开发笔记:python基础语法12内置模块json,pickle,collections,openpyxl模块

# 列表
import json
# list1 = [‘123‘, ‘321‘]
list1 = [‘张全蛋‘, ‘李小花‘]
# dumps: 将python数据 ---》 json数据格式 ---》 字符串
# ensure_ascii将默认的ascii取消设置为False，可以在控制台看到中文，否则看到的是bytes类型数据 默认ascii，本质上是中文字符转化为unicode编码
json_str = json.dumps(list1, ensure_ascii=False)
print(json_str)
print(type(json_str)) # str
# json.loads()字符串 ----> json数据格式 ---》将python数据
python_data = json.loads(json_str)
print(python_data)
print(type(python_data)) # list
--------------------------------------
# 元组
tuple1 = (‘张全蛋‘, ‘李小花‘)
# dumps: 将python数据 ---》 json数据格式 ---》 字符串
# ensure_ascii将默认的ascii取消设置为False，可以在控制台看到中文，否则看到的是bytes类型数据
json_str = json.dumps(tuple1, ensure_ascii=False)
print(json_str)
print(type(json_str)) # str
# json.loads()字符串 ----> json数据格式 ---》将python数据
python_data = json.loads(json_str)
print(tuple(python_data))
print(type(tuple(python_data))) # list
--------------------------------------
# 字典
dic = {
‘name‘: ‘tank‘,
‘age‘: 17
}
# dumps: 将python数据 ---》 json数据格式 ---》 字符串
# ensure_ascii将默认的ascii取消设置为False，可以在控制台看到中文，否则看到的是bytes类型数据
json_str = json.dumps(dic, ensure_ascii=False)
print(json_str)
print(type(json_str)) # str
# json.loads()字符串 ----> json数据格式 ---》将python数据
python_data = json.loads(json_str)
print(python_data)
print(type(python_data)) # dict

# 注册功能:
def register():
username = input(‘请输入用户名:‘).strip()
password = input(‘请输入密码:‘).strip()
re_password = input(‘请确认密码:‘).strip()
if password == re_password:
# [username, password]
# {‘name‘: username, ‘pwd‘: password}
user_dic = {
‘name‘: username, ‘pwd‘: password
}
json_str = json.dumps(user_dic, ensure_ascii=False)
# 开始写入文件中
# 注意: 保存json数据时，用.json作为文件的后缀名
with open(‘user.json‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
f.write(json_str)
register()

# dump, load
import json
user_dic = {
‘username‘: ‘tank‘,
‘password‘: 123
}
f = open(‘user2.json‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘)
json.dump(user_dic, f,ensure_ascii=False)
f.close()
with open(‘user3.json‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
json.dump(user_dic, f)
with open(‘user3.json‘, ‘r‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
user_dic = json.load(f)
print(user_dic)
print(type(user_dic))

import pickle
set1 = {
‘tank‘, ‘sean‘, ‘jason‘, ‘大脸‘
}
new_str= pickle.dumps(set1)
print(new_str) # 打印为二进制结果
‘‘‘打印结果
b‘x80x03cbuiltins
set
qx00]qx01(Xx04x00x00x00tankqx02Xx06x00x00x00xe5xa4xa7xe8x84
xb8qx03Xx05x00x00x00jasonqx04Xx04x00x00x00seanqx05ex85qx06Rqx07.‘
‘‘‘
# 写 dump
with open(‘teache.pickle‘,‘wb‘)as f: # 必须为二进制读写
pickle.dump(set1,f)
# 读 load
with open(‘teache.pickle‘,‘rb‘)as f:
python_set=pickle.load(f)
print(python_set)
print(type(python_set))

