本例中包括了switchover过程,下面按照switchover前后进行介绍。switchover之前,这时RAC是primary database.(1) RAC 每个实例都
很久之前做的实验,今天存档一下:
说明:
RAC primary和Single standby配置
2节点RAC和1个single instance组成的data guard环境。
1.环境介绍
Primary database是一个两节的RAC,存储采用raw和ASM混合的方式,具体如下
RAC Primary
Inode1
Inode2
Public IP
172.28.22.246
172.28.22.247
Private IP
172.28.7.70
172.28.7.244
Virtual IP
172.28.22.248
172.28.22.249
Instance
Orcl1
Orcl2
DB_NAME
orcl
Data,Controle file,Redo file
Raw,ASM
Standby database的数据文件放在本地,不用raw和ams方式,具体如下
Single instance standby
说明(inode2)
IP
172.28.7.244
Oracle
安装的非RAC版本
Instance
orcl
Data,Controle file,Redo file
/home/orastd/oradata/orcl
注:因为条件限制,这个实例里的standby database也装在inode2机器上,只是在不同的系统用户下安装的单实例引擎。
2.配置要点
本例中包括了switchover过程,下面按照switchover前后进行介绍。
switchover之前,这时RAC是primary database.
(1) RAC 每个实例都要配置日志发送,日的地都指向standby
(2) 确认日志发送方法,本例使用了默认同步方式,ARCH进程
(3) standby配置日志接收方法,本例使用standby redo log
(4) 启动MRP
switchover之后,这时RAC是standby database.
如果standby是RAC,则日志的接收和恢复可不是同一个instance,术语上把这个两个实例分别叫做receive instance和recover instance.
本例为简化,把二者都统一为一个instance。
(1) single instance的日志只发送到RAC的一个实例
(2) 确认RAC的日志接收方法,本例使用standby redo log
(3) 在RAC的一个实例上启动MRP
3.配置步骤
(1) 配置两个数据库的tnsnames.ora和listener.ora
RAC(rac1,rac2)和standby(orcl)上的tnsnames.ora相同,如下:
ORCL_SINGLE =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.28.7.244)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
)
)
ORCL2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = inode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
(INSTANCE_NAME = orcl2)
)
)
ORCL1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = inode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
(INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1)
)
)
standby上的listener.ora
inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> more listener.ora
LISTENER =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(Host = 172.28.7.244)(Port = 1522))
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
(2) 准备参数文件
原始的RAC参数文件如下
orcl2.__db_cache_size=142606336
orcl2.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl1.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl2.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl1.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl1.__shared_pool_size=117440512
orcl2.__shared_pool_size=138412032
orcl2.__streams_pool_size=0
orcl1.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/db/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/db/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.cluster_database_instances=2
*.cluster_database=TRUE
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/dev/rcontrol1_raw','/dev/rcontrol2_raw','/dev/rcontrol3_raw'
*.core_dump_dest='/db/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG1'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)'
orcl2.instance_number=2
orcl1.instance_number=1
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_cOnfig=''
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/db/oracle'
orcl1.log_archive_dest_1='location=/db/arch1'
orcl2.log_archive_dest_1='location=/db/arch2'
orcl2.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl1'
orcl1.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl2'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=96468992
*.processes=150
*.remote_listener='LISTENERS_ORCL'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sga_target=290455552
orcl2.standby_archive_dest='/db/arch1'
orcl1.standby_archive_dest='/db/arch2'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
orcl2.thread=2
orcl1.thread=1
*.undo_management='AUTO'
orcl2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
orcl1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
RAC原参数不变,添加如下参数:
*.log_archive_cOnfig='DG_COnFIG=(orcl,orcl_single)'
*.log_archive_dest_3='SERVICE=orcl_single VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_single'
*.db_file_name_cOnvert='/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','+DG3/orcl/datafile/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','/dev/'
*.log_file_name_cOnvert='/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','+DG3/orcl/onlinelog/'
*.standby_file_management=AUTO
*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_single'
orcl1.FAL_CLIENT='orcl1'
orcl2.FAL_CLIENT='orcl2'
注意:
db_file_name_convert、log_file_name_convert是做主备切换时用到,如果不做主备切换这两参数可以不配,而且其它参数可以动态修改,不用重启生效。这两参数要重启后才能生效。
为了文件存储格式的,这两参数的值是成对出现的。
在ASM的RAC中不要更改db_unique_name的值,因为ASM的文件存储方式是按些值存放的。
single standby上的参数initorcl.ora配置:
*.__db_cache_size=150994944
*.__java_pool_size=4194304
*.__large_pool_size=4194304
*.__shared_pool_size=130023424
