Docker安装MySQL8forMac(图文详解)

写作时间&＃xff1a;2020-01-29
Docker: 2.1.0.2, MySQL: 8, MacOS: 10.15.2,

Docker 安装 MySQL

MySQL 是世界上最受欢迎的开源数据库。凭借其可靠性、易用性和性能&＃xff0c;MySQL 已成为 Web 应用程序的数据库优先选择。

笔者的环境为MacOS&＃xff0c;安装Docker for Mac客户端&＃xff0c;请参考SpringBoot之Docker入门。

1. 查看可用的 MySQL 版本

访问 MySQL 镜像库地址&＃xff1a;https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql 。

可以通过 Sort by 查看其他版本的 MySQL&＃xff0c;默认是最新版本 mysql:latest 。

默认的选择Description标签&＃xff0c;需要切换其它版本&＃xff0c;点击Tags便签。

此外&＃xff0c;我们还可以用 docker search mysql 命令来查看可用版本&＃xff1a;

% docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9073 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3206 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 673 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 67
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 61 [OK]
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 60
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 35 [OK]
tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database se… 34
schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup… 28 [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter 26 [OK]
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 24
centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 18
circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 16
mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 14


2. 拉取 MySQL 镜像

$ docker pull mysql:latest
#拉取8版本的镜像
$ docker pull mysql:8

3. 查看本地镜像

使用以下命令来查看是否已安装了 mysql&＃xff1a;

$ docker images

4. 运行容器

% docker run -itd --name docker-mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD&＃61;123456 -v ~/Docker/db/mysql/8.0.9:/var/lib/mysql mysql


参数解析&＃xff1a;

1. -itd&＃xff1a;i是交互式操作&＃xff0c;t是一个终端&＃xff0c;d指的是在后台运行
2. -p : 设置端口&＃xff0c;
3. --name : 取名 &＃xff0c;
4. -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD&＃61;123456 : -e 指定环境变量, 设置 账号为 root &＃xff0c;密码为 123456.
5. -v ~/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql 是将Docker的/var/lib/mysql 文件夹映射到本机的~/Docker/db/mysql/8.0.9

查看进程如下&＃xff1a;

% docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e9488be5b71d mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 hours ago Up 7 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp docker-mysql


如果停掉容器,

$ docker stop Container ID or Names

下次启用已经停掉的容器&＃xff0c;用下面的命令即可

$ docker start Container ID or Names

比如笔者启动容器docker-mysql

% docker start docker-mysql
docker-mysql


5. 进入容器

% docker exec -it docker-mysql bash

进入容器后&＃xff0c;Terminal打头的格式为root&＃64;ContainerId, 比如笔者的

root&＃64;0d4a5de80d4d:/#


6. 操作数据库

6.1 登录MySQL

$ mysql -u root -p

root&＃64;e9488be5b71d:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type &＃39;help;&＃39; or &＃39;\h&＃39; for help. Type &＃39;\c&＃39; to clear the current input statement.


显示数据库

$ show databases;

mysql> show databases;
&＃43;--------------------&＃43;
| Database |
&＃43;--------------------&＃43;
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
&＃43;--------------------&＃43;
4 rows in set (0.05 sec)


6.2. 创建数据库用户zgpeace
创建数据库用户zgpeace&＃xff0c;并把所有权限授权与zgpeace&＃xff0c; 退出root用户。

mysql> create user &＃39;zgpeace&＃39;&＃64;&＃39;%&＃39; identified with mysql_native_password by &＃39;123456&＃39;;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to &＃39;zgpeace&＃39;&＃64;&＃39;%&＃39;;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> exit
Bye


用新创建的用户zgpeace登录。

root&＃64;e9488be5b71d:/# mysql -u zgpeace -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type &＃39;help;&＃39; or &＃39;\h&＃39; for help. Type &＃39;\c&＃39; to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;
&＃43;--------------------&＃43;
| Database |
&＃43;--------------------&＃43;
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
&＃43;--------------------&＃43;
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


7. 查看MySQL的配置信息&＃xff0c;操作日志

打开一个新的Terminal
7.1 查看MySQL的配置信息

$ docker inspect Container ID or Names

笔者的数据库信息

% docker inspect docker-mysql
[{"Id": "e9488be5b71de86078c1e7714e2ac0ce7869d5216f79d40a918e880b8e52a315","Created": "2020-01-29T01:47:25.889370883Z","Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh","Args": ["mysqld"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,...},"Image": "sha256:3a5e53f6328162f8d8bc70131658a721e8e7dcf7495f2fae7cfe4febdbcfefbb",...}
]


7.2 查看MySQL的操作日志

$ docker logs Container ID or Names

比如笔者列出容器docker-mysql的关键日志

% docker logs docker-mysql
2020-01-29 01:47:26&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian9 started.
2020-01-29 01:47:26&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user &＃39;mysql&＃39;
2020-01-29 01:47:26&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian9 started.
2020-01-29 01:47:27&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2020-01-29 01:47:31&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized
2020-01-29 01:47:31&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server
2020-01-29 01:47:36&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Stopping temporary server
2020-01-29 01:47:38&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Temporary server stopped
2020-01-29 01:47:38&＃43;00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.


8. 踩坑填坑简历如下

如果是新电脑&＃xff0c;一路走得很顺。笔者遇到坎坷历程如下&＃xff1a;

8.1 拉取镜像image报错
Docker获取镜像报错 docker: Error response from daemon

% docker pull mysql:8
Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/mysql/manifests/8: EOF


解决方案&＃xff1a;
点击桌面顶栏的 Docker 图标 > 选择 Preferences > 在 Daemon 标签下的 Registry mirrors 列表中加入下面的镜像地址:

http://141e5461.m.daocloud.io


点击 Apply & Restart 按钮使设置生效。

8.2 加载镜像image到Container报错&＃xff1a;显示端口3306已经被暂用

% docker run -itd --name mysql-test -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD&＃61;123456 mysql
105a2534d6e2ea7deecb051092a239b1c6789e112e7605b94895cdc88194924b
docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint mysql-test (bfee7cfce6761d115797dbe0077495c1a5b30afa2f1e8a9c9abfc429d19956db):
Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:3306: bind: address already in use.


尝试查找占用端口3306的进程&＃xff0c;并杀掉该进程。
查找暂用端口3306的进程

// sudo lsof -i :port
sudo lsof -i :3306


杀掉该进程

sudo kill -9 <PID>


发现可以杀掉该进程&＃xff0c;但是又启用了新的进程暂用端口3306. Root Cause是因为笔者本地安装了MySQL。
解决方法&＃xff1a;左上角苹果标识 > System Preferences > 最下面一行 MySQL > Instances > Stop MySQL Server. 关闭以后的截图如下&＃xff1a;

启动Container成功

% docker run -itd --name docker-mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD&＃61;123456 mysql
e9488be5b71de86078c1e7714e2ac0ce7869d5216f79d40a918e880b8e52a315


9. 参考

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000016083023

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3855127/find-and-kill-process-locking-port-3000-on-mac/59962930#59962930

https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-install-mysql.html