Django基础001

1 from django.contrib import admin
2 from django.urls import path
3 from user import views #引入模块
4
5 urlpatterns = [
6 path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
7 path(‘index/‘, views.user_info),
8 path(‘welcome/‘,views.welcome),
9 path(‘‘,views.index),#配置url
10 ]

1 import os
2
3 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
4 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
5
6
7 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
8 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
9
10 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
11 SECRET_KEY = ‘6ui+975ck&h4o8f9ga!lnz%j7u&se&-%69&-(h(4!-q4n80y9c‘
12
13 # SECURITY WARNING: don‘t run with debug turned on in production!
14 DEBUG = True
15
16 ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
17
18
19 # Application definition
20
21 INSTALLED_APPS = [ #加增加的应用
22 ‘django.contrib.admin‘,
23 ‘django.contrib.auth‘,
24 ‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
25 ‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
26 ‘django.contrib.messages‘,
27 ‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
28 ‘user‘,
29 ‘test_tools‘,
30 ‘case‘
31 ]
32
33 MIDDLEWARE = [
34 ‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
35 ‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
36 ‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
37 ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
38 ‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
39 ‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
40 ‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
41 ]
42
43 ROOT_URLCOnF= ‘sky.urls‘
44
45 TEMPLATES = [
46 {
47 ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
48 ‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘templates‘)],#指的是Django寻找html的目录
49 ‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
50 ‘OPTIONS‘: {
51 ‘context_processors‘: [
52 ‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
53 ‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
54 ‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
55 ‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
56 ],
57 },
58 },
59 ]
60
61 WSGI_APPLICATION = ‘sky.wsgi.application‘
62
63
64 # Database
65 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
66
67 DATABASES = {
68 ‘default‘: {
69 ‘ENGINE‘: ‘django.db.backends.sqlite3‘,
70 ‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘db.sqlite3‘),
71 }
72 }
73
74
75 # Password validation
76 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
77
78 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
79 {
80 ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator‘,
81 },
82 {
83 ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator‘,
84 },
85 {
86 ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator‘,
87 },
88 {
89 ‘NAME‘: ‘django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator‘,
90 },
91 ]
92
93
94 # Internationalization
95 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
96
97 #LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘en-us‘ #英文
98 LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-Hans‘#中文
99
100 TIME_ZOnE= ‘Asia/Shanghai‘#时区
101
102 USE_I18N = True
103
104 USE_L10N = True
105
106 USE_TZ = False#True：往数据库里插数据，用的标准时区的时间
107
108
109 # Static files (CSS, Javascript, Images)
110 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/
111
112 STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘
113
114 STATICFILES_DIRS = (
115 os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘static‘),
116 )
117
118 MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘images‘)#图片的总目录
119 MEDIA_URL = ‘/images/‘

1 from django.db import models
2
3 # Create your models here.
4 class Category(models.Model):
5 name = models.CharField(verbose_name=‘分类名称‘,max_length=20,unique=True)
6 create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=‘创建时间‘,auto_now_add=True)
7 update_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=‘修改时间‘,auto_now=True)
8 class Meta:
9 db_table = ‘category‘ #指定表名
10 verbose_name = ‘分类‘
11 verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
12 ordering = [‘-create_time‘,‘name‘] #排序，默认是升序,-是降序

1 class Article(models.Model):
2 title = models.CharField(verbose_name=‘标题‘,max_length=50)
3 cOntent= models.TextField(verbose_name=‘文章内容‘)
4 category = models.ForeignKey(Category,on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,db_cOnstraint=False,verbose_name=‘分类‘)
5 #建外键，on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING：当分类被删除时，文章不被影响
6 #db_cOnstraint= False:不会在表中建立真实的外键关系
7
8 img = models.ImageField(upload_to=‘article‘,verbose_name=‘文章图片‘,blank=True)#图片存放的文件夹
9 create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=‘创建时间‘, auto_now_add=True)
10 update_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=‘修改时间‘, auto_now=True)
11 class Meta:
12 db_table = ‘article‘ #指定表名
13 verbose_name = ‘文章‘
14 verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
15 ordering = [‘-create_time‘] #排序，默认是升序,-是降序

#外键删除操作模式
#models.DO_NOTHING:不受任何影响
#models.CASCADE:关联的数据也会被删除，分类被删除，引用分类的文章也会被删除
#models.SET:传入一个方法名，用方法返回值
#models.SET_DEFAULT：删除了，设置为默认值，要该字段有默认值
#models.SET_NULL：删除了，直接设置为空，要该字段可为空
#models.PROTECT#受保护，不能删除，只要这个分类下有文章，就不能删除这个分类

1 from django.http import HttpResponse
2 from django.shortcuts import render
3 from . import models
4
5 # Create your views here.
6
7 def user_info(request):
8 s = ‘你好‘
9 return HttpResponse(s)#返回的是字符串
10
11
12 def welcome(request):
13 username = ‘谢谢啦dddd‘
14 # f = open(‘G:\\pythonWorkspace\\day018\\sky\\templates\\welcome.html‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
15 # cOntent= f.read()
16 # new_cOntent= content.replace(‘{{ uname }}‘,username)
17 # return HttpResponse(new_content)
18 # render 就等于上面的一系列操作
19 return render(request,‘welcome.html‘,{‘uname‘:username})
20
21
22 def index(request):
23 categories = models.Category.objects.all()
24 articles = models.Article.objects.all()
25 return render(request,‘index.html‘,{‘categories‘:categories,‘articles‘:articles})

1 #第一种方式：增加
2 category = models.Category(name=‘mysql‘)
3 category.save()
4
5 #第二种方式：增加
6 models.Category.objects.create(name=‘心情日记‘)

1 #修改
2 c1 = models.Category.objects.get(id=1)
3 c1.name = ‘Java‘
4 c1.save()#单个数据修改
5
6 #多个数据修改
7 q = models.Category.objects.filter(name=‘python‘)
8 q.update(name=‘Python1‘)

1 #查询
2 #只能返回一条数据,如果返回多条数据会报错
3 #如果指定的条件查询不到数据，也会报错
4 c1 = models.Category.objects.get(name=‘linux‘,id=2)
5
6 #可以返回多条数据，返回结果为list,如果查询不到结果，则返回空
7 query_set = models.Category.objects.filter(name=‘python‘,id=8)
8 print(query_set.first().name)
9 print(query_set[1])
10 print(query_set)
11
12 #查询所有的数据
13 categories = models.Category.objects.all()

1 #删除
2 #单条数据删除
3 c1 = models.Category.objects.get(id=1)
4 c1.delete()
5
6 #多条数据删除
7 q = models.Category.objects.filter(name=‘Python1‘)
8 q.delete()