大纲
一、引子&＃xff08;案例&＃xff09;
二、持久连接定义与原理
三、持久连接分类
四、持久连接命令
五、LVS-DR模式
六、PPC 演示
七、PCC 演示
八、PNMP 演示
注&＃xff1a;实验环境&＃xff0c;操作系统 CentOS 6.4 X86_64
一、引子&＃xff08;案例&＃xff09;
对于电子商务网站来说&＃xff0c;用户在挑选商品的时候使用的是80端口来浏览的&＃xff0c;当付款的时候则是通过443的ssl加密的方式&＃xff0c;当然当用户挑选完商品付款的时候&＃xff0c;我们当然不希望https的443跳转到另外一台REAL SERVER上&＃xff0c;很显然应该是同一REAL SERVER才对&＃xff0c;这时候就要用到基于防火墙标记的持久连接&＃xff0c;通过定义端口的姻亲关系来实现。在生产环境中用的最多的也是PNMP即基于防火墙标记的持久连接。好了引子就说到这下面我们就来详细说说LVS的持久连接……
二、持久连接定义与原理
1.定义
持久连接是指无论使用什么算法&＃xff0c;LVS持久都能实现在一定时间内&＃xff0c;将来自同一个客户端请求派发至此前选定的RS。
2.原理
当使用LVS持久性的时候&＃xff0c;Director在内部使用一个连接根据记录称之为“持久连接模板”来确保所有来自同一个客户端的请求被分发到同一台Real Server上。
说明&＃xff1a;持久连接模板是指每一个客户端 及分配给它的RS的映射关系&＃xff1b;
三、持久连接分类
1.PPC&＃xff08;Persistent Port Connections&＃xff09;&＃xff1a;将来自于同一个客户端对同一个集群服务的请求&＃xff0c;始终定向至此前选定的RS&＃xff1b;&＃xff08;持久端口连接&＃xff09;
例如&＃xff1a;client---->LVS(80)---->RS1 或 client---->LVS(23)---->RS2
缺陷&＃xff1a;期望访问不同的端口到同一台RS上&＃xff0c;无法实现。
配置&＃xff1a;
ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:80 -s rr -p 3600
ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:80 -r 172.16.100.10 -g -w 2
ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:80 -r 172.16.100.11 -g -w 2
2.PCC&＃xff08;Persistent Client Connections&＃xff09;&＃xff1a;将来自于同一个客户端对所有端口的请求&＃xff0c;始终定向至此前选定的RS&＃xff1b;&＃xff08;持久客户端连接&＃xff09;
说明&＃xff1a;PCC是一个虚拟服务没有端口号&＃xff08;或者端口号为0&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;以"-p" 来标识服务。
缺陷&＃xff1a;定向所有服务&＃xff0c;期望访问不同的Real Server无法实现。
配置&＃xff1a;
ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:0 -s rr -p 3600
ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:0 -r 172.16.100.10 -g -w 2
ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:0 -r 172.16.100.11 -g -w 2
3.PNMPP&＃xff08;Persistent Netfilter Marked Packet Persistence&＃xff09;&＃xff1a;持久防火墙标记连接&＃xff0c;根据iptables 的规则&＃xff0c;将对于某类服务几个不同端口的访问定义为一类&＃xff1b;
先对某一特定类型的数据包打上标记&＃xff0c;然后再将基于某一类标记的服务送到后台的Real Server上去&＃xff0c;后台的Real Server 并不识别这些标记。将持久和防火墙标记结合起来就能够实现端口姻亲功能&＃xff0c;只要是来自某一客户端的对某一特定服务&＃xff08;需要不同的端口&＃xff09;的访问都定义到同一台Real Server上去。
案例&＃xff1a;一个用户在访问购物网站时同时使用HTTP&＃xff08;80&＃xff09;和HTTPS&＃xff08;443&＃xff09;两种协议&＃xff0c;我们需要将其定义到同一台Real Server上&＃xff0c;而其他的服务不受限制。
配置&＃xff1a;
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.100.1 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 8
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.100.1 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -j MARK --set-mark 8
ipvsadm -A -f 8 -s rr -p 600
ipvsadm -a -f 8 -r 172.16.100.10 -g -w 2
ipvsadm -a -f 8 -r 172.16.100.11 -g -w 1
四、持久连接命令
ipvsadm -A|E … -p timeout
选项
-p timeout 指定持久连接时长&＃xff0c;默认为360秒&＃xff0c;单位是秒&＃xff0c;即6分钟。
五、LVS-DR模式
1.实验效果图
2.具体说明
说明: 这里有四台虚拟机&＃xff0c;一台Director&＃xff0c;两台Real Server&＃xff0c;一台CA证书颁发机构&＃xff08;在演示PNMP时用到&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;所以有虚拟机都是单网卡&＃xff01;所有的网卡模式都是NAT模式&＃xff0c;方便与本机进行测试&＃xff01;
3.配置Director
(1).配置ip地址
eth0 172.16.100.2 DIP
eth0:0 172.16.100.1 VIP
(2).查看
[root&＃64;master ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E5:AE:A1inet addr:172.16.100.2 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fee5:aea1/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:143 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:21199 (20.7 KiB) TX bytes:15679 (15.3 KiB)
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:E5:AE:A1inet addr:172.16.100.1 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
4.配置Real Server 1
RS1:
eth0: 172.16.100.10 RIP
lo0:0 172.16.100.1 VIP
(1).关闭arp响应
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_announce&＃61;2
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce&＃61;2
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
(2).配置VIP
