红帽RHELLinux系统中安装配置vsftpd服务器

说明：系统镜像：[红帽企业.Linux.5].rhel-5.2-server-i386-dvd.iso

1、vsftpd安装

[root@linux01 ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom

[root@linux01 ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom # 挂载镜像

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@linux01 ~]# cd /media/cdrom/Server # 进入软件包目录

[root@linux01 Server]#

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -qa | grep ^vsftpd # 查询相关已经安装的软件包

[root@linux01 Server]# ls | grep vsftpd* # 查询当前路径下安装包

vsftpd-2.0.5-12.el5.i386.rpm

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.5-12.el5.i386.rpm # 安装软件包 i安装 v输出详细信息 h进度

warning: vsftpd-2.0.5-12.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%]

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -qa | grep ^vsftpd # 再次查询相关已经安装的软件包

vsftpd-2.0.5-12.el5

[root@linux01 Server]#cd

[root@linux01 ~]# rpm -ql vsftpd | grep etc # 查询etc中与vsftpd相关的文件

/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log

/etc/pam.d/vsftpd

/etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd

/etc/vsftpd

/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers

/etc/vsftpd/user_list

/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh

[root@linux01 ~]#

2、、/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件配置

[root@linux01 Server]# cat /etc/vsftp/vsftpd.conf # 读取原文，默认配置

cat: /etc/vsftp/vsftpd.conf: No such file or directory

[root@linux01 Server]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).

anonymous_enable=YES # 允许匿名登录

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES # 允许本地帐户登录

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES # 开放对本地用户的写权限

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

local_umask=022 # 本地用户的文件生成掩码

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES # 显示目录下的.message

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES # 启用上传和下载日志

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES # 启用FTP数据端口

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

xferlog_std_format=YES # 使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志格式

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

#chroot_list_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

#

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and

# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction

# with the listen_ipv6 directive.

listen=YES # FTP服务器处于独立启动模式（相对于受xinnetd管理的启动模式）

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files.

# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!

#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd # PAM认证服务的配置文件名称，/etc/pam.d/vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES # FTP将检查userlist_file(/etc/vsftpd/user_list)中用户是否可以访问FTP服务器

tcp_wrappers=YES # 使用tcp_wrappers作为主机访问控制方式，/etc/host.allow和/etc/hosts.deny。

[root@linux01 Server]#

3、/etc/vsftpd.user_list文件配置

[root@linux01 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd

root@linux01 vsftpd]# ls

ftpusers user_list vsftpd.conf vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# cat user_list

# vsftpd userlist

# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file

# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and

# do not even prompt for a password.

# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers

# for users that are denied.

root

bin

daemon

adm

lp

sync

shutdown

halt

mail

news

uucp

operator

games

nobody

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

(当vsftp.conf配置文件中包括以下配置时，user_list中用户帐号禁止登录配置：

userlist_enable=YES # 注意大小写

userlist_deny=YES

当vsftp.conf配置文件中包括以下配置时，只有user_list中用户帐号允许登录配置：注意考虑ftpusers文件用户

userlist_enable=YES # 注意大小写

userlist_deny=NO

)

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# cat ftpusers

# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp

root

bin

daemon

adm

lp

sync

shutdown

halt

mail

news

uucp

operator

games

nobody

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

4、匿名用户登录目录

匿名用户将进入/var/ftp目录

5、vsftpd服务启动与关闭

root@linux01 vsftpd]# ls -l /etc/init.d/vsftpd # vsftpd启动脚本文件

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1778 Dec 13 2007 /etc/init.d/vsftpd

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# chkconfig --list vsftpd # 查看

vsftpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# chkconfig --level 35 vsftpd on # 设置在35模式下随机启动

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# chkconfig --list vsftpd # 检查查看

vsftpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd start # 启用服务

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd stop # 停止服务

Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart # 重启服务

Shutting down vsftpd: [FAILED]

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd status # 查看服务状态

vsftpd (pid 13071) is running...

