转：http://www.codingsoho.com/zh/blog/component-tracking/

django-tracking是一个简单的访客记录的应用

前言

本文环境：

Python 2.7.10
Django 1.11

安装

github主页 https://github.com/bashu/django-tracking

django-tracking 0.4.1 版本太老

问题

init里不能import listeners，否则User访问时报错app未导入

查看github上的源代码，并没有这一句，所以去掉应该不会对清理产生影响。这个项目有点乱，github和pypi上有的乱码新旧不一致

File "E:Computervirtualenviblogcsblog racking\__init__.py", line 1, in
import listeners
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogcsblog rackinglisteners.py", line 9, in
from tracking.models import UntrackedUserAgent, BannedIP
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogcsblog rackingmodels.py", line 11, in
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogenvlibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthmodels.py", line 4, in
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogenvlibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthase_user.py", line 52, in
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogenvlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsase.py", line 110, in __new__
app_cOnfig= apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogenvlibsite-packagesdjangoapps
egistry.py", line 247, in get_containing_app_config
self.check_apps_ready()
File "E:Computervirtualenviblogenvlibsite-packagesdjangoapps
egistry.py", line 125, in check_apps_ready
raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren‘t loaded yet.")
ango.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren‘t loaded yet.

GEOIP支持

from django.contrib.gis. utilsimport HAS_GEOIP

修改为

from django.contrib.gis.geoip import HAS_GEOIP

django新版本位置变了，而且目前是不支持geoip的

MiddlewareMixin

代码直接使用会报错，需要将中间件类的基类改为MiddlewareMixin

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangoutilsautoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommands
unserver.py", line 142, in inner_run
handler = self.get_handler(*args, **options)
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocontribstaticfilesmanagementcommands
unserver.py", line 27, in get_handler
handler = super(Command, self).get_handler(*args, **options)
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommands
unserver.py", line 64, in get_handler
return get_internal_wsgi_application()
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocoreserversasehttp.py", line 46, in get_internal_wsgi_application
return get_wsgi_application()
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocorewsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
return WSGIHandler()
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocorehandlerswsgi.py", line 153, in __init__
self.load_middleware()
File "..envLibsite-packagesdjangocorehandlersase.py", line 82, in load_middleware
mw_instance = middleware(handler)
TypeError: object() takes no parameters

需要在middleware.py里修改

try:
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
except ImportError:
MiddlewareMixin = object
class VisitorTrackingMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

配置

在settings文件里添加APP

INSTALLED_APPS = (
‘django.contrib.admin‘,
‘django.contrib.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
‘django.contrib.sites‘,
...
‘tracking‘,
...
)

运行manage.py migrate同步数据库

添加middleware，他们分别提供下面功能

• tracking.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware 访客跟踪，必须在AuthenticationMiddleware后面，这样才能访问request.user


• tracking.middleware.VisitorCleanUpMiddleware 访客自动清理，它将会自动从数据库中清除掉过去的访问者。新版本代码实现里去掉了功能，实际是一个空类，需要研究一下。该应用提供命令来清理历史访客记录。


• tracking.middleware.BannedIPMiddleware IP黑名单，建议放在最前面，这样那些被禁止的用户也不会在其他的middleware里运行

MIDDLEWARE = [
‘tracking.middleware.BannedIPMiddleware‘,
#
‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
#
‘tracking.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware‘,
‘tracking.middleware.VisitorCleanUpMiddleware‘,
]

注意：如果在cms项目中使用的话，记得把它放在cms的middleware前面，否则报错No module named LanguageCOOKIEMiddlewaretracking.middleware

这个跟cms项目安装的要求是一致的，避免URL路由匹配问题。

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangoutilsautoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommands
unserver.py", line 142, in inner_run
handler = self.get_handler(*args, **options)
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocontribstaticfilesmanagementcommands
unserver.py", line 27, in get_handler
handler = super(Command, self).get_handler(*args, **options)
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementcommands
unserver.py", line 64, in get_handler
return get_internal_wsgi_application()
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocoreserversasehttp.py", line 46, in get_internal_wsgi_application
return get_wsgi_application()
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocorewsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
return WSGIHandler()
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocorehandlerswsgi.py", line 153, in __init__
self.load_middleware()
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangocorehandlersase.py", line 80, in load_middleware
middleware = import_string(middleware_path)
File "envLibsite-packagesdjangoutilsmodule_loading.py", line 20, in import_string
module = import_module(module_path)
File "D:Python27libimportlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
ImportError: No module named LanguageCOOKIEMiddlewaretracking.middleware

正确的顺序如下

MIDDLEWARE = (
‘tracking.middleware.BannedIPMiddleware‘,
‘tracking2.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware‘,
#
‘cms.middleware.utils.ApphookReloadMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
‘django.contrib.sites.middleware.CurrentSiteMiddleware‘,
#
‘tracking.middleware.VisitorTrackingMiddleware‘,
‘tracking.middleware.VisitorCleanUpMiddleware‘,
#
‘cms.middleware.user.CurrentUserMiddleware‘,
‘cms.middleware.page.CurrentPageMiddleware‘,
‘cms.middleware.toolbar.ToolbarMiddleware‘,
‘cms.middleware.language.LanguageCOOKIEMiddleware‘
)

确保‘django.template.context_processors.request‘已经在模板处理器中定义，老的名字是django.core.context_processors.request。

这样处理器能够保证request对象可以访问模板，该应用使用request对象来判断当前用户在查看哪个页面。

TEMPLATES = [
{
‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘templates‘)],
‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
‘OPTIONS‘: {
‘context_processors‘: [
‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
],
},
},
]

另外，如果你想看看你的访问者都来自哪儿，就需要用到map特性。它使用的是google技术，咱又用不了，就不研究了，有兴趣直接去github看。

使用

要显示当前的模板访问的活跃用户，首先在模板头添加{% load tracking_tags %}，然后添加下面代码

To display the number of active users there are in one of your templates, make sure you have {% load tracking_tags %} somewhere in your template and do something like this:

{% visitors_on_site as visitors %}



{{ visitors }} active user{{ visitors|pluralize }}


如果想看看多少人正在看同一页

If you also want to show how many people are looking at the same page:

{% visitors_on_page as same_page %}



{{ same_page }} of {{ visitors }} active user{{ visitors|pluralize }}
{{ same_page|pluralize:"is,are" }} reading this page


If you don‘t want particular areas of your site to be tracked, you may define a list of prefixes in your settings.py using theN O_TRACKING_PREFIXES. For example, if you didn‘t want visits to the/family/ section of your website,set NO_TRACKING_PREFIXES to[‘/family/‘].
If you don‘t want to count certain user-agents, such as Yahoo!‘s Slurp and Google‘s Google bot, you may add keywords to your visitor tracking in your Django administration interface. Look for "Untracked User-Agents" and add a keyword that distinguishes a particular user-agent. Any visitors with the keyword in their user-agent string will not be tracked.

默认，活跃用户统计十分钟内的访问者，你也可以通过修改settings里的TRACKING_TIMEOUT改到你想改的任意值

By default, active users include any visitors within the last 10 minutes. If you would like to override that setting, just set TRACKING_TIMEOUT to however many minutes you want in your settings.py.

每24小时，系统自动清理访问内容，你可以通过覆盖TRACKING_CLEANUP_TIMEOUT这个值来修改

For automatic visitor clean-up, any records older than 24 hours are removed by default. If you would like to override that setting, set TRACKING_CLEANUP_TIMEOUT to however many hours you want in your settings.py.