Object.hashCode（）是31位的原因吗？-IsthereareasonObject.hashCode()is31-bit?

If you run the following on HotSpot Java 7 64-bit version.

如果在HotSpot Java 7 64位版本上运行以下命令。

int countTopBit = 0, countLowestBit = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <100000000; i++) {
    int h = new Object().hashCode();
    if (h <0)
        countTopBit++;
    if ((h & 1) == 1)
        countLowestBit++;
}
System.out.println("The count of negative hashCodes was " + countTopBit + ", the count of odd hashCodes was " + countLowestBit);

you can get a result like

你可以得到像这样的结果

The count of negative hashCodes was 0, the count of odd hashCodes was 49994232

I was wondering if this means the Object.hashCode() is only really 31-bit and why this might be so?

我想知道这是否意味着Object.hashCode（）只是31位，为什么会这样呢？

It is not the case that the top bit is not used. From the source for HashMap

不是不使用顶部位的情况。来自HashMap的源代码

257   /**
258    * Applies a supplemental hash function to a given hashCode, which
259    * defends against poor quality hash functions.  This is critical
260    * because HashMap uses power-of-two length hash tables, that
261    * otherwise encounter collisions for hashCodes that do not differ
262    * in lower bits. Note: Null keys always map to hash 0, thus index 0.
263    */
264   static int hash(int h) {
265       // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
266       // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
267       // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
268       h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
269       return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
270   }

1 个解决方案

// src/share/vm/runtime/synchronizer.cpp
static inline intptr_t get_next_hash(Thread * Self, oop obj) {
   ...
   value &= markOopDesc::hash_mask;
   ...
   return value;
}

  enum { age_bits                 = 4,
         lock_bits                = 2,
         biased_lock_bits         = 1,
         max_hash_bits            = BitsPerWord - age_bits - lock_bits - biased_lock_bits,
         hash_bits                = max_hash_bits > 31 ? 31 : max_hash_bits,
         ...
         hash_mask               = right_n_bits(hash_bits),