热门标签 | HotTags
当前位置:  开发笔记 > 编程语言 > 正文

学习加密(三)springboot使用RSA非对称加密,前后端传递参数加解密

前言:1.前面一篇是AES对称加密写了一个demo,为了后面的两者结合使用,今天去了解学习了下RSA非对称加密.2.这是百度百科对(对称加密丶非对称加密)的解释:(1)对称加密

前言:

1.前面一篇是AES对称加密写了一个demo,为了后面的两者结合使用,今天去了解学习了下RSA非对称加密.

2.这是百度百科对(对称加密丶非对称加密)的解释:

   (1)对称加密算法在加密和解密时使用的是同一个秘钥。

   (2)非对称加密算法需要两个密钥来进行加密和解密,这两个秘钥是公开密钥(public key,简称公钥)和私有密钥(private key,简称私钥)。

大致思路:

     (1)服务端利用RSA创建一对公私钥,服务端存储私钥,将公钥给客户端
     (2)每次请求前,将明文数据利用公钥进行加密,然后将密文传递给服务端
     (3)服务端拿到密文,利用私钥进行解密,得到明文数据,然后进行业务处理

 ps: 如果想做到返回参数也进行加密,那么两个方法,
     (1)客户端或服务端创建一对公私钥,然后将公私钥传递给服务端或客户端,(这样就可以使用公钥加密,私钥解密了),但是私钥放在客户端就违背了非对称加密(RSA)的原则性了,
     (2)客户端,创建一对公私钥,服务端在重新创建新的一对公私钥,互相各拿对方的公钥,这样就可以进行传参的加密,解密,和响应数据的加解密!!!
     但是为了解决RSA加解密性能问题,请看下篇文章RSA+AES(动态获取key)进行混合加密

使用非对称加密(RSA)实践(采用前端加密,后端解密,后端并不返回加密数据):

1.创建spring boot项目,导入相关依赖
2.编写加密工具类
3.编写自定义注解(让加解密细粒度)
4.编写自定义RsaDecodeRequestAdvice
5.创建controller
6.创建jsp或者html,引入js(加密和解密的通用js)
ps:因为这里没https证书,所有使用http, 考虑到前后端分离,使用json来传递数据

第一步: 略,不会的请自行百度spring boot项目如何创建!
第二步:

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;import javax.crypto.Cipher;/** */
/***

* RSA公钥/私钥/签名工具包*

*

* 罗纳德·李维斯特(Ron [R]ivest)、阿迪·萨莫尔(Adi [S]hamir)和伦纳德·阿德曼(Leonard [A]dleman)*

*

* 字符串格式的密钥在未在特殊说明情况下都为BASE64编码格式
* 由于非对称加密速度极其缓慢,一般文件不使用它来加密而是使用对称加密,
* 非对称加密算法可以用来对对称加密的密钥加密,这样保证密钥的安全也就保证了数据的安全*

* * @author monkey* @date 2018-10-29*/
public class RSAUtils {/** *//*** 加密算法RSA*/public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";/** *//*** 签名算法*/public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";/** *//*** 获取公钥的key*/private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";/** *//*** 获取私钥的key*/private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";/** *//*** RSA最大加密明文大小*/private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;/** *//*** RSA最大解密密文大小*/private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;/** *//*** RSA 位数 如果采用2048 上面最大加密和最大解密则须填写: 245 256*/private static final int INITIALIZE_LENGTH = 1024;/** *//***

* 生成密钥对(公钥和私钥)*

* * @return* @throws Exception*/public static Map genKeyPair() throws Exception {KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);keyPairGen.initialize(INITIALIZE_LENGTH);KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();Map keyMap = new HashMap(2);keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);return keyMap;}/** *//***

* 用私钥对信息生成数字签名*

* * @param data* 已加密数据* @param privateKey* 私钥(BASE64编码)* * @return* @throws Exception*/public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);PrivateKey privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);signature.initSign(privateK);signature.update(data);return Base64.encodeBase64String(signature.sign());}/** *//***

* 校验数字签名*

* * @param data* 已加密数据* @param publicKey* 公钥(BASE64编码)* @param sign* 数字签名* * @return* @throws Exception* */public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign) throws Exception {byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);PublicKey publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);signature.initVerify(publicK);signature.update(data);return signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(sign));}/** *//***

* 私钥解密*

* * @param encryptedData* 已加密数据* @param privateKey* 私钥(BASE64编码)* @return* @throws Exception*/public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encryptedData, String privateKey) throws Exception {byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK);int inputLen = encryptedData.length;ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();int offSet = 0;byte[] cache;int i = 0;// 对数据分段解密while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);} else {cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);}out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);i++;offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;}byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();out.close();return decryptedData;}/** *//***

* 公钥解密*

* * @param encryptedData* 已加密数据* @param publicKey* 公钥(BASE64编码)* @return* @throws Exception*/public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] encryptedData, String publicKey) throws Exception {byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK);int inputLen = encryptedData.length;ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();int offSet = 0;byte[] cache;int i = 0;// 对数据分段解密while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);} else {cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);}out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);i++;offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;}byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();out.close();return decryptedData;}/** *//***

* 公钥加密*

* * @param data* 源数据* @param publicKey* 公钥(BASE64编码)* @return* @throws Exception*/public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String publicKey) throws Exception {byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);// 对数据加密Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK);int inputLen = data.length;ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();int offSet = 0;byte[] cache;int i = 0;// 对数据分段加密while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);} else {cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);}out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);i++;offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;}byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();out.close();return encryptedData;}/** *//***