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

6、测试帐号登录

[root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2

ftp: connect: No route to host # 防火墙阻止登录

ftp>bye # 退出ftp

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service iptables stop # 在服务器上关闭防火墙，在客户端上也要关闭防火墙

Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]

Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: nat filter [ OK ]

Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

匿名帐号登录（可以登录）

Connected to 192.168.7.2.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (192.168.7.2:root): anonymous # 使用匿名帐号登录

331 Please specify the password.

Password: # 密码为空

230 Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> dir

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,7,2,159,53)

150 Here comes the directory listing.

drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Dec 13 2007 pub

226 Directory send OK.

ftp> pwd

257 "/"

ftp> bye

221 Goodbye.

[root@redhatCLI ~]#

服务器本地帐号登录（默认不能登录）

[root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2

Connected to 192.168.7.2.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (192.168.7.2:root): test01

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/home/test01 # 其他帐号同样不能登录，与user_list、vsftdpd.conf等无关

Login failed.

ftp> bye

服务器本地帐号不能登录的修复处理

root@linux01 vsftpd]# setsebool ftpd_disable_trans 1 # 服务器本地帐号不能登录的修复处理，

# disable SELinux protection of the ftp daemon

# 有什么不会的后果就不知了。

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart # 重启服务

Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

Connected to 192.168.7.2.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (192.168.7.2:root): test01

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

230 Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> dir

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,7,2,43,10)

150 Here comes the directory listing.

226 Directory send OK.

ftp> pwd

257 "/home/test01"

ftp> cd / # 进入根目录

250 Directory successfully changed.

ftp> pwd

257 "/" # 不安全啊

ftp> cd /home # 可以进入/home目录

250 Directory successfully changed.

ftp> pwd

257 "/home

ftp> mkdir 123

550 Create directory operation failed.

ftp> bye

221 Goodbye.

[root@redhatCLI ~]#

7、禁锢登录用只在宿主目录中

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

……………………………..

pam_service_name=vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES

chroot_local_user=YES # 添加此行，来禁锢登录用只在宿主目录中

"vsftpd.conf" 117L, 4419C written

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart # 重启服务

Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

测试

[root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2

Connected to 192.168.7.2.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (192.168.7.2:root): test01

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

230 Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> pwd

257 "/"

ftp> cd /home # 不能使用cd进入非根目录了

550 Failed to change directory.

ftp> bye

221 Goodbye.

[root@redhatCLI ~]#

8、配置FTP服务器的虚拟用户（虚拟帐号对系统更安全）

（1）建立虚拟用户口令库文件

[root@linux01 ~]# touch /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt

[root@linux01 ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt

mike # 奇数行为用户名

pwabc # 偶数行为密码

john

pw1234

~

~

"/etc/vsftpd/logins.txt" 4L, 23C written

[root@linux01 ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt

mike

pwabc

john

pw1234

[root@linux01 ~]#

（2）生成vsftpd的认证文件

root@linux01 Server]# db # db + 两次空格键

dbconverter-2 dbus-cleanup-sockets dbus-launch dbus-send

dbus-binding-tool dbus-daemon dbus-monitor dbus-uuidgen

[root@linux01 Server] # 可以看出没有db-_load命令，默认系统没有安装时，要手工安装了

[root@linux01 Server]# ls | grep ^db # 挂载好光驱后，进入到rpm包文件目录，查看db有关软件包

db4-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

db4-devel-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

db4-java-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

db4-tcl-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

db4-utils-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

dbus-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm

dbus-devel-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm

dbus-glib-0.70-5.i386.rpm

dbus-glib-devel-0.70-5.i386.rpm

dbus-python-0.70-7.el5.i386.rpm

dbus-x11-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm

[root@linux01 Server]#

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-devel-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-java-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-tcl-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-utils-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm # 之后实验好像装他就可以了

[root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh dbus-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm # 不知db_load是db4的哪个软件包，所以都安装了。

[root@linux01 Server]# db # db + 两次空格键。嗨，有了，出来了吧。

db_archive db_dump185 db_upgrade dbus-monitor

db_checkpoint db_load dbus-binding-tool dbus-send

dbconverter-2 db_printlog dbus-cleanup-sockets dbus-uuidgen

db_deadlock db_recover dbus-daemon db_verify

db_dump db_stat dbus-launch

[root@linux01 Server]# cd

root@linux01 ~]# db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db # 生成vsftpd的认证文件

