作者:游太虚傲寰宇 | 来源:互联网 | 2023-08-27 06:06
CentOS7中默认安装了Python,版本比较低(2.7.5),为了使用新版3.x,需要对旧版本进行升级。由于很多基本的命令、软件包都依赖旧版本,比如:yum。所以,在更新Python时
CentOS 7 中默认安装了 Python,版本比较低(2.7.5),为了使用新版 3.x,需要对旧版本进行升级。由于很多基本的命令、软件包都依赖旧版本,比如:yum。所以,在更新 Python 时,建议不要删除旧版本(新旧版本可以共存)。
一、查看当前Python版本
# python -V
[root@localhost ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
二、下载新的Python包并安装
进入python官网(https://www.python.org),选择需要的版本。此处选择Python-3.6.3版本
# yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y
Updated:
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1
Dependency Updated:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1
libgfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 libquadmath.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1
libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-36.el7_6.1
Complete!
下载
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
--2019-04-11 23:45:29-- https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.228.223, 2a04:4e42:1a::223
Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.228.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 22673115 (22M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Python-3.6.3.tgz’
100%[===================================================================================================================>] 22,673,115 73.7KB/s in 3m 23s
2019-04-11 23:48:53 (109 KB/s) - ‘Python-3.6.3.tgz’ saved [22673115/22673115]
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Python-3.6.3.tgz
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# du -sh Python-3.6.3.tgz
22M Python-3.6.3.tgz
解压
# tar zxvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Python-3.6.3 Python-3.6.3.tgz
[root@localhost ~]#
查看文件内容
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.6.3
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]#
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# ls
aclocal.m4 config.sub configure.ac Grammar install-sh LICENSE Makefile.pre.in Modules Parser PCbuild pyconfig.h.in README.rst Tools
config.guess configure Doc Include Lib Mac Misc Objects PC Programs Python setup.py
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]#
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# ll
total 1036
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 13335 Oct 3 2017 aclocal.m4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 501 44259 Oct 3 2017 config.guess
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 501 36515 Oct 3 2017 config.sub
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 501 484734 Oct 3 2017 configure
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 160430 Oct 3 2017 configure.ac
drwxr-xr-x. 18 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Doc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 501 501 20 Oct 3 2017 Grammar
drwxr-xr-x. 2 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Include
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 501 501 7122 Oct 3 2017 install-sh
drwxr-xr-x. 33 501 501 8192 Oct 3 2017 Lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 12757 Oct 3 2017 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 8 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Mac
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 59746 Oct 3 2017 Makefile.pre.in
drwxr-xr-x. 2 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Misc
drwxr-xr-x. 13 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Modules
drwxr-xr-x. 4 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Objects
drwxr-xr-x. 2 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Parser
drwxr-xr-x. 6 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 PC
drwxr-xr-x. 2 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 PCbuild
drwxr-xr-x. 2 501 501 79 Oct 3 2017 Programs
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 41453 Oct 3 2017 pyconfig.h.in
drwxr-xr-x. 3 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Python
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 9269 Oct 3 2017 README.rst
-rw-r--r--. 1 501 501 101514 Oct 3 2017 setup.py
drwxr-xr-x. 23 501 501 4096 Oct 3 2017 Tools
# ./configure
[root@localhost Python-3.6.3]# ./configure
………………
………………
…………
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile
If you want a release build with all stable optimizations active (PGO, etc),
please run ./configure --enable-optimizations
编译安装
# make && make install
报了一个错误
zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
make: *** [install] Error 1
验证
[root@localhost ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@localhost ~]# python3 -V
Python 3.6.3
设置3.6.3为默认版本
查看 Python 的路径,在 /usr/bin 下面。可以看到 python 链接的是 python 2.7,所以,执行 python 就相当于执行 python 2.7
# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 16 18:02 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 16 18:02 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Nov 20 2015 python2.7
[root@localhost ~]#
将原来 python 的软链接重命名:
# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
将 python 链接至 python3:
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 16 18:02 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 16 18:02 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Nov 20 2015 python2.7
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 16 18:02 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Nov 20 2015 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 16 18:02 python.bak -> python2
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/ | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Apr 12 00:24 python -> /usr/local/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 16 18:02 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Nov 20 2015 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 16 18:02 python.bak -> python2
[root@localhost ~]#
配置YUM
升级 Python 之后,由于将默认的 python 指向了 python3,yum 不能正常使用,需要编辑 yum 的配置文件,此时:
[root@localhost ~]# yum list
File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30
except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
修改/usr/bin/yum和/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down,将 #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7,保存退出即可。
# python -V
[root@localhost ~]# python -V
Python 3.6.3
参考博客:
https://www.cnblogs.com/lwf-blog/p/8182975.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/fjping0606/p/9156344.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/simuhunluo/p/7704765.html