路由器没有设成半双工的.
3.如果serail is up,但line protocol is down.最大可能是一端是NRZ编码,另一端是NRZI编
码.用"nrzi-encoding"命令设置NRZI编码.设定编码方式与大机相同.
4.一旦line操作正常,最常出现的问题就是SDLC地址不对.SDLC地址要与主机PU地址一致.如果
收到下面信息就表示SDLC地址与主机PU地址不匹配.
Received data from wrong address! Expect for output address C2/Got C4.
Debug sdlc
当工作正常时,debug输出信息顺序:
SDLC Primary :
DISCONNECT-->SDLC PRI WAIT-->NET UP WAIT-->CONNECT
SDLC Secondary :
DISCONNECT-->NET UP WAIT-->SDLC SECWAIT-->CONNECT
CIP Troubleshooting
1.用"show interface channel 3/0"显示物理通道端口状态.若channel3/0 is up,line protocol is up.
表示物理接口连接正常.否则请检查物理接口,线缆,bypass等是否连接正确.
Router#sh int c3/0
Channel3/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is cyBus Channel Interface
MTU 4096 bytes, BW 36864 Kbit, DLY 270 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation CHANNEL, loopback not set
PCA adapter card
Data transfer rate 4.5 Mbytes, number of subchannels 1
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1677 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
1595 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 5 interface resets, 0 restarts
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
2.用"show interface channel 3/2"显示逻辑通道口状态.
Router#sh int ch3/2
Channel3/2 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is cyBus Channel Interface
MTU 4472 bytes, BW 98304 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation CHANNEL, loopback not set
Virtual interface
Last input 0:01:36, output 0:01:26, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
19090 packets input, 686391 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
20314 packets output, 754513 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets, 0 restarts
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
3.用"show ext ch 3/0 csna oper"显示CSNA通道连接设备状态.
"stat"替代"oper"获得CSNA通道连接设备的统计值.
确认CSNA通道连接设备状态为"setupComplet".
Router#sh ext c3/0 csna
Path Dv maxpiu time-delay length-delay
CSNA 0100 E1 20470 10 20470
Router#sh ext c3/0 csna oper
Path Dv Status SlowDown maxpiu time-delay length-delay
CSNA 0100 E1 setupComplet off 20470 10 20470
4.用"show ext ch 3/2 conn llc"命令确定SAPs值和CIP上打开的连接.
确认定义在XCA中的正确的SAP值在CIP internal Token Ring LAN adapter中已打开.
SHANXI2#sh ext c3/2 conn llc
LAN Token 0 Adapter 1 5808.0100.0000
No SAPs open on this interface
Total : SAPs opened = 0 Connections active = 0
5.如果CSNA通道连接设备状态是"setupComplet",正确的SAP值(i.e.,SAP 08)打开在正确的CIP internal
MAC adapter上,进入第七步.否则,问题可能是PATH/DEVICE或XCA Major Node.请检查通道地址定义是否
正确.若PATH/DEVICE正确,再在主机上"v net,act,id="命令确认XCA Major Node激活.
Router#sh ext c3/0 csna oper
Path Dv Status SlowDown maxpiu time-delay length-delay
CSNA 0100 E1 Close off