*.__streams_pool_size=0
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=96468992
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.sga_target=290455552
*.undo_management='AUTO'
#要修改的参数
*.control_files='/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/stdcrl.ctl'
*.log_archive_cOnfig='DG_COnFIG=(orcl,orcl_single)'
*.standby_archive_dest='/home/orastd/arch'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/orastd/arch'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl1 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
*.db_file_name_cOnvert='/dev/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/','+DG3/orcl/datafile/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/'
*.log_file_name_cOnvert='/dev/','/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
fal_server='orcl1','orcl2'
fal_client='orcl_single'
thread=1
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.core_dump_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.audit_file_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.user_dump_dest='/home/orastd/admin/orcl/udump'
##要添加的参数
db_unique_name='orcl_single'
service_name='orcl_single'
##要删除的参数,下面这些参数是RAC上特有的,可以删除。
*.cluster_database_instances=2
*.cluster_database=TRUE
orcl2.instance_number=2
orcl1.instance_number=1
*.remote_listener='LISTENERS_ORCL'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DG1'
(3) 在RAC上进行备份
inode2:oracle:orcl2:/db/oracle> rman target /
inode2:oracle:orcl2:/db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs> rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 15:26:01 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1268210488)
RMAN> backup database format '/db/dbback/%U';
....
(4) 创建standby的控制文件
在RAC两实例上进行几次归档
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/db/dbback/stdcrl.ctl';
(5) 把所以备份拷贝到standby服务器的相同目录下
因为standby库和rac2在相同的服务器inode2上,,所以这步可以省略。
只需要把stdcrl.ctl拷贝到指定的目录,并赋权限:
inode2:root::/db/dbback> ls
4bm5ajul_1_1 4cm5ajul_1_1 stdcrl.ctl
inode2:root::/db/dbback> chown orastd:dba /db/dbback/*
inode2:root::/db/dbback> ls -l
total 2057968
-rw-r----- 1 orastd dba 487129088 Feb 22 15:55 4bm5ajul_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 orastd dba 554999808 Feb 22 15:55 4cm5ajul_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 orastd dba 11550720 Feb 22 16:02 stdcrl.ctl
inode2:root::/db/dbback>cp stdcrl.ctl /home/orastd/oradata/orcl/
(6) 启动standby到nomount状态
创建密码文件:
inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/>orapwd password=oracle file=orapworcl entries=30
启动数据库,创建spfile文件:
分别用下面两种方式把实例启动到nmount状态:
inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 10:03:40 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 293601280 bytes
Fixed Size 2020392 bytes
Variable Size 138415064 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes
SQL> exit
inode2:orastd:orcl:/home/orastd/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> sqlplus sys/oracle@ORCL_SINGLE as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 10:04:12 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 293601280 bytes
Fixed Size 2020392 bytes
Variable Size 138415064 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 2170880 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
file created.
(7) 用rman创建standby数据库
在RAC orcl2实例上做还原恢复操作:
inode2:oracle:orcl2:/db/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin> rman target / auxiliary sys/oracle@ORCL_SINGLE
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 23 10:19:52 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1268210488)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby;
Starting Duplicate Db at 23-FEB-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_2
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: sid=155 devtype=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
restore clone standby controlfile;
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting restore at 23-FEB-1
.............
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=29 stamp=743855043 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/rundotbs2_raw
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=30 stamp=743855044 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/lcz.256.743266487
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=31 stamp=743855044 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/lcz.257.743186313
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=32 stamp=743855044 filename=/home/orastd/oradata/orcl/ts.258.743273077
Finished Duplicate Db at 23-FEB-11
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete