查看命令的方式：1.在shell中运行db.listCommands()2.在浏览器中访问管理员接口：http://ipaddress:28017/_commands下面介绍在Mongodb中最经常使用的命令，具体如下：命令：buildInfo格式：{buildInfo:1}介绍：管理专用命令，返回Mongodb服务器
查看命令的方式：
1.在shell中运行db.listCommands()
2.在浏览器中访问管理员接口：http://ipaddress:28017/_commands
下面介绍在Mongodb中最经常使用的命令，具体如下：
命令：buildInfo
格式：{"buildInfo":1}
介绍：管理专用命令，返回Mongodb服务器的版本号和主机的操作系统。
示例：
> db.runCommand({"buildInfo":1}){ "version" : "2.0.6",
"gitVersion" : "e1c0cbc25863f6356aa4e31375add7bb49fb05bc",
"sysInfo" : "Linux domU-12-31-39-01-70-B4 2.6.21.7-2.fc8xen #1 SMP
Fri Feb 15 12:39:36 EST 2008 i686 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_41",
"versionArray" : [ 2, 0, 6, 0 ], "bits" : 32, "debug" : false,
"maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1}
命令：collStats
格式：{"collStats":collection}
介绍：返回指定集合的统计信息，包括数据大小、已分配的存储空间和索引的大小。
示例：
> db.runCommand({"collStats":"users"}){ "ns" : "test.users",
"count" : 3, "size" : 508, "avgObjSize" : 169.33333333333334,
"storageSize" : 4096, "numExtents" : 1, "nindexes" : 2,
"lastExtentSize" : 4096, "paddingFactor" : 1.51, "flags" : 0,
"totalIndexSize" : 16352, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 8176, "name_1"
: 8176 }, "ok" : 1}
命令：distinct
格式：{"distinct":collection,"key":key,"query":query}
介绍：列出指定集合中满足查询条件的文档的指定键的所有不同值
示例：
>
db.runCommand({"distinct":"foo","key":"name","query":{"age":{"$gt":20}}}){
"values" : [ "gongyong", "chenzhou", "yixin" ], "stats" : { "n" :
4, "nscanned" : 6, "nscannedObjects" : 6, "timems" : 50, "cursor" :
"BasicCursor" }, "ok" : 1}
命令：drop
格式：{"drop":collection}
介绍：删除集合的所有数据
示例：
> db.bbb.save({"x":1,"y":2})#先往bbb中存一条记录> db.bbb.find()
#查询bbb中的数据{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d919831a10b0f6e61385"), "x" : 1,
"y" : 2 }#使用drop命令删除bbb集合中的数据> db.runCommand({"drop":"bbb"}){
"nIndexesWas" : 1, "msg" : "indexes dropped for collection", "ns" :
"test.bbb", "ok" : 1}> db.bbb.find() #再次查询，结果为空
命令：dropDatabase
格式：{"dropDatabase":1}
介绍：删除当前数据库中的所有数据
示例：略
命令：dropIndexes
格式：{"dropIndexes":collection,"index":name}
介绍：删除集合里面名称为name的索引，如果名称为"*"，则删除全部索引。
示例：
> db.system.indexes.find(){ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 },
"ns" : "test.foo", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1
}, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id"
: 1 }, "ns" : "test.games", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : {
"_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.blog.post", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1,
"key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.lists", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v"
: 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.math", "name" : "_id_" }{
"v" : 1, "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" :
"name_1" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.map",
"name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "gps" : "2d" }, "ns" :
"test.map", "name" : "gps_", "min" : -180, "max" : 181 }>
db.runCommand({"dropIndexes":"users","index":"name_1"}){
"nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }> db.system.indexes.find(){ "v" :
1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.foo", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v"
: 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "_id_" }{
"v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.games", "name" :
"_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.blog.post",
"name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" :
"test.lists", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 },
"ns" : "test.math", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1
}, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "gps" :
"2d" }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "gps_", "min" : -180, "max" :
181 }
命令：findAndModify
格式：
介绍：查找并修改
示例：
> db.foo.find({"name":"yixin"}){ "_id" :
ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 23
}> db.runCommand({"findAndModify":"foo",...
