7.6 yum更换国内源
[root@adai002 Packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsdvd.repo
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* .[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo先删除默认yum源，然后使用wget命令建立新yum源：[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo-bash: wget: 未找到命令此时wget命令未安装，同时删除了yum源文件，无法安装wget包。所以用下面的方法：“curl命令”[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 1572 100 1572 0 0 8959 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 8982[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
说明： 执行完curl命令后，原有yum源文件CentOS-Base.repo被替换成CentOS7-Base-163.repo。查看该yum源文件：
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo## CentOS-Base.repo## The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.## If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead.##[base]name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=osbaseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#released updates[updates]name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates "CentOS7-Base-163.repo" 41L, 1572C
其镜像文件地址更换为：“baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/”。
注： 该过程中使用的yum源需要事先下载。
Finished！
7.7 yum下载rpm包
安装扩展源epel
安装一个扩展源文件（epel-release）即可：
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release……已安装: epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 完毕！[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
安装完成后，yum.repos.d/下增加“epel.repo”、“epel-testing.repo”两个文件：
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo[epel]name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearchmirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearchfailovermethod=priorityenabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7……
查看：
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum list……zulucrypt-doc.noarch 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zulucrypt-libs.x86_64 5.0.1-1.el7 epel zvbi.x86_64 0.2.35-1.el7 epel ……
增加了很多来自epel库的rpm包。
下载rpm包
下载
命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh --downloadonly已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile……zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:02 exiting because "Download Only" specified[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh未安装软件包 zsh
即，该命令的含义就是只下载不安装。
下载的包默认保存位置为：
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packageszsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
自定义下载目录
命令：yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/(自定义目录)
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
下载一个已经安装过的包：
[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net软件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本无须任何处理[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加载插件：fastestmirror……[root@adai002 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpmzsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
说明： 当下一个已经安装过的包时系统不会执行任何操作，此时可以使用“reinstall”来下该包。
7.8-7.9 源码包安装
先下载一个源码包！
注： 今后所有源码包放到目录“/usr/local/src/”！！！
[root@adai002 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz 下载Apache！该地址来自于“阿铭码市”。下载完后解压该文件：[root@adai002 src]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz[root@adai002 src]# lshttpd-2.2.32 httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz查看文件httpd-2.2.32的内容：[root@adai002 src]# cd httpd-2.2.32[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# lsABOUT_APACHE CHANGES httpd.dsp libhttpd.dep NOTICE serveracinclude.m4 config.layout httpd.mak libhttpd.dsp NWGNUmakefile srclibApache.dsw configure httpd.spec libhttpd.mak os supportbuild configure.in include LICENSE README testBuildAll.dsp docs INSTALL Makefile.in README.platforms VERSIONINGBuildBin.dsp emacs-style InstallBin.dsp Makefile.win README-win32.txtbuildconf httpd.dep LAYOUT modules ROADMAP
安装Apache：
① [root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2checking for chosen layout... Apachechecking for working mkdir -p... yes……checking for chosen layout... aprchecking for gcc... nochecking for cc... no当某命令运行结束后，使用"echo $?"检验其是否正确：[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?1当该值为0时表示上一条命令正确，如果值为1则错误。此处值为1，即上面命令错误，查看其安装过程发现“checking for gcc... no”――表示“gcc”编译器不存在，所以需要先安装gcc编译器：[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# yum install -y gcc…………完毕！[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2再次安装。[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?0检测，正确。②[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# make 编译！……[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?0③[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# make install……[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# echo $?0每次命令执行完后用“echo $?”进行检测，确保其正确。安装完成！查看其安装目录的内容：[root@adai002 httpd-2.2.32]# ls /usr/local/apache2/bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons inc
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