在PowerShell中使用curl(Invoke

前言

习惯了windows的界面模式就很难转去命令行，甚至以命令行发家的git也涌现出各种界面tool。然而命令行真的会比界面快的多，如果你是一个码农。

situation：接到需求分析bug，需要访问http。那台机器属于product，不允许装postman。我只能手动命令行来发请求。发现了内置的PowerShell中有curl命令。欢喜试了半天，总是命令不对，google发现这个curl是冒名顶替的，只是一个Invoke-WebRequest的alias。参考。

PS> Get-Alias -Definition Invoke-WebRequest | Format-Table -AutoSize

CommandType Name                      Version Source
----------- ----                      ------- ------
Alias       curl -> Invoke-WebRequest
Alias       iwr -> Invoke-WebRequest
Alias       wget -> Invoke-WebRequest

Invoke-WebRequest简单用法

1.用途

Gets content from a web page on the Internet.

获取http web请求访问内容

2.语法Syntax

Parameter Set: Default
Invoke-WebRequest [-Uri]  [-Body  ] [-Certificate  ] [-CertificateThumbprint  ] [-ContentType  ] [-Credential  ] [-DisableKeepAlive] [-Headers  ] [-InFile  ] [-MaximumRedirection  ] [-Method  {Default | Get | Head | Post | Put | Delete | Trace | Options | Merge | Patch} ] [-OutFile  ] [-PassThru] [-Proxy  ] [-ProxyCredential  ] [-ProxyUseDefaultCredentials] [-SessionVariable  ] [-TimeoutSec  ] [-TransferEncoding  {chunked | compress | deflate | gzip | identity} ] [-UseBasicParsing] [-UseDefaultCredentials] [-UserAgent  ] [-WebSession  ] [ ]

3.简单的几个用法

3.1 Get请求

PS C:\Users\rmiao> curl -URi https://www.google.com

StatusCode        : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content           : RawContent        : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                    X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
                    X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
                    Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="36,35,34,33,32"
                    Vary: Accept-Encoding
                    Transfer-Encoding: chunked

会发现content内容被截断了。想要获取完整的content：

ps> curl https://www.google.com | Select -ExpandProperty Content

3.2添加header

-Headers @{"accept"="application/json"}

3.3指定Method

-Method Get

3.4将获取到的content输出到文件

-OutFile 'c:\Users\rmiao\temp\content.txt'

3.5表单提交

For example:

$R = Invoke-WebRequest http://website.com/login.aspx 
$R.Forms[0].Name = "MyName" 
$R.Forms[0].Password = "MyPassword" 
Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R

or

Invoke-RestMethod http://website.com/service.aspx -Body $R.Forms[0]

3.6内容筛选

PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R = Invoke-WebRequest -URI http://www.bing.com?q=how+many+feet+in+a+mile
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R.AllElements | where {$_.innerhtml -like "*=*"} | Sort { $_.InnerHtml.Length } | Select InnerText -
First 5

innerText
---------
=

1
Next
=

3.7一个登陆示例

#发送一个登陆请求，声明一个sessionVariable 参数为fb, 将结果保存在$R
#这个变量FB就是header.COOKIE等集合
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R=curl http://www.facebook.com/login.php -SessionVariable fb
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $FB


Headers               : {}
COOKIEs               : System.Net.COOKIEContainer
UseDefaultCredentials : False
Credentials           :
Certificates          :
UserAgent             : Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT; Windows NT 6.3; en-US) WindowsPowerShell/4.0
Proxy                 :
MaximumRedirection    : -1


#将response响应结果中的第一个form属性赋值给变量Form
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form=$R.Forms[0]
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form.fields

Key                                                         Value
---                                                         -----
lsd                                                         AVqQqrLW
display
enable_profile_selector
isprivate
legacy_return                                               0
profile_selector_ids
return_session
skip_api_login
signed_next
trynum                                                      1
u_0_0
u_0_1
lgnrnd                                                      214945_qGeg
lgnjs                                                       n
email
pass
persistent
default_persistent                                          1



# 查看form
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $Form | Format-List


Id     : login_form
Method : post
Action : /login.php?login_attempt=1&lwv=100
Fields : {[lsd, AVqQqrLW], [display, ], [enable_profile_selector, ], [isprivate, ]...}


#查看属性
$Form.fields

#设置账号密码
$Form.Fields["email"] = "User01@Fabrikam.com"
$Form.Fields["pass"] = "P@ssw0rd"

#发送请求并保存结果为$R
$R=Invoke-WebRequest -Uri ("https://www.facebook.com" + $Form.Action) -WebSession $FB -Method POST -Body $Form.Fields

#查看结果
PS C:\Users\rmiao> $R.StatusDescription
OK

虽然没有curl那么主流，但一样可以成为http访问的一个选择。

参考

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh849901.aspx