马哥linux培训第一周作业

发布一个k8s部署视频&＃xff1a;https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/26967

课程内容&＃xff1a;各种k8s部署方式。包括minikube部署&＃xff0c;kubeadm部署&＃xff0c;kubeasz部署&＃xff0c;rancher部署&＃xff0c;k3s部署。包括开发测试环境部署k8s&＃xff0c;和生产环境部署k8s。

腾讯课堂连接地址https://ke.qq.com/course/478827?taid&＃61;4373109931462251&tuin&＃61;ba64518

第二个视频发布  https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/27109

腾讯课堂连接地址https://ke.qq.com/course/484107?tuin&＃61;ba64518

介绍主要的k8s资源的使用配置和命令。包括configmap&＃xff0c;pod&＃xff0c;service&＃xff0c;replicaset&＃xff0c;namespace&＃xff0c;deployment&＃xff0c;daemonset&＃xff0c;ingress&＃xff0c;pv&＃xff0c;pvc&＃xff0c;sc&＃xff0c;role&＃xff0c;rolebinding&＃xff0c;clusterrole&＃xff0c;clusterrolebinding&＃xff0c;secret&＃xff0c;serviceaccount&＃xff0c;statefulset&＃xff0c;job&＃xff0c;cronjob&＃xff0c;podDisruptionbudget&＃xff0c;podSecurityPolicy,networkPolicy,resourceQuota&＃xff0c;limitrange&＃xff0c;endpoint&＃xff0c;event&＃xff0c;conponentstatus&＃xff0c;node&＃xff0c;apiservice&＃xff0c;controllerRevision等。

第三个视频发布&＃xff1a;https://edu.csdn.net/course/detail/27574

详细介绍helm命令&＃xff0c;学习helm chart语法&＃xff0c;编写helm chart。深入分析各项目源码&＃xff0c;学习编写helm插件
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1、描述计算机的组成及其功能。

计算机由cpu&＃xff0c;内存&＃xff0c;io设备组成

cpu是由计算器和控制器组成。

常用io包括&＃xff0c;键盘&＃xff0c;显示器&＃xff0c;磁盘&＃xff0c;网卡

内存负责运行时数据存取

io主要用于数据输入输出

2按系列罗列Linux的发行版&＃xff0c;并描述不同发行版之间的联系与区别

linux的主流发行版有debian&＃xff0c;redhat&＃xff0c;gentoo&＃xff0c;slackware&＃xff0c;suse&＃xff0c;arch

Debian

     ubuntu

            mint

    knopix

slackware

    suse

          opensuse

redhat

     ehel

         centos

    fedore core

gentoo

archlinux

各发行版公用同一个linux内核。linux发行版分为个人版和企业版&＃xff0c;区别主要是软件库不同&＃xff0c;启动系统服务不同&＃xff0c;开机启动项不同&＃xff0c;网络配置方式不同。

3描述Linux的哲学思想&＃xff0c;并按照自己的理解对其进行解释性描述。

linux哲学思想有&＃xff1a;

1一切兼文件

2组合众多小程序完成复杂功能

4说明Linux系统上命令的使用格式&＃xff1b;详细介绍ifconfig、echo、tty、startx、export、pwd、history、shutdown、poweroff、reboot、hwclock、date命令的使用&＃xff0c;并配合相应的示例来阐述。

ifconfig&＃xff1a;

   查看所有激活的网络配置 

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags&＃61;4099 mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 02:42:4f:1e:bb:83 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33: flags&＃61;4163 mtu 1500inet 192.168.198.141 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.198.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:100e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20ether 00:0c:29:e9:10:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 66941 bytes 4564903 (4.3 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 288472 bytes 18206331 (17.3 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags&＃61;73 mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)RX packets 7734601 bytes 728193439 (694.4 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 7734601 bytes 728193439 (694.4 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

查看某块网卡的网络配置&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags&＃61;4163 mtu 1500inet 192.168.198.141 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.198.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:100e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20ether 00:0c:29:e9:10:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 66975 bytes 4567679 (4.3 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 288567 bytes 18214157 (17.3 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

查看所有网卡的网络配置&＃xff0c;包括未激活&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig -a
docker0: flags&＃61;4099 mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 02:42:4f:1e:bb:83 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33: flags&＃61;4163 mtu 1500inet 192.168.198.141 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.198.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:100e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20ether 00:0c:29:e9:10:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 67034 bytes 4571817 (4.3 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 288746 bytes 18225931 (17.3 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags&＃61;73 mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)RX packets 7744705 bytes 729358117 (695.5 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 7744705 bytes 729358117 (695.5 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

禁用某块网卡&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0 down
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags&＃61;4163 mtu 1500inet 192.168.198.141 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.198.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:100e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20ether 00:0c:29:e9:10:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 67303 bytes 4593512 (4.3 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 289093 bytes 18263821 (17.4 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags&＃61;73 mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)RX packets 7751096 bytes 729971860 (696.1 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 7751096 bytes 729971860 (696.1 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

启用某块网卡&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0 up
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig
docker0: flags&＃61;4099 mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0ether 02:42:4f:1e:bb:83 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33: flags&＃61;4163 mtu 1500inet 192.168.198.141 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.198.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee9:100e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20ether 00:0c:29:e9:10:0e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 67402 bytes 4600878 (4.3 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 289299 bytes 18278599 (17.4 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags&＃61;73 mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)RX packets 7754146 bytes 730141910 (696.3 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 7754146 bytes 730141910 (696.3 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

设置IP地址&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0
docker0: flags&＃61;4099 mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.17.0.255ether 02:42:4f:1e:bb:83 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

取消multicast功能&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0 -multicast
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0
docker0: flags&＃61;3 mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.17.0.255ether 02:42:4f:1e:bb:83 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

启用multicast功能

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0 multicast
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# ifconfig docker0
docker0: flags&＃61;4099 mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.17.0.255ether 02:42:4f:1e:bb:83 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

echo ,显示文字

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo "hello \n world"
hello \n world

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo -e "hello \n world"
hello world

tty显示终端号

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# tty
/dev/pts/1

startx&＃xff1a;启动图像界面

export&＃xff1a;导出环境变量

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# b&＃61;1
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# c&＃61;2
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# bash
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo $b[root&＃64;node1 ~]# exit
exit
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# export b
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# bash
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo $b
1
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo $c[root&＃64;node1 ~]#

pwd打印当前工作目录&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# pwd
/root
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#

history命令历史&＃xff1a;

查看内存中命令历史&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history12 history13 cat .bash_history 14 history

清空内存中命令历史&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history -c
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history12 history
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#

命令历史记录文件&＃xff1a;

more .bash_history

将内存中的命令历史追加到历史文件&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history -a

将内存中命令历史覆盖命令历史文件&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history -w
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# cat .bash_history
history
more .bash_history
history -a
cat .bash_history
history -a
history -w
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#

删除某一位置命令历史&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history12 history13 more .bash_history 14 history -a15 cat .bash_history16 history -a17 history -w18 cat .bash_history 19 history
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history -d 18
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history12 history13 more .bash_history 14 history -a15 cat .bash_history16 history -a17 history -w18 history19 history -d 1820 history

读取命令历史文件命令到内存中&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history -r
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# history12 history13 history -n14 history15 history -r16 history17 more .bash_history 18 history -a19 cat .bash_history20 history -a21 history -w22 history

相关环境变量&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo $HISTFILE
/root/.bash_history
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# echo $HISTSIZE
1000
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#

shutdown关机&＃xff1a;

关机取消关机&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# shutdown
Shutdown scheduled for Sat 2018-06-23 11:42:41 CST, use &＃39;shutdown -c&＃39; to cancel.
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#
Broadcast message from root&＃64;node1 (Sat 2018-06-23 11:41:41 CST):The system is going down for power-off at Sat 2018-06-23 11:42:41 CST!^C
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# shutdown -c
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#
Broadcast message from root&＃64;node1 (Sat 2018-06-23 11:41:51 CST):The system shutdown has been cancelled at Sat 2018-06-23 11:42:51 CST!

