Python——对象自省

自省在计算机编程领域里&＃xff0c;是指在运行时判断一个对象的类型和能力。

dir

能够返回一个列表&＃xff0c;列举了 一个对象所拥有的属性和方法。

my_list &＃61; [1,2,3]
print(dir(my_list))
"""
[&＃39;__add__&＃39;, &＃39;__class__&＃39;, &＃39;__contains__&＃39;, &＃39;__delattr__&＃39;, &＃39;__delitem__&＃39;, &＃39;__dir__&＃39;, &＃39;__doc__&＃39;, &＃39;__eq__&＃39;, &＃39;__format__&＃39;, &＃39;__ge__&＃39;, &＃39;__getattribute__&＃39;, &＃39;__getitem__&＃39;, &＃39;__gt__&＃39;, &＃39;__hash__&＃39;, &＃39;__iadd__&＃39;, &＃39;__imul__&＃39;, &＃39;__init__&＃39;, &＃39;__init_subclass__&＃39;, &＃39;__iter__&＃39;, &＃39;__le__&＃39;, &＃39;__len__&＃39;, &＃39;__lt__&＃39;, &＃39;__mul__&＃39;, &＃39;__ne__&＃39;, &＃39;__new__&＃39;, &＃39;__reduce__&＃39;, &＃39;__reduce_ex__&＃39;, &＃39;__repr__&＃39;, &＃39;__reversed__&＃39;, &＃39;__rmul__&＃39;, &＃39;__setattr__&＃39;, &＃39;__setitem__&＃39;, &＃39;__sizeof__&＃39;, &＃39;__str__&＃39;, &＃39;__subclasshook__&＃39;, &＃39;append&＃39;, &＃39;clear&＃39;, &＃39;copy&＃39;, &＃39;count&＃39;, &＃39;extend&＃39;, &＃39;index&＃39;, &＃39;insert&＃39;, &＃39;pop&＃39;, &＃39;remove&＃39;, &＃39;reverse&＃39;, &＃39;sort&＃39;]
"""


这有助于我们寻找方法。

type

返回一个对象的类型。

print(type(""))
print(type([]))
print(type({}))
print(type(dict))
print(type(3))
"""





"""


id

返回任意不同种类对象的唯一ID

name &＃61; "Yasoob"
print(id(name))
# 2503965553328


inspect

inspect模块提供了很多有用的函数&＃xff0c;来获取活跃对象的信息

import inspect
print(inspect.getmembers(str))
"""
[(&＃39;__add__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__class__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__contains__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__delattr__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__dir__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__doc__&＃39;, "str(object&＃61;&＃39;&＃39;) -> str\nstr(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str\n\nCreate a new string object from the given object. If encoding or\nerrors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer\nthat will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.\nOtherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)\nor repr(object).\nencoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().\nerrors defaults to &＃39;strict&＃39;."), (&＃39;__eq__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__format__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__ge__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__getattribute__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__getitem__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__getnewargs__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__gt__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__hash__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__init__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__init_subclass__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__iter__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__le__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__len__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__lt__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__mod__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__mul__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__ne__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__new__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__reduce__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__reduce_ex__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__repr__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__rmod__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__rmul__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__setattr__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__sizeof__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__str__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;__subclasshook__&＃39;, ), (&＃39;capitalize&＃39;, ), (&＃39;casefold&＃39;, ), (&＃39;center&＃39;, ), (&＃39;count&＃39;, ), (&＃39;encode&＃39;, ), (&＃39;endswith&＃39;, ), (&＃39;expandtabs&＃39;, ), (&＃39;find&＃39;, ), (&＃39;format&＃39;, ), (&＃39;format_map&＃39;, ), (&＃39;index&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isalnum&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isalpha&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isascii&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isdecimal&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isdigit&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isidentifier&＃39;, ), (&＃39;islower&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isnumeric&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isprintable&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isspace&＃39;, ), (&＃39;istitle&＃39;, ), (&＃39;isupper&＃39;, ), (&＃39;join&＃39;, ), (&＃39;ljust&＃39;, ), (&＃39;lower&＃39;, ), (&＃39;lstrip&＃39;, ), (&＃39;maketrans&＃39;, ), (&＃39;partition&＃39;, ), (&＃39;replace&＃39;, ), (&＃39;rfind&＃39;, ), (&＃39;rindex&＃39;, ), (&＃39;rjust&＃39;, ), (&＃39;rpartition&＃39;, ), (&＃39;rsplit&＃39;, ), (&＃39;rstrip&＃39;, ), (&＃39;split&＃39;, ), (&＃39;splitlines&＃39;, ), (&＃39;startswith&＃39;, ), (&＃39;strip&＃39;, ), (&＃39;swapcase&＃39;, ), (&＃39;title&＃39;, ), (&＃39;translate&＃39;, ), (&＃39;upper&＃39;, ), (&＃39;zfill&＃39;, )]
"""