VMware下的Linux扩展磁盘空间

业务场景

业务场景

本文以 VMware® Workstation 15 Pro -15.5.6 build-16341506+ CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)为测试机。

操作流程

一、VMware 加内存

如下图所示，此时可以看到虚拟机硬盘目前为25G，点击编辑虚拟机设置，进入虚拟机设置界面。

分别按下图步骤点击硬盘→扩展→扩展内存→扩展→确定。

硬盘扩展成功后，须要在客户机（即Linux虚拟机）上进行分区硬盘和扩展文件系统。

二 、linux操作

启动Linux虚拟机。以root用户登录，由于后面的操作须要root用户的权限。
打开终端窗体，输入df -h，查看文件系统。例如以下图所看到的，能够看到在我的虚拟机中/的大小为17G。可用容量为8.8G,/dev/sda3为之前挂载的硬盘。

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 8.3G 8.8G 49% /
devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.4G 11M 1.4G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 171M 844M 17% /boot
tmpfs 283M 8.0K 283M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 283M 0 283M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sda3 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /mount_001
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root


运行fdisk –l命令。查看硬盘分区情况，能够发现硬盘空间确实已经扩展了到了30G(我也不知道他为什么显示的是32.2G，暂时还没有去研究，欢迎补充知识点)。

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c591bDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 52428799 5242880 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


然后下面进行格式化增加内存分区的步骤，执行fdisk /dev/sda，按下图步骤操作。

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.Command (m for help): p
## p :显示磁盘当前的分区表
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c591bDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 52428799 5242880 8e Linux LVMCommand (m for help): n
##输入n创建分区
Partition type:p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)e extended
Select (default e): p
## 询问我们是要创建主分区还是扩展分区，主分区最多只能创建4个，如果创建了扩展分区那么扩展分区需要占用一个主分区。这里我们创建分区,输入p
Selected partition 4
First sector (52428800-62914559, default 52428800): 4
Value out of range.
First sector (52428800-62914559, default 52428800): 52428800
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (52428800-62914559, default 62914559): 62914559
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is setCommand (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
## 分区选择默认4
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
## w 保存
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.


在此执行fdisk -l查看，此时 /dev/sda4 硬盘已经存在

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000c591bDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 52428799 5242880 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 52428800 62914559 5242880 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


执行mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda4格式化逻辑分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Could not stat /dev/sda4 --- No such file or directoryThe device apparently does not exist; did you specify it correctly?


分区正常，格式化错误。
原因是分区信息尚未到分区表里，
执行命令partprobe
再次执行 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda4格式化逻辑分区

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@localhost ~]#


创建挂载目录mkdir /mount_002
执行mount /dev/sda4 /mount_002挂载
在此执行df -h检查硬盘

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 8.3G 8.8G 49% /
devtmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.4G 11M 1.4G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.4G 0 1.4G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 171M 844M 17% /boot
tmpfs 283M 12K 283M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 283M 0 283M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sda3 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /mount_001
/dev/sda4 4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /mount_002


此时dev/sda4已经挂载导了mount_002