C#,.NETFramework,VisualStudio和CLR之间的关系

原文地址：点击打开链接

1.版本整合：

2..NET Framework 版本差异

3. C#语言版本差异：

• C# 1.0; released with .NET 1.0 and VS2002 (January 2002)
• C# 1.2 (bizarrely enough); released with .NET 1.1 and VS2003 (April 2003). First version to call Dispose on IEnumerators which implemented IDisposable. A few other small features.
• C# 2.0; released with .NET 2.0 and VS2005 (November 2005). Major new features: generics, anonymous methods, nullable types, iterator blocks,Private setters (properties),Method group conversions (delegates),Partial types and methods
• C# 3.0; released with .NET 3.5 and VS2008 (November 2007). Major new features: lambda expressions, extension methods, expression trees, anonymous types, implicit typing (var), query expressions, object and collection initializers, automatic properties.
• C# 4.0; released with .NET 4 and VS2010 (April 2010). Major new features: late binding (dynamic), delegate and interface generic variance, more COM support, named arguments and optional parameters
• C# 5.0; released with .NET 4.5 and VS2012 (February 2012). Major features: async programming, Windows Runtimesupport,caller info attributes. 
• Future: Compiler-as-a-service("Roslyn")

4. 快速记忆：

   .NET 2.0 = CLR + BCL + C#(VB.NET) +Win Form+ Web Form.

   .NET 3.0 = .NET 2.0 + WCF + WPF + WF + WCS

   .NET 3.5 = .NET 3.0 +ASP.NET AJAX + Silverlight + LINQ + ADO.NET Entity Framework and Data Services

   .NET 4.0 = .NET 3.5 + PLINQ  and Task Parallel + DLR + Background GC

    .NET 4.5  =  .NET 4.0 + .NET for Metro +  Async + Background JIT + Web Sockets

5. 图解：

6.检查CLR版本：

   System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeEnvironment.GetSystemVersion()

7.注意：

• .NET Framework 1.0、1.1 、 2.0和4.0 版是彼此完全独立的
• 当 1.0、1.1 、 2.0和4.0 版位于同一台计算机上时，每个版本都有自己的公共语言运行库、类库和编译器，
• .NET Framework 提供高度的向后兼容性支持,只有对于 1.1 版，.NET Framework 还支持向前兼容性
• 使用 2.0 版创建的应用程序将不在 .NET Framework 的早期版本上运行

8.C#语言规范：

Microsoft specifications

• C# 4.0 (2010; Word document; also available as HTML)
• C# 3.0 (unified, 2007; Word document)
• C# 2.0 (September 2005; Word document)
• C# 1.2 (2003; Word document)
• C# 1.0 (2002; Word document)

ECMA specifications

• Latest contents: - Fourth edition (June 2006; PDF)
• Archives of old editions:
  • Third edition (June 2005; PDF)
  • Second edition (December 2002; PDF)
  • First edition (December 2001; PDF)

Annotated specifications

Both the ECMA and Microsoft teams have produced annotated specifications, with interesting comments from the design team and some members of the community. I can thoroughly recommend them as providing extra insight. (Disclaimer: I contributed annotations to the ECMA C# 2 and Microsoft C# 4 specs.)

• Microsoft (C# 4) (due out in November 2010)
• Microsoft (C# 3)
• ECMA (C# 2)

参考资料：

.NET Framework version history and C Sharp (program language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework_version_history

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_Sharp_(programming_language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_.NET_Framework_versions

.NET Version

http://csharpindepth.com/articles/chapter1/versions.aspx

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/247621/what-are-the-correct-version-numbers-for-c

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/johnwpowell/archive/2008/03/16/c-and-net-framework-features-by-version-quick-reference.aspx

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/212896/how-do-the-net-framework-clr-and-visual-studio-version-numbers-relate-to-each

http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben/archive/2007/10/13/923267.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben/archive/2009/12/13/1622806.html

http://www.soaspx.com/dotnet/asp.net/Advance/advance_20100418_3853.html

.NET 4.5 New features

.NET Versioning and Multi-Targeting - .NET 4.5 is an in-place upgrade to .NET 4.0

http://www.hanselman.com/blog/NETVersioningAndMultiTargetingNET45IsAnInplaceUpgradeToNET40.aspx

What's New in the .NET Framework 4.5 RC

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms171868(v=vs.110)

 

 

资料收集：

1. 微软推出下一代互联网构想
2. 如何判断 .NET Compact Framework 的版本
3. .NET 3.5的版本问题
4. HOWTO: Determining the .NET Compact Framework Version
5. What .NET Framework version numbers go with what service pack
6. Sample code to detect .NET Framework 1.0 and 1.1 and service packs
7. Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable 1.0 - 简体中文
8. Deploying Microsoft .NET Framework Version 3.0
9. Update Deployment for Visual Studio and the .NET Framework
10. Understanding User-Agent Strings
11. (Download) Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack 1 (Installer)
12. (KB318785) 如何确定安装了哪些版本的 .NET Framework 以及是否应用了 Service Pack
13. (KB818380) How to obtain the latest .NET Framework 1.0 service pack
14. (KB318836) 如何获取最新的 .NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack
15. (KB885055) 如何获取 Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1
16. (KB915756) How to install and update the .NET Framework 1.1 on different operating systems
17. (KB928367) 2007 年 7 月 10 日版用于 Windows Vista、Windows Server 2003、Windows XP 和 Windows 2000 的 .NET Framework 1.0 Service Pack 3 (SP3) 安全更新说明
18. (KB928366) 2007 年 7 月 10 日版用于 Windows XP 和 Windows 2000 的 .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1 (SP1) 安全更新说明
19. (KB928365) 2007 年 7 月 10 日版用于 Windows Server 2003、Windows XP 和 Windows 2000 的 .NET Framework 2.0 安全更新说明
20. (KB932471) FIX: Error message when you try to open or to create a protected XPS document by using the XPS viewer that is included with the .NET Framework 3.0: "Cannot open this document because your permissions have expired"
21. (KB2468871) Update for Microsoft .NET Framework 4
22. (2002-02-13) Microsoft Launches XML Web Services Revolution With Visual Studio .NET and .NET Framework
23. (2003-04-24) Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Is Available Worldwide Today
24. (2004-07-03) Download Visual Studio Whidbey Express Versions Now!!
25. (2005-04-18) Visual Studio 2005 and .NET Framework 2.0 beta 2 now available
26. (2005-10-27) Final official version of .NET Framework 2.0 is available for download!
27. (2006-11-07) The final version of the .NET Framework 3.0 is now available for download
28. (2007-01-30) Microsoft Launches Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 to Consumers Worldwide
29. (2007-04-19) Visual Studio "Orcas" and .NET FX 3.5 Beta1 shipped!
30. (2007-07-26) Announcing the release of Visual Studio 2008 Beta 2, .NET FX 3.5 Beta 2, and Silverlight 1.0 RC
31. (2007-11-19) Visual Studio 2008 and .NET Framework 3.5 shipped!
32. (2008-08-11) Service Pack 1 for VS 2008 and .NET FX 3.5 released!
33. (2010-04-12) Announcing availability of Visual Studio 2010 and .NET Framework 4
34. (2011-03-08) Announcing Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack 1