* 私钥加密*

* * @param data* 源数据* @param privateKey* 私钥(BASE64编码)* @return* @throws Exception*/public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK);int inputLen = data.length;ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();int offSet = 0;byte[] cache;int i = 0;// 对数据分段加密while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);} else {cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);}out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);i++;offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;}byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();out.close();return encryptedData;}/** *//***

* 获取私钥*

* * @param keyMap* 密钥对* @return* @throws Exception*/public static String getPrivateKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception {Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);return Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded());}/** *//***

* 获取公钥*

* * @param keyMap* 密钥对* @return* @throws Exception*/public static String getPublicKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception {Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);return Base64.encodeBase64String(key.getEncoded());}/*** java端公钥加密*/public static String encryptedDataOnJava(String data, String PUBLICKEY) {try {data = Base64.encodeBase64String(encryptByPublicKey(data.getBytes(), PUBLICKEY));} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}return data;}/*** java端私钥解密*/public static String decryptDataOnJava(String data, String PRIVATEKEY) {String temp = "";try {byte[] rs = Base64.decodeBase64(data);temp = new String(RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(rs, PRIVATEKEY),"UTF-8");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return temp;}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{}
}


第三步: 
 

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.Mapping;import java.lang.annotation.*;/*** @author monkey* @desc 请求数据解密* @date 2018/10/29 20:17*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Mapping
@Documented
public @interface RsaSecurityParameter {/*** 入参是否解密,默认解密*/boolean inDecode() default true;/*** 出参是否加密,默认加密*/boolean outEncode() default true;
}

第四步:

import com.monkey.springboot.demo.annotation.RsaSecurityParameter;
import com.monkey.springboot.demo.utils.RSAUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;/*** @author monkey* @desc 请求数据解密* @date 2018/10/29 20:17*/
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.monkey.springboot.demo.controller")
public class RsaDecodeRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RsaDecodeRequestBodyAdvice.class);private static final String PRIVATE_KEY="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";@Overridepublic boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) {return true;}@Overridepublic Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage httpInputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) {return body;}@Overridepublic HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) throws IOException {try {boolean encode = false;if (methodParameter.getMethod().isAnnotationPresent(RsaSecurityParameter.class)) {//获取注解配置的包含和去除字段RsaSecurityParameter serializedField = methodParameter.getMethodAnnotation(RsaSecurityParameter.class);//入参是否需要解密encode = serializedField.inDecode();}if (encode) {logger.info("对方法method :【" + methodParameter.getMethod().getName() + "】返回数据进行解密");return new MyHttpInputMessage(inputMessage);}else{return inputMessage;}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();logger.error("对方法method :【" + methodParameter.getMethod().getName() + "】返回数据进行解密出现异常:"+e.getMessage());return inputMessage;}}@Overridepublic Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage httpInputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type type, Class> aClass) {return body;}class MyHttpInputMessage implements HttpInputMessage {private HttpHeaders headers;private InputStream body;public MyHttpInputMessage(HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws Exception {this.headers = inputMessage.getHeaders();String cOntent= easpString(IOUtils.toString(inputMessage.getBody(),"utf-8"));this.body = IOUtils.toInputStream(RSAUtils.decryptDataOnJava(content,PRIVATE_KEY));}@Overridepublic InputStream getBody() throws IOException {return body;}@Overridepublic HttpHeaders getHeaders() {return headers;}/**** @param requestData* @return*/public String easpString(String requestData){if(requestData != null && !requestData.equals("")){String s = "{\"requestData\":";if(!requestData.startsWith(s)){throw new RuntimeException("参数【requestData】缺失异常!");}else{int closeLen = requestData.length()-1;int openLen = "{\"requestData\":".length();String substring = StringUtils.substring(requestData, openLen, closeLen);return substring;}}return "";}}
}

第五步:

/*** 跳转rsa页面** @return*/@RequestMapping("/rsa")public String goRsa() {return "rsa";}/*** RSA测试** @return object*/@RequestMapping("/rsaTest")@ResponseBody@RsaSecurityParameterpublic Persion rsaTest(@RequestBody Persion info) {System.out.println(info.getName());String cOntent= "内容";info.setName(content);return info;}

第六步:
只需要引入这两个js文件,然后自定义一个html,这里采用了thymeleaf模板引擎.具体语法自行百度,很简单!






公钥:




后记(实际整合到项目中必须要知道的问题):
        只要加密的key不泄露,别人得到你的数据也没用,问题是如何保证key不泄露呢?服务端的安全性较高,可以存储在数据库中或者配置文件中,毕竟在我们自己的服务器上,最危险的其实就时前端了,app还好,可以打包,但是要防止反编译等等问题。如果是webapp则可以依赖于js加密来实现(但是webapp相比app容易破解的多)
       综上所述,其实并不能说采用了加密,就是绝对安全的,还有配合一系列的操作,做的越多,安全性越高.比如:


  1. 通信使用https
  2. 请求签名,防止参数被篡改
  3. 身份确认机制,每次请求都要验证是否合法
  4. APP中使用ssl pinning防止抓包操作
  5. 对所有请求和响应都进行加解密操作
  6. 等等方案.......

推荐阅读
author-avatar
吴冲幸福
这个家伙很懒,什么也没留下!
PHP1.CN | 中国最专业的PHP中文社区 | DevBox开发工具箱 | json解析格式化 |PHP资讯 | PHP教程 | 数据库技术 | 服务器技术 | 前端开发技术 | PHP框架 | 开发工具 | 在线工具
Copyright © 1998 - 2020 PHP1.CN. All Rights Reserved | 京公网安备 11010802041100号 | 京ICP备19059560号-4 | PHP1.CN 第一PHP社区 版权所有