ICG防火墙配置指导
1 防火墙简介 防火墙一方面可以阻止来自因特网的、对受保护网络的未授权访问&＃xff0c;另一方面可以作为一个访问因特网的权限控制关口&＃xff0c;控制内部网络用户对因特网进行Web访问或收发E-mail等。通过合理的配置防火墙可以大大提高网络的安全性和稳定性。
2 防火墙配置指导 2.1 基本配置步骤
防火墙的基本配置顺序如下&＃xff1a;
首先使能防火墙&＃xff1a;
ipv4&＃xff1a;系统视图下输入 firewall enable
ipv6&＃xff1a;系统视图下输入 firewall ipv6 enable
然后配置acl
acl number 3000
rule 0 permit ip source 1.0.0.1 0
rule 10 deny ip
然后在接口上根据需要应用防火墙
interface Ethernet0/1
port link-mode route
firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
ip address 5.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
2.2 基础配置举例&＃xff1a;
如前所说&＃xff0c;在使能了防火墙后&＃xff0c;就要按需求配置acl并应用在接口上&＃xff0c;下面给出几个常见的需求的配置方法&＃xff1a;
|
|
其中内网地址192.168.0.2&＃xff0d;192.168.1.255
2.2.1 禁止访问外网的某些地址
用途&＃xff1a;限制上网。比如禁止访问100.0.0.1地址
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip destination 100.0.0.1 0 禁止100.0.0.1
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip 允许其它ip
端口配置&＃xff0c;在内网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/1
[H3C-Ethernet0/1]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;1&＃xff09;如果要禁止某个网段&＃xff0c;则选择配置适当的掩码就可以了
2&＃xff09;如果内网口不止一个&＃xff0c;可以在每一个需要的内网口都配上&＃xff0c;或者在外网口的出方向配置防火墙
2.2.2 限制只能访问外网的某些地址
用途&＃xff1a;限制上网。比如只能访问200.0.0.1/24网段
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip destination 200.0.0.1 0.0.0.255 允许访问200.0.0.1/24网段
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip 禁止访问其他网段
端口配置&＃xff0c;在内网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/1
[H3C-Ethernet0/1]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;1&＃xff09;如果要增加其他允许的网段&＃xff0c;就需要增加相应的rule
2&＃xff09;如果内网口不止一个&＃xff0c;可以在每一个需要的内网口都配上&＃xff0c;或者在外网口的出方向配置防火墙
2.2.3 限制只能某些地址可以访问外网
用途&＃xff1a;限制上网。比如只允许192.168.1.0/24网段的地址访问外网
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 允许192.168.1.0/24访问外网
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip 禁止其他地址访问
端口配置&＃xff0c;在内网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/1
[H3C-Ethernet0/1]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;1&＃xff09;如果要更精确的控制&＃xff0c;可以通过多条rule加更精细的掩码匹配来实现
2&＃xff09;如果内网口不止一个&＃xff0c;可以在每一个需要的内网口都配上&＃xff0c;或者在外网口的出方向配置防火墙。
2.2.4 禁止某些地址访问外网
用途&＃xff1a;限制上网。比如禁止192.168.0.5&＃xff0c;192.168.1.59两个地址访问外网
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip source 192.168.0.5 0 禁止192.168.0.5地址
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip source 192.168.1.59 0 禁止192.168.1.59地址
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip 允许其他地址
端口配置&＃xff0c;在内网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/1
[H3C-Ethernet0/1]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;1&＃xff09;如果要对网段实现控制&＃xff0c;设置规则时匹配该网段就可以了
2&＃xff09;如果内网口不止一个&＃xff0c;可以在每一个需要的内网口都配上&＃xff0c;或者在外网口的出方向配置防火墙。
2.2.5 禁止某些地址访问内网
用途&＃xff1a;放置非法访问。比如禁止200.0.0.1/24网段的地址访问内网:
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip source 200.0.0.1 0.0.0.255 禁止访问200.0.0.1/24
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip 允许其他地址
端口配置&＃xff0c;在外网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/0
[H3C-Ethernet0/0]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;如果有多个网段需要禁止&＃xff0c;就需要配置多条rule
2.2.6 限制内网的某些地址不能访问外网的某些地址
用途&＃xff1a;限制上网。比如192.168.1.0/24的地址段不能访问200.0.0.1/24
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 destination 200.0.0.1 0.0.0.255
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip 允许其他地址
端口配置&＃xff0c;在内网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/1
[H3C-Ethernet0/1]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;如果有多个网段需要禁止&＃xff0c;就需要配置多条rule
2.2.7 限制ICMP报文
用途&＃xff1a;防***。只允许ping报文&＃xff0c;屏蔽其他icmp报文&＃xff0c;防止***
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit icmp icmp-type echo
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit icmp icmp-type echo-reply
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit icmp icmp-type ttl-exceeded
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny icmp
端口配置&＃xff0c;在外网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/0
[H3C-Ethernet0/0]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
2.2.8 禁止外网访问某个端口
用途&＃xff1a;防***&＃xff0c;限制应用。比如禁止外网访问300端口
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 300
端口配置&＃xff0c;在外网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/0
[H3C-Ethernet0/0]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
备注&＃xff1a;可以配置某一段端口不能访问
2.2.9 只允许外网访问某个端口
用途&＃xff1a;防***&＃xff0c;限制应用。比如只允许外网访问ftp端口
acl配置&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit tcp destination-port eq ftp
端口配置&＃xff0c;在外网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/0
[H3C-Ethernet0/0]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp
备注&＃xff1a;应用时可以加上ip地址的匹配&＃xff0c;比如内网某台机器是ftp服务器&＃xff0c;则可以配置该地址只开放ftp端口。
2.3 进阶配置
2.3.1 组合使用上面的配置
可以在一条acl中配置多个rule&＃xff0c;也可以在一个端口上分别配置inbound和outbound的规则进行匹配&＃xff0c;通过灵活应用与组合&＃xff0c;实现需要的保护与限制。