# 具名元组
from collections import namedtuple
# 传入可迭代对象是有序的
# 应用:坐标
# 将‘坐标‘变成 “对象” 的名字
point = namedtuple(‘坐标‘, [‘x‘, ‘y‘]) # 第二个参数既可以传可迭代对象
point = namedtuple(‘坐标‘, (‘x‘, ‘y‘)) # 第二个参数既可以传可迭代对象
point = namedtuple(‘坐标‘, ‘x y‘) # 第二个参数既可以传可迭代对象
#
# # 会将 1 ---> x, 2 ---> y
# 传参的个数，要与namedtuple第二个参数的个数一一对应
p = point(1, 3) # 本质上传了4个，面向对象讲解
print(p) # 坐标(x=1, y=3)
print(type(p)) #
# 扑克牌:
# 获取扑克牌对象
card = namedtuple(‘扑克牌‘, [‘color‘, ‘number‘])
#
# # 由扑克牌对象产生一张 扑克牌
red_A = card(‘♥‘, ‘A‘) # 扑克牌(color=‘♥‘, number=‘A‘)
print(red_A)
black_K = card(‘♠‘, ‘K‘) # 扑克牌(color=‘♠‘, number=‘K‘)
print(black_K)
# 演员的信息
p = namedtuple(‘dao国‘, ‘city movie_type name‘)
jason_and_dabing = p(‘大阪‘, ‘action‘, ‘C老师‘)
print(jason_and_dabing)
# dao国(city=‘大阪‘, movie_type=‘action‘, name=‘C老师‘)

# 有序字典
# python默认无序字典
dic = dict({‘x‘: 1, ‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 3})
print(dic)
print(type(dic))
for line in dic:
print(line)
from collections import OrderedDict
# 有序字典
order_dict = OrderedDict({‘x‘: 1, ‘y‘: 2, ‘z‘: 3})
print(order_dict, ‘打印有序的字典‘)
print(type(order_dict))
print(order_dict.get(‘y‘))
print(order_dict[‘y‘])
for line in order_dict:
print(line)

# 写入数据
from openpyxl import Workbook
# 获取Excel文件对象
wb_obj = Workbook()
wb1 = wb_obj.create_sheet(‘python13期工作表1‘, 1)
wb2 = wb_obj.create_sheet(‘python13期工作表2‘, 2)
# 修改工作表名字: 为python13期工作表1标题修改名字 ---》 tank大宝贝
print(wb1.title)
wb1.title = ‘tank大宝贝‘
print(wb1.title)
# 为第一张工作表添加值
wb1[‘工作簿中的表格位置‘]
wb1[‘A10‘] = 200
wb1[‘B10‘] = 1000
wb1[‘C10‘] = ‘=SUM(A10:B10)‘
wb2[‘A1‘] = 100
# 生成Excel表格
wb_obj.save(‘python13期.xlsx‘)
print(‘excel表格生成成功‘)
# 读取数据
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb_obj = load_workbook(‘python13期.xlsx‘)
wb3=wb_obj.creat_sheet(‘python13期工作表3‘,3)

# print(wb3.title)
# wb3.title=‘tank小宝贝‘ #修改会再创建一个tank小宝贝的sheet，存在问题
# print(wb3.title)

print(wb_obj) # wb_obj[‘表名‘] wb1 = wb_obj[‘tank大宝贝‘]

print(wb1[‘A10‘].value)
wb1[‘A10‘] = 20
print(wb1[‘A10‘].value)
wb_obj.save(‘python13期.xlsx‘) # 加这一步才会保存

# 批量写入100条数据
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb_obj = Workbook()
wb1 = wb_obj.create_sheet(‘工作表1‘)
# wb1[‘表格位置‘] = 对应的值
n = 1
for line in range(100):
wb1[‘A%s‘ % n] = line + 1
n += 1

wb_obj.save(‘批量插入的数据2.xlsx‘)

dict1 = {
‘name‘: ‘tank‘,
‘age‘: 17
}
n=1
for key,value in dict1.items():
wb1[‘A%s‘%n]=key
wb1[‘B%s‘ % n] = value
n+=1
wb_obj.save(‘批量插入的数据2.xlsx‘)