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 172.16.100.1 broadcast 172.16.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:91:45:90inet addr:172.16.100.10 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe91:4590/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:528 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:66150 (64.5 KiB) TX bytes:75461 (73.6 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:172.16.100.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
(3).增加路由
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# route add -host 172.16.100.1 dev lo:0
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.100.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo
172.16.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
(4).安装httpd
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html #增加测试页面
rs1.test.com
5.配置Real Server 2
RS2:
eth0: 172.16.100.11 RIP
lo0:0 172.16.100.1 VIP
(1).关闭arp响应
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.eth0.arp_announce&＃61;2
sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce&＃61;2
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
(2).配置VIP
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 172.16.100.1 broadcast 172.16.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:61:92:17inet addr:172.16.100.11 Bcast:172.16.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe61:9217/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:413 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:170 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:37254 (36.3 KiB) TX bytes:19865 (19.3 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:172.16.100.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
(3).增加路由
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# route add -host 172.16.100.1 dev lo:0
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
172.16.100.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo
172.16.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
(4).安装httpd
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html #增加测试页面
rs2.test.com
6.配置LVS-DR
[root&＃64;master ~]# yum install -y ipvsadm
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:80 -s rr #为了演示效果我这里用了rr调度算法
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:80 -r 172.16.100.10 -g -w 1
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:80 -r 172.16.100.11 -g -w 1
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:80 rr -> 172.16.100.10:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:80 Route 1 0 0
7.测试
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:80 rr -> 172.16.100.10:80 Route 1 0 12 -> 172.16.100.11:80 Route 1 0 12
准备工作全部完成下面我们来演示LVS持久连接功能&＃xff01;
六、PPC 演示
1.配置持久连接为3600秒
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -E -t 172.16.100.1:80 -s rr -p 3600
2.查看持久连接
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:80 rr persistent 3600 -> 172.16.100.10:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:80 Route 1 0 0
3.测试持久连接
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:80 rr persistent 3600 -> 172.16.100.10:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:80 Route 1 0 37
大家可以看到&＃xff0c;不断的刷新&＃xff0c;请求始终在Real Server 2上&＃xff01; 说明&＃xff0c;lvs持久连接 PPC 模式测试成功&＃xff0c;下面我们继续
4.在Real Server 1与Real Server2 上开启telnet 与 ssh 并做成集群
(1).安装telnet服务
RS1:
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# yum install -y telnet*
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{ flags &＃61; REUSE socket_type &＃61; stream wait &＃61; no user &＃61; root server &＃61; /usr/sbin/in.telnetd log_on_failure &＃43;&＃61; USERID disable &＃61; no #将yes改为no
}
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# service xinetd restart
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep :23
tcp 0 0 :::23 :::* LISTEN 2149/xinetd
RS2:
[root&＃64;rs ~]# yum install -y telnet*
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{ flags &＃61; REUSE socket_type &＃61; stream wait &＃61; no user &＃61; root server &＃61; /usr/sbin/in.telnetd log_on_failure &＃43;&＃61; USERID disable &＃61; no #将yes改为no
}
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# service xinetd restart
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep :23
tcp 0 0 :::23 :::* LISTEN 2149/xinetd
(2).增加user
说明&＃xff1a;由于telnet服务是拒绝root用户登录的&＃xff0c;所以我们增加一个free的用户&＃xff0c;密码为123456
RS1:
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# useradd free
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# passwd free
更改用户 free 的密码 。
新的 密码&＃xff1a;
无效的密码&＃xff1a; 过于简单化/系统化
无效的密码&＃xff1a; 过于简单
重新输入新的 密码&＃xff1a;
passwd&＃xff1a; 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
RS2:
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# useradd free
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# passwd free
更改用户 free 的密码 。
新的 密码&＃xff1a;
无效的密码&＃xff1a; 过于简单化/系统化
无效的密码&＃xff1a; 过于简单
重新输入新的 密码&＃xff1a;
passwd&＃xff1a; 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
(3).增加集群服务
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:80 -s rr -p 600
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:80 -r 172.16.100.10 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:80 -r 172.16.100.11 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:23 -s rr -p 600
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:23 -r 172.16.100.10 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:23 -r 172.16.100.11 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:22 -s rr -p 600
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:22 -r 172.16.100.10 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:22 -r 172.16.100.11 –g
(4).测试
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:22 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:22 Route 1 2 0 -> 172.16.100.11:22 Route 1 4 0
TCP 172.16.100.1:23 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:23 Route 1 3 0 -> 172.16.100.11:23 Route 1 6 0
TCP 172.16.100.1:80 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:80 Route 1 0 39
总结&＃xff0c;以上测试证明了&＃xff0c;PPC模式的缺点&＃xff0c;期望访问不同的端口到同一台Real Server上&＃xff0c;无法实现。
七、PCC 演示
1.清空所有规则
root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -C
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
2.配置PCC模式规则
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 172.16.100.1:0 -s rr -p 600
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:0 -r 172.16.100.10 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 172.16.100.1:0 -r 172.16.100.11 -g
3.查看
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:0 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:0 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:0 Route 1 0 0
4.测试
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.16.100.1:0 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:0 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:0 Route 1 3 1
总结&＃xff1a;以上测试证明了&＃xff0c;PCC的缺点&＃xff0c;定向所有服务到同一台Real Server上&＃xff0c;期望访问不同的Real Server上&＃xff0c;无法实现。
八、PNMP 演示&＃xff08;常用&＃xff09;
说明&＃xff1a;对于电子商务网站来说&＃xff0c;用户在挑选商品的时候使用的是80端口来浏览的&＃xff0c;当付款的时候则是通过443的ssl加密的方式&＃xff0c;当然当用户挑选完商品付款的时候我们当然不希望https的443跳转到另外一台REALSERVER&＃xff0c;很显然应该是同一REALSERVER才对&＃xff0c;这时候就要用到基于防火墙标记的持久连接&＃xff0c;通过定义端口的姻亲关系来实现。
1.配置CA证书颁发机构
(1).修改openssl配置文件
[root&＃64;ca ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
dir &＃61; /etc/pki/CA #工作目录 &＃xff0c;此处需要指定&＃xff0c;不然给客户到签证的时候必须在特定的目录下才能实现
certs &＃61; $dir/certs #客户端证书目录
crl_dir &＃61; $dir/crl #证书吊销列表
database &＃61; $dir/index.txt #证书记录信息
new_certs_dir &＃61; $dir/newcerts #新生成证书的目录
certificate &＃61; $dir/cacert.pem #CA自己的证书位置
serial &＃61; $dir/serial #序列号
crlnumber &＃61; $dir/crlnumbe #证书吊销列表序列号
crl &＃61; $dir/crl.pem #证书吊销列表文件
private_key &＃61; $dir/private/cakey.pem #CA自己的私钥
RANDFILE &＃61; $dir/private/.rand #随机数文件
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName &＃61; Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default &＃61; CN #国家
countryName_min &＃61; 2
countryName_max &＃61; 2
stateOrProvinceName &＃61; State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default &＃61; shanghai #省份
localityName &＃61; Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default &＃61; xujiahui #地区
0.organizationName &＃61; Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default &＃61; jjhh #公司名称
organizationalUnitName &＃61; Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
organizationalUnitName_default &＃61;tech #所在部门
:wq #保存退出
[root&＃64;ca ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[root&＃64;ca CA]# ll
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 22 07:45 certs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 22 07:45 crl
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 2月 22 07:45 newcerts
drwx------. 2 root root 4096 2月 22 07:45 private
(2).生成密钥与证书
[root&＃64;ca CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) #生成密钥
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
..............................&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;
..................................................&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root&＃64;ca CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem #生成自签证书
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter &＃39;.&＃39;, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [shanghai]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [xujiahui]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [jjhh]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [tech]:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server&＃39;s hostname) []:rs.test.com
Email Address []:admin.test.com
[root&＃64;ca CA]# touch index.txt #新建索引文件
[root&＃64;ca CA]# touch serial #建立序列号文件
[root&＃64;ca CA]# echo 01 > serial #写入起始序列号
2.RS1与RS2申请证书
RS1&＃xff1a;
(1).生成证书申请
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# cd /etc/httpd #web服务器的配置目录
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# mkdir ssl #创建ssl目录
[root&＃64;rs1 ~]# cd ssl #每一种服务要想使用证书&＃xff0c;必须有私钥&＃xff0c;每一种应用都需要自己的证书
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# &＃xff08;umask 077; openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 1024&＃xff09;#给自己生成密钥
-bash: &＃xff08;umask: command not found
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
............&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;
...................................................&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;&＃43;
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 7月 29 00:36 httpd.key
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr #证书签署请求文件&＃xff0c;机构和其他名字必须和CA颁发机构上的一样
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter &＃39;.&＃39;, the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanghai
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xujiahui
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:jjhh
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:tech
Common Name (eg, your name or your server&＃39;s hostname) []:rs.test.com
Email Address []:admin.test.com
Please enter the following &＃39;extra&＃39; attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
(2).将证书申请发送到CA颁发机构上
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# scp ./httpd.csr root&＃64;172.16.100.200:/tmp
(3).CA颁发机构&＃xff0c;签名并签发证书
[root&＃64;ca CA]# cd /tmp/
[root&＃64;ca tmp]# ls
httpd.csr
[root&＃64;ca tmp]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 3650 #签发证书的有效期为10年
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Jul 28 15:53:01 2013 GMT Not After : Jul 26 15:53:01 2023 GMT Subject: countryName &＃61; CN stateOrProvinceName &＃61; shanghai organizationName &＃61; jjhh organizationalUnitName &＃61; tech commonName &＃61; rs.test.com emailAddress &＃61; admin.test.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 68:9C:B1:46:ED:24:6A:2D:94:C6:89:21:0B:D0:CE:D5:C7:70:A6:75 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:E2:98:87:A6:76:F5:47:84:48:68:68:F9:DF:C1:0C:AD:4C:B9:30:61