"query":{"name":"yixin"},... "update":{"$inc":{"age":1}}})
#把name为yixin的记录中age值加1{ "lastErrorObject" : { "updatedExisting" :
true, "n" : 1, "connectionId" : 2, "err" : null, "ok" : 1 },
"value" : { "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" :
"yixin", "age" : 23 }, "ok" : 1}> db.foo.find({"name":"yixin"}){
"_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin",
"age" : 24 }
命令：getLastError
格式：{"getLastError":1[ , "w":w[ , "wtimeout":timeout}
介绍：查看对本集合执行的最后一次操作的错误信息或者其它状态信息。在w台服务器复制集合的最后操作之前，这个命令会阻塞。
示例：
> db.runCommand({"getLastError":1}){ "n" : 0, "connectionId"
: 2, "err" : null, "ok" : 1 }
命令：isMaster
格式：{"isMaster":1}
介绍：检查本服务器是主服务器还是从服务器
示例：
> db.runCommand({"isMaster":1}){ "ismaster" : true,
"maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1 }
命令：listCommands
格式：{"listCommands":1}
介绍：返回所有可以在服务器上运行的命令及相关信息。
示例： 返回结果太多，示例就省略了
命令：listDatabases
格式：{"listDatabases":1}
介绍：管理专用命令，列出服务器上所有的数据库
示例：
> db.runCommand({"listDatabases":1}){ "errmsg" : "access
denied; use admin db", "ok" : 0 }#报错，提示访问被拒绝，要求必须使用admin数据库> use
admin #切换到admin数据库switched to db admin>
db.runCommand({"listDatabases":1}){ "databases" : [ { "name" :
"test", "sizeOnDisk" : 67108864, "empty" : false }, { "name" :
"results", "sizeOnDisk" : 67108864, "empty" : false }, { "name" :
"admin", "sizeOnDisk" : 1, "empty" : true }, { "name" : "local",
"sizeOnDisk" : 1, "empty" : true } ], "totalSize" : 134217728, "ok"
: 1}
命令：ping
格式：{"ping":1}
介绍：检查服务器链接是否正常。即便服务器上锁了，这条命令也会立刻返回
示例：
> db.runCommand({"ping":1}){ "ok" : 1 }
命令：renameCollection
格式：{"renameCollection":a,"to":b}
介绍：将集合a重命名为b，其中a和b都必须是完整的集合命名空间（例如"test.foo"代表test数据库中的foo集合）
示例：
> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"foo","to":"foo_bak"}){
"errmsg" : "access denied; use admin db", "ok" : 0 }> use
adminswitched to db admin>
db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"foo","to":"foo_bak"}){ "errmsg"
: "exception: source namespace does not exist", "code" : 10026,
"ok" : 0}>
db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"test.foo","to":"test.foo_bak"}){
"ok" : 1 }> db.foo_bak.find()> use testswitched to db
test> db.foo_bak.find(){ "_id" :
ObjectId("502149203e2ff9961cc7b555"), "name" : "chenzhou" }{ "_id"
: ObjectId("502149353e2ff9961cc7b556"), "age" : 23 }{ "_id" :
ObjectId("5021495c3e2ff9961cc7b557"), "name" : "gongyong", "age" :
26 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("50214ad63e2ff9961cc7b558"), "name" :
"chenzhou", "age" : 22, "friends" : 500, "enemies" : 2 }{ "_id" :
123, "x" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"),
"name" : "yixin", "age" : 24 }
命令：repairDatabase
格式：{"repairDatabase":1}
介绍：修复并压缩当前数据库，这个操作可能非常耗时。
示例：略
命令：serverStatus
格式：{"serverStatus":1}
介绍：返回这台服务器的管理统计信息。
示例：
> db.runCommand({"serverStatus":1}){ "host" :
"localhost.localdomain", "version" : "2.0.6", "process" : "mongod",
"uptime" : 3661, "uptimeEstimate" : 2987, "localTime" :
ISODate("2012-08-12T17:07:05.076Z"), "globalLock" : { "totalTime" :
3659420009, "lockTime" : 609397, "ratio" : 0.00016652830188971076,
"currentQueue" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 },
"activeClients" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 } },
"mem" : { "bits" : 32, "resident" : 45, "virtual" : 158,
"supported" : true, "mapped" : 64 }, "connections" : { "current" :
1, "available" : 818 }, "extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by
platform", "heap_usage_bytes" : 491848, "page_faults" : 0 },
"indexCounters" : { "btree" : { "accesses" : 1, "hits" : 1,
"misses" : 0, "resets" : 0, "missRatio" : 0 } },
"backgroundFlushing" : { "flushes" : 60, "total_ms" : 119,
"average_ms" : 1.9833333333333334, "last_ms" : 0, "last_finished" :
ISODate("2012-08-12T17:06:05.816Z") }, "cursors" : { "totalOpen" :
0, "clientCursors_size" : 0, "timedOut" : 0 }, "network" : {
"bytesIn" : 7312, "bytesOut" : 63515, "numRequests" : 102 },
"opcounters" : { "insert" : 2, "query" : 29, "update" : 1, "delete"
: 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 75 }, "asserts" : { "regular" : 0,
"warning" : 0, "msg" : 0, "user" : 1, "rollovers" : 0 },
"writeBacksQueued" : false, "ok" : 1}
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