2.3.2 过滤常见***
通过防火墙&＃xff0c;过滤掉一些常见的***&＃xff0c;以下推荐一些常用的配置&＃xff1a;
限制NETBIOS协议端口&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl number 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny udp destination-port eq netbios-ns
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny udp destination-port eq netbios-dgm
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 139
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny udp destination-port eq netbios-ssn
限制常见病毒使用的端口&＃xff1a;
[H3C]acl number 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 135 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny udp destination-port eq 135 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 445 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny udp destination-port eq 445 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny udp destination-port eq 593 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 593 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 1433 / SQL Slammer
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 1434 / SQL Slammer
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 4444 / Worm.Blaster
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 1025 / Sasser
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 1068 / Sasser
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 707 /Nachi Blaster-D
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 5554 / Sasser
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp destination-port eq 9996 / Sasser
2.3.3 设置时间段
如果要限制某段时间内使防火墙生效&＃xff0c;就需要配置time-range&＃xff0c;然后在acl的rule上加入此限制&＃xff0c;方法如下&＃xff1a;
比如在工作时间&＃xff0c;外网只能访问100.0.0.1&＃xff0c;其他时间不做限制
定义时间段&＃xff1a;
[H3C]time-range worktimeam 8:00 to 12:00 working-day 定义上午
[H3C]time-range worktimepm 13:00 to 17:00 working-day 定义下午
如果不需要“午休”时间&＃xff0c;那直接定义成8:00-17:00就可以了
定义acl
[H3C]acl n 3000
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip destination 100.0.0.1 0 time-range worktimeam
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule permit ip destination 100.0.0.1 0 time-range worktimepm
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip time-range worktimeam
[H3C-acl-adv-3000]rule deny ip time-range worktimepm
端口配置&＃xff0c;在内网口入方向配置防火墙
[H3C]int et0/1
[H3C-Ethernet0/1]firewall packet-filter 3000 inbound
2.3.1 配置推荐
对于最基本的应用&＃xff0c;给出以下的配置模版&＃xff0c;包括屏蔽了常见***和内外网访问控制。
内网口&＃xff1a;
acl number 3101
rule 10 permit icmp icmp-type echo
rule 20 permit icmp icmp-type echo-reply
rule 30 permit icmp icmp-type ttl-exceeded
rule 40 deny icmp
rule 110 deny tcp destination-port eq 135
rule 120 deny udp destination-port eq 135
rule 130 deny udp destination-port eq netbios-ns
rule 140 deny udp destination-port eq netbios-dgm
rule 150 deny tcp destination-port eq 139
rule 160 deny udp destination-port eq netbios-ssn
rule 170 deny tcp destination-port eq 445
rule 180 deny udp destination-port eq 445
rule 190 deny udp destination-port eq 593
rule 200 deny tcp destination-port eq 593
rule 210 deny tcp destination-port eq 1433
rule 220 deny tcp destination-port eq 1434
rule 230 deny tcp destination-port eq 4444
rule 240 deny tcp destination-port eq 1025
rule 250 deny tcp destination-port eq 1068
rule 260 deny tcp destination-port eq 707
rule 270 deny tcp destination-port eq 5554
rule 280 deny tcp destination-port eq 9996
rule 2000 permit ip source 192.168.0.0 0.0.1.255
rule 3000 deny ip
#在内网接口下应用&＃xff1a;
interface vlan-interface 1
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.254.0
firewall packet-filter 3101 inbound
外网口
acl number 3102
rule 10 permit icmp icmp-type echo
rule 20 permit icmp icmp-type echo-reply
rule 30 permit icmp icmp-type ttl-exceeded
rule 40 deny icmp
rule 110 deny tcp destination-port eq 135
rule 120 deny udp destination-port eq 135
rule 130 deny udp destination-port eq netbios-ns
rule 140 deny udp destination-port eq netbios-dgm
rule 150 deny tcp destination-port eq 139
rule 160 deny udp destination-port eq netbios-ssn
rule 170 deny tcp destination-port eq 445
rule 180 deny udp destination-port eq 445
rule 190 deny udp destination-port eq 593
rule 200 deny tcp destination-port eq 593
rule 210 deny tcp destination-port eq 1433
rule 220 deny tcp destination-port eq 1434
rule 230 deny tcp destination-port eq 4444
rule 240 deny tcp destination-port eq 1025
rule 250 deny tcp destination-port eq 1068
rule 260 deny tcp destination-port eq 707
rule 270 deny tcp destination-port eq 5554
rule 280 deny tcp destination-port eq 9996
rule 2000 permit ip destination 192.168.0.0 0.0.1.255
rule 2010 permit tcp destination-port eq 23
rule 3000 deny ip
#在WAN接口下应用&＃xff1a;
interface ethernet 0/0
ip address 202.198.11.2 255.255.255.0
firewall packet-filter 3102 inbound
京公网安备 11010802041100号