Certificate is to be certified until Jul 26 15:53:01 2023 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root&＃64;ca tmp]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3825 7月 28 23:53 httpd.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 692 7月 28 23:52 httpd.csr
(4).将生成的证书复制到Real Server 1上
[root&＃64;ca tmp]# scp ./httpd.crt root&＃64;172.16.100.10:/etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt
(5).查看收到的证书
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3825 7月 29 00:47 httpd.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 692 7月 29 00:37 httpd.csr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 7月 29 00:36 httpd.key
RS2&＃xff1a;&＃xff08;同RS1操作一致&＃xff0c;我们就不重复演示了&＃xff0c;这里使用一个简单的方法&＃xff0c;直接复制RS1的证书&＃xff09;
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# cd /etc/httpd #web服务器的配置目录
[root&＃64;rs2 ~]# mkdir ssl #创建ssl目录
[root&＃64;rs2 ssl]# scp root&＃64;172.16.100.10:/etc/httpd/ssl/* ./
root&＃64;172.16.100.10&＃39;s password:
httpd.crt 100% 3825 3.7KB/s 00:00
httpd.csr 100% 692 0.7KB/s 00:00
httpd.key 100% 887 0.9KB/s 00:00
[root&＃64;rs2 ssl]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3825 7月 29 00:27 httpd.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 692 7月 29 00:27 httpd.csr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 7月 29 00:27 httpd.key
好了&＃xff0c;现在RS1与RS2都有证书了&＃xff0c;下面我们继续&＃xff01;
3.配置RS1与RS2支持SSL
RS1&＃xff1a;
(1).安装httpd和ssl联系的装载模块mod_ssl
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# yum install -y mod_ssl
(2).修改ssl配置文件
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt #指定证书位置
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key #指定key位置
(3).重启httpd
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# service httpd restart
(4).查看443端口
[root&＃64;rs1 ssl]# netstat -ntulp | grep :443
tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 1226/httpd
RS2&＃xff1a;
(1).安装httpd和ssl联系的装载模块mod_ssl
[root&＃64;rs2 ssl]# yum install -y mod_ssl
(2).修改ssl配置文件
[root&＃64;rs2 ssl]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt #指定证书位置
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key #指定key位置
(3).重启httpd
[root&＃64;rs2 ssl]# service httpd restart
(4).查看443端口
[root&＃64;rs2 ssl]# netstat -ntulp | grep :443
tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 1226/httpd
简单测试一下&＃xff1a;
大家可以看到测试成功&＃xff0c;没有问题&＃xff0c;下面我们继续!
4.清除所有LVS规则
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -C
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
5.定义端口的姻亲关系&＃xff0c;给80和443端口打上同样的防火墙标记
[root&＃64;master ~]# iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.100.1 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 8
[root&＃64;master ~]# iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -d 172.16.100.1 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -j MARK --set-mark 8
6.配置实现基于防火墙标记的LVS
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -A -f 8 -s rr -p 600
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -f 8 -r 172.16.100.10 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -a -f 8 -r 172.16.100.11 -g
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
FWM 8 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:0 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:0 Route 1 0 0
7.测试
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
FWM 8 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:0 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:0 Route 1 0 102
从上面我们可以看出由于持久连接&＃xff0c;我们始终访问在Real Server 2上&＃xff0c;下面我们测试一下https效果&＃xff0c;
[root&＃64;master ~]# ipvsadm -L -n
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size&＃61;4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
FWM 8 rr persistent 600 -> 172.16.100.10:0 Route 1 0 0 -> 172.16.100.11:0 Route 1 0 160
大家可以看到&＃xff0c;我们访问https时&＃xff0c;也始终访问Real Server 2上&＃xff0c;嘿嘿……到此所有演示全部完成&＃xff01;^_^……
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