SpringBoot集成本地缓存性能之王Caffeine示例详解【java面试】

目录

• 引言
• Spring Cache 是什么
• 集成 Caffeine
• 核心原理

public User getUser(long userId) {
    // 从缓存查询
    User user = cache.get(userId);
    if (user != null) {
        return user;
    }
    // 从数据库加载
    User dbUser = loadDataFromDB(userId);
    if (dbUser != null) {
        // 设置到缓存中
        cache.put(userId, dbUser)
    }
    return dbUser;
}

    org.springframework.boot
    spring-boot-starter-cache


    com.github.ben-manes.caffeine
    caffeine

@Slf4j
@EnableCaching
@Configuration
public class CacheConfig {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("cacheExecutor")
    private Executor cacheExecutor;
    @Bean
    public Caffeine caffeineCache() {
        return Caffeine.newBuilder()
                // 设置最后一次写入或访问后经过固定时间过期
                .expireAfterAccess(7, TimeUnit.DAYS)
                // 初始的缓存空间大小
                .initialCapacity(500)
                // 使用自定义线程池
                .executor(cacheExecutor)
                .removalListener(((key, value, cause) -> log.info("key:{} removed, removalCause:{}.", key, cause.name())))
                // 缓存的最大条数
                .maximumSize(1000);
    }
    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager() {
        CaffeineCacheManager caffeineCacheManager = new CaffeineCacheManager();
        caffeineCacheManager.setCaffeine(caffeineCache());
        // 不缓存空值
        caffeineCacheManager.setAllowNullValues(false);
        return caffeineCacheManager;
    }
}

@Slf4j
@Service
public class AddressService {
    public static final String CACHE_NAME = "caffeine:address";
    private static final AtomicLong ID_CREATOR = new AtomicLong(0);
    private Map addressMap;
    public AddressService() {
        addressMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
        addressMap.put(ID_CREATOR.incrementAndGet(), AddressDTO.builder().customerId(ID_CREATOR.get()).address("地址1").build());
        addressMap.put(ID_CREATOR.incrementAndGet(), AddressDTO.builder().customerId(ID_CREATOR.get()).address("地址2").build());
        addressMap.put(ID_CREATOR.incrementAndGet(), AddressDTO.builder().customerId(ID_CREATOR.get()).address("地址3").build());
    }
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = {CACHE_NAME}, key = "#customerId")
    public AddressDTO getAddress(long customerId) {
        log.info("customerId：{} 没有走缓存，开始从数据库查询", customerId);
        return addressMap.get(customerId);
    }
    @CachePut(cacheNames = {CACHE_NAME}, key = "#result.customerId")
    public AddressDTO create(String address) {
        long customerId = ID_CREATOR.incrementAndGet();
        AddressDTO addressDTO = AddressDTO.builder().customerId(customerId).address(address).build();
        addressMap.put(customerId, addressDTO);
        return addressDTO;
    }
    @CachePut(cacheNames = {CACHE_NAME}, key = "#result.customerId")
    public AddressDTO update(Long customerId, String address) {
        AddressDTO addressDTO = addressMap.get(customerId);
        if (addressDTO == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("没有 customerId = " + customerId + "的地址");
        }
        addressDTO.setAddress(address);
        return addressDTO;
    }
    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = {CACHE_NAME}, key = "#customerId")
    public boolean delete(long customerId) {
        log.info("缓存 {} 被删除", customerId);
        return true;
    }
}

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = CaffeineApplication.class)
@Slf4j
public class CaffeineApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private AddressService addressService;
    @Autowired
    private CacheManager cacheManager;
    @Test
    public void testCache() {
        // 插入缓存 和数据库
        AddressDTO newInsert = addressService.create("南山大道");
        // 要走缓存
        AddressDTO address = addressService.getAddress(newInsert.getCustomerId());
        long customerId = 2;
        // 第一次未命中缓存，打印 customerId：{} 没有走缓存，开始从数据库查询
        AddressDTO address2 = addressService.getAddress(customerId);
        // 命中缓存
        AddressDTO cacheAddress2 = addressService.getAddress(customerId);
        // 更新数据库和缓存
        addressService.update(customerId, "地址 2 被修改");
        // 更新后查询，依然命中缓存
        AddressDTO hitCache2 = addressService.getAddress(customerId);
        Assert.assertEquals(hitCache2.getAddress(), "地址 2 被修改");
        // 删除缓存
        addressService.delete(customerId);
        // 未命中缓存, 从数据库读取
        AddressDTO hit = addressService.getAddress(customerId);
        System.out.println(hit.getCustomerId());
    }
}