Oracle10gRAC环境下创建物理DATAGUARD

为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库

为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。

一、在备库服务器安装Oracle软件

只安装软件，不要创建数据库。ORACLE软件版本和主库保持一致。

二、修改主库参数

节点1执行：

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string /dev/raw/raw14

节点2执行：

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string /dev/raw/raw14

可见，在本例中，RAC各节点共用一个spfile，所以，我们修改参数时，，可以只需在一个节点下修改就可以了。

--强制数据库LOGGING

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

Database altered.

--修改DATAGUARD相关参数

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_COnFIG='DG_COnFIG=(primary,standby)' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/soft/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4 scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET COMPATIBLE = '10.2.0.3' scope=spfile;

System altered.

--以下几个参数是为了SWITCH OVER用的，是可选参数。

--但是为了以后可能发生的SWITCH OVER更方便，应该养成设置这些参数的习惯

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = PRIMARY SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = STANDBY SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_COnVERT='/soft/oradata/rac/','/dev/raw/' SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_COnVERT='/soft/oradata/rac/','/dev/raw/' SCOPE=SPFILE;

System altered.

--在本文测试环境下，由于主库和备库路径不一致，所以要设置路径转换参数。

三、修改主库为归档模式

1、--关闭所有实例

--注意：修改以上参数后，必须把所有实例都关闭。否则在启动实例的时候可能会导致错误：

--ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kccsbck_first], [2], [2241198041],

[], [], [], [], []

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

2、修改为归档模式

--关闭所有节点

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

--在其中一个节点启用归档

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes

Fixed Size 1260672 bytes

Variable Size 79692672 bytes

Database Buffers 75497472 bytes

Redo Buffers 2932736 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

10GR2以前，在RAC环境下修改归档必须先把设置参数cluster_database=false，把数据库设置为归档后再把该参数设置为true，但这个步骤在10GR2可以省略。

四、备份数据库

1、备份数据库

备份操作在节点1(rac1)上执行。

由于归档在不同的节点下，故要连接所有节点进行备份：

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 14:48:23 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: RAC (DBID=2232067446)

RMAN> run

2> {

3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/test@rac1;

4> allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/test@rac2;

5> backup database plus archivelog delete all input;

6> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: sid=134 instance=rac1 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: c2

channel c2: sid=141 instance=rac2 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 30-APR-08

current log archived

channel c1: starting archive log backupset

channel c1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=80 recid=1 stamp=653247673

input archive log thread=1 sequence=81 recid=4 stamp=653268228

input archive log thread=1 sequence=82 recid=5 stamp=653353066

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c2: starting archive log backupset

channel c2: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=85 recid=13 stamp=653409646

input archive log thread=2 sequence=42 recid=2 stamp=653248818

input archive log thread=2 sequence=43 recid=3 stamp=653250118

input archive log thread=2 sequence=46 recid=10 stamp=653353763

input archive log thread=2 sequence=47 recid=11 stamp=653354798

input archive log thread=2 sequence=48 recid=12 stamp=653409644

input archive log thread=2 sequence=49 recid=16 stamp=653410122

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/02jf4fql_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144854 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05

channel c2: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_85_644085430.arc recid=13 stamp=653409646

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_42_644085430.arc recid=2 stamp=653248818

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_43_644085430.arc recid=3 stamp=653250118

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_46_644085430.arc recid=10 stamp=653353763

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_47_644085430.arc recid=11 stamp=653354798

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_48_644085430.arc recid=12 stamp=653409644

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_49_644085430.arc recid=16 stamp=653410122

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/01jf4fqq_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144854 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:14

channel c1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_80_644085430.arc recid=1 stamp=653247673

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_81_644085430.arc recid=4 stamp=653268228

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_82_644085430.arc recid=5 stamp=653353066

channel c1: starting archive log backupset

channel c1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=83 recid=6 stamp=653353068

input archive log thread=1 sequence=84 recid=9 stamp=653353575

input archive log thread=1 sequence=86 recid=14 stamp=653409966

input archive log thread=1 sequence=87 recid=15 stamp=653410123

input archive log thread=2 sequence=44 recid=7 stamp=653353071

input archive log thread=2 sequence=45 recid=8 stamp=653353072

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/03jf4fr9_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144854 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

channel c1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_83_644085430.arc recid=6 stamp=653353068

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_84_644085430.arc recid=9 stamp=653353575

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_86_644085430.arc recid=14 stamp=653409966

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_87_644085430.arc recid=15 stamp=653410123

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_44_644085430.arc recid=7 stamp=653353071

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_45_644085430.arc recid=8 stamp=653353072

Finished backup at 30-APR-08

Starting backup at 30-APR-08

channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/dev/raw/raw1

input datafile fno=00005 name=/dev/raw/raw7

input datafile fno=00003 name=/dev/raw/raw2

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c2: starting full datafile backupset

channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00002 name=/dev/raw/raw3

input datafile fno=00004 name=/dev/raw/raw5

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/05jf4frg_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:43

channel c2: starting full datafile backupset

channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/06jf4ft0_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22

channel c2: starting full datafile backupset

channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel c2: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c2: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/07jf4ftm_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONE

channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/04jf4frg_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:13

Finished backup at 30-APR-08

Starting backup at 30-APR-08

current log archived

channel c1: starting archive log backupset

channel c1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=88 recid=17 stamp=653410237

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/08jf4fv9_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T145120 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

channel c1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/1_88_644085430.arc recid=17 stamp=653410237

channel c1: starting archive log backupset

channel c1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=2 sequence=50 recid=18 stamp=653410279

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/09jf4fvf_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T145120 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

channel c1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/soft/archivelog/2_50_644085430.arc recid=18 stamp=653410279

Finished backup at 30-APR-08

released channel: c1

released channel: c2

2、生成备库控制文件

RMAN> run

2> {

3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/CON_%U';

4> backup current controlfile for standby;

5> }

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: sid=131 instance=rac1 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 30-APR-08

channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including standby control file in backupset

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 30-APR-08

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 30-APR-08

piece handle=/soft/backup/CON_0ajf4gqi_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T150554 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:12

Finished backup at 30-APR-08

released channel: c1

为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。

五、备库环境准备

1、在备库添加指向主库的tnsnames

在备库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：

primary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.11)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.22)(PORT = 1521))

(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

(FAILOVER_MODE =

(TYPE = SELECT)

(METHOD = BASIC)

(RETRIES = 180)

(DELAY = 5)

)

)

)2、在备库创建相关目录

包括adump,bdump,cdump,udump及数据文件目录等。

3、拷贝主库的密码文件到备库上

--拷贝rac1的密码文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下，并把该密码文件修改为orapwd。这里我的sid就用rac1，所以，不用改名。

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwrac1 172.25.0.35:`pwd`

orapwrac1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00

4、配置备库的监听

[oracle@standby admin]$ more listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)

(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2/database)

(SID_NAME = rac1)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))

)

)

启动备库监听：lsnrctl start