Python实现遍历读取文件或文件夹_python

path = r'D:\data'
items = os.listdir(path) # ==> ['1.bmp', '2.bmp', 'a', 'b']


path = r'D:\data'
# part 1
for items in os.walk(path):
print(items)
# part 2
for main_dir, sub_dir_list, sub_file_list in os.walk(path):
print(main_dir, sub_dir_list, sub_file_list)


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
def file_ext(filename, level=1):
"""
return extension of filename
Parameters:
-----------
filename: str
name of file, path can be included
level: int
level of extension.
for example, if filename is 'sky.png.bak', the 1st level extension
is 'bak', and the 2nd level extension is 'png'
Returns:
--------
extension of filename
"""
return filename.split('.')[-level]
def _contain_file(path, extensions):
"""
check whether path contains any file whose extension is in extensions list
Parameters:
-----------
path: str
path to be checked
extensions: str or list/tuple of str
extension or extensions list
Returns:
--------
return True if contains, else return False
"""
assert os.path.exists(path), 'path must exist'
assert os.path.isdir(path), 'path must be dir'
if isinstance(extensions, str):
extensiOns= [extensions]
for file in os.listdir(path):
if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, file)):
if (extensions is None) or (file_ext(file) in extensions):
return True
return False
def _process_extensions(extensiOns=None):
"""
preprocess and check extensions, if extensions is str, convert it to list.
Parameters:
-----------
extensions: str or list/tuple of str
file extensions
Returns:
--------
extensions: list/tuple of str
file extensions
"""
if extensions is not None:
if isinstance(extensions, str):
extensiOns= [extensions]
assert isinstance(extensions, (list, tuple)), \
'extensions must be str or list/tuple of str'
for ext in extensions:
assert isinstance(ext, str), 'extension must be str'
return extensions
def get_files(path, extensiOns=None, is_recursive=True):
"""
read files in path. if extensions is None, read all files, if extensions
are specified, only read the files who have one of the extensions. if
is_recursive is True, recursively read all files, if is_recursive is False,
only read files in current path.
Parameters:
-----------
path: str
path to be read
extensions: str or list/tuple of str
file extensions
is_recursive: bool
whether read files recursively. read recursively is True, while just
read files in current path if False
Returns:
--------
files: the obtained files in path
"""
extensiOns= _process_extensions(extensions)
files = []
# get files in current path
if not is_recursive:
for name in os.listdir(path):
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
if os.path.isfile(fullname):
if (extensions is None) or (file_ext(fullname) in extensions):
files.append(fullname)
return files
# get files recursively
for main_dir, _, sub_file_list in os.walk(path):
for filename in sub_file_list:
fullname = os.path.join(main_dir, filename)
if (extensions is None) or (file_ext(fullname) in extensions):
files.append(fullname)
return files
def get_folders(path, extensiOns=None, is_recursive=True):
"""
read folders in path. if extensions is None, read all folders, if
extensions are specified, only read the folders who contain any files that
have one of the extensions. if is_recursive is True, recursively read all
folders, if is_recursive is False, only read folders in current path.
Parameters:
-----------
path: str
path to be read
extensions: str or list/tuple of str
file extensions
is_recursive: bool
whether read folders recursively. read recursively is True, while just
read folders in current path if False
Returns:
--------
folders: the obtained folders in path
"""
extensiOns= _process_extensions(extensions)
folders = []
# get folders in current path
if not is_recursive:
for name in os.listdir(path):
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
if os.path.isdir(fullname):
if (extensions is None) or \
(_contain_file(fullname, extensions)):
folders.append(fullname)
return folders
# get folders recursively
for main_dir, _, _ in os.walk(path):
if (extensions is None) or (_contain_file(main_dir, extensions)):
folders.append(main_dir)
return folders
if __name__ == '__main__':
path = r'.\data'
files = get_files(path)
print(files) # ==> ['D:\\data\\1.bmp', 'D:\\data\\2.bmp', 'D:\\data\\a\\a1.bmp', 'D:\\data\\b\\b1.bmp']
folders = get_folders(path)
print(folders) # ==> ['D:\\data', 'D:\\data\\a', 'D:\\data\\b']