重启&＃xff1a;

shutdown -r

5分钟后重启&＃xff0c;并提示信息

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# shutdown -r &＃43;5 "be careful going to reboot"
Shutdown scheduled for Sat 2018-06-23 11:51:58 CST, use &＃39;shutdown -c&＃39; to cancel.
[root&＃64;node1 ~]#
Broadcast message from root&＃64;node1 (Sat 2018-06-23 11:46:58 CST):be careful going to reboot
The system is going down for reboot at Sat 2018-06-23 11:51:58 CST!

poweroff&＃xff1a;直接关机

reboot&＃xff1a;重启

hwclock&＃xff1a;硬件时钟

查看硬件时钟&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# hwclock -r
Sat 23 Jun 2018 11:56:17 AM CST -0.287433 seconds

写入当前系统时间到硬件&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# hwclock -w
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# hwclock -r
Sat 23 Jun 2018 11:57:26 AM CST -0.443789 seconds

设置硬件时钟为某个时间&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# hwclock --set --date&＃61;"2011-08-14 16:45:05"
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# hwclock -r
Sun 14 Aug 2011 04:45:12 PM CST -1.025827 seconds

date&＃xff1a;显示设置系统时间

显示当前时间&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date
Sat Jun 23 12:02:48 CST 2018

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date &＃43;&＃39;%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %W&＃39;
2018-06-23 12:10:58 25

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "tomorrow"
Sun Jun 24 12:08:34 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "yesterday"
Fri Jun 22 12:08:43 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "1 hour"
Sat Jun 23 13:08:48 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "2 day ago"
Thu Jun 21 12:08:54 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "3 month ago"
Fri Mar 23 12:08:59 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "2 year"
Tue Jun 23 12:09:04 CST 2020
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "last friday"
Fri Jun 22 00:00:00 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "next week"
Sat Jun 30 12:09:19 CST 2018
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -d "next month"
Mon Jul 23 12:09:26 CST 2018

设置时间&＃xff1a;

[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date -s "20200101 10:01:10"
Wed Jan 1 10:01:10 CST 2020
[root&＃64;node1 ~]# date
Wed Jan 1 10:01:14 CST 2020

5、如何在Linux系统上获取命令的帮助信息&＃xff0c;请详细列出&＃xff0c;并描述man文档的章节是如何划分的。

获取命令帮助的方式有&＃xff1a;

help command

man command

command --help 

info command

man各章节的含义&＃xff1a;&＃xff08;数字表示章节&＃xff09;

1、所有用户可以使用的命令
2、系统内核调用&＃xff0c;不是每个命令都有系统调用&＃xff08;如&＃xff1a;man 2 read&＃xff09;
3、库调用
4、特殊文件&＃xff0c;如&＃xff1a;/dev/tty1
5、文件格式&＃xff08;命令配置文件的语法&＃xff0c;如&＃xff1a;man 5 passwd&＃xff09;
6、游戏相关
7、杂项

8、管理员命令&＃xff0c;如&＃xff1a;fdisk

6、请罗列Linux发行版的基础目录名称命名法则及功用规定

/bin  普通用户命令

/sbin 管理员命令

/etc 配置文件

/usr 用户安装程序位置

/opt 第三方程序

/proc 系统内存状态伪文件系统

/sys 伪文件系统

/boot 启动时使用到的文件

/tmp 临时目录

/root 管理员家目录

/home 用户目录根

/dev 设备文件目录

/mnt 挂载点目录

/var 可变状态存储