[root@linux01 ~]# file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db # 查看文件类型

/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db: Berkeley DB (Hash, version 8, native byte-order)

[root@linux01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db # 设置文件只对root读写

[root@linux01 ~]# ls -l /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db

-rw------- 1 root root 12288 Jun 1 20:30 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db

[root@linux01 ~]#

（3）建立虚拟用户所需的PAM配置文件

[root@linux01 ~]# touch /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu # 新建文件

[root@linux01 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu # 编辑

auth required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login

~

~

"/etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu" 2L, 141C written

[root@linux01 ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu # 查验

auth required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login

account required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login

[root@linux01 ~]#

（4）建立虚拟用户及要访问的目录并设置权限

[root@linux01 ~]# useradd -d /home/ftpsite virtual # 建立虚拟用户所需的目录及系统帐号

[root@linux01 ~]# chmod 700 /home/ftpsite/ # 设置宿主目录的权限

[root@linux01 ~]# ls -l /home/

total 16

drwx------ 3 virtual virtual 4096 Jun 1 20:39 ftpsite # 刚健的虚拟宿主目录，为所有虚拟用户使用

drwx------ 3 test01 test01 4096 Jun 1 18:58 test01 # 之前的本地用户test01宿主目录

[root@linux01 ~]#

（5）设置vsftpd.conf配置文件

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf_bake # 首先进入/etc/vsftpd目录，然后备份，以防有问题

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

………………………………..

guest_enable=YES # 添加的内容

guest_username=virtual # 添加的内容

pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu # 添加的内容

"vsftpd.conf" 120L, 4484C written

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

（6）重启vsftpd服务

root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart

Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]

Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

（7）测试虚拟用户帐号 （注意：虚拟帐号和本地用户帐号默认不可同时生效）

root@linux01 vsftpd]# touch /home/ftpsite/afile # 建立也测试文件

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# chown virtual.virtual /home/ftpsite/afile # 赋予权限

[root@linux01 vsftpd]# ls -l /home/ftpsite

total 4

-rw-r--r-- 1 virtual virtual 0 Jun 1 20:53 afile

[root@linux01 vsftpd]#

[root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2

Connected to 192.168.7.2.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (192.168.7.2:root): mike

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

230 Login successful.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp> dir

227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,7,2,246,249)

150 Here comes the directory listing.

226 Transfer done (but failed to open directory).

ftp>bye

9、典型FTP服务器设置

[root@linux01 Server]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

anonymous_enable=YES # 允许匿名登录

local_enable=YES # 允许本地帐户登录

.

write_enable=YES # 开放对本地用户的写权限

local_umask=022 # 本地用户的文件生成掩码

#anon_upload_enable=YES # 匿名用户是否可以上传文件默认注释掉了

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # 匿名用户是否创建目录，默认注释掉了

dirmessage_enable=YES # 显示目录下的.message

xferlog_enable=YES # 启用上传和下载日志

connect_from_port_20=YES # 启用FTP数据端口

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

xferlog_std_format=YES # 使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志格式

#idle_session_timeout=600

#data_connection_timeout=120

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#async_abor_enable=YES

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#deny_email_enable=YES

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#chroot_list_enable=YES

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

listen=YES # FTP服务器处于独立启动模式（相对于受xinnetd管理的启动模式）

#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd # PAM认证服务的配置文件名称，/etc/pam.d/vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES # FTP将检查userlist_file(/etc/vsftpd/user_list)中用户是否可以访问FTP服务器

tcp_wrappers=YES # 使用tcp_wrappers作为主机访问控制方式，/etc/host.allow和/etc/hosts.deny。

chroot_list_enable=YES # 禁锢用户在宿主目录中

max_clients=100 # 限制客户端的最大连接数

max_per_ip=5 # 同一ip与FTP服务器连接的最大连接数

local_max_rate=500000 # 本地用户传输最大为500KB/s

anon_max_rate=200000 # 匿名用户传输最大为200KB/s

[root@linux01 Server]#

ftp密码用户登录方式

ftp://username:password@host:port可以以username为用户名,password为密码从端口port登录到host