python创建窗口应用程序_使用python的Tkinter构建应用程序

这一节记录的是我在使用python tkinter时的一些笔记。

背景&＃xff1a;现在需要构建一个简易的聊天工具&＃xff0c;说简易是因为确实只需要很简单的几个界面&＃xff0c;包括一个登陆界面、一个好友列表和单击好友时弹出好友对话框可以交谈&＃xff0c;我们这里只需要创建简单的界面(不包括业务)&＃xff0c;所以选择用tkinter这个模块来实现。

要点一、神马是tkinter&＃xff1f;

Tkinter模块("Tk 接口")是Python的标准Tk GUI工具包的接口.Tk和Tkinter可以在大多数的Unix平台下使用,同样可以应用在Windows和Macintosh系统里.,Tk8.0的后续版本可以实现本地窗口风格,并良好地运行在绝大多数平台中.(摘自百度百科)想要查看你的Tkinter版本&＃xff0c;只需要在python命令行模式下输入print Tkinter.TkVersion即可&＃xff0c;笔者的版本是8.5。

要点二、安装

一般情况下&＃xff0c;安装python时&＃xff0c;自带安装了Tkinter&＃xff0c;并且与python的版本相对应&＃xff0c;例如python2.7.3对应的应该是8.5版本&＃xff0c;其余的我倒不是很熟悉。但有些预安装的python可能没有带上tkinter&＃xff0c;例如我在虚拟机Fedora17上的python并没有自带tkinter&＃xff0c;这时候解决办法是使用yum install tkinter命令即可。

要点三、登陆框

View Code

1 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

2 importTkinter3 from Tkinter import *

4 from multiprocessing importProcess,Pipe5 classLogin:6 def __init__(self,master,con):7 self.con &＃61; con#pipe connection

8 self.parent &＃61; master#Tk实例&＃xff0c;父容器

9 self.username &＃61; ""

10 self.password&＃61;""

11 master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)#绑定关闭按钮到cancel函数

12 self.__layout__(master)13

14 pass

15

16 #布局

17 def __layout__(self,master):18 master.geometry("320x150&＃43;400&＃43;100")#窗口大小及坐标

19 master.title("腾Q登陆框")20

21 row1 &＃61;Frame(master)22 row1.pack(padx&＃61;10,pady&＃61;15)23 Label(row1,width&＃61;8,text&＃61;"用户名&＃xff1a;",anchor&＃61;W).pack(side&＃61;LEFT)24 self.en_user &＃61;Entry(row1)25 self.en_user.pack(side&＃61;LEFT)26

27 row2 &＃61;Frame(master)28 row2.pack(padx&＃61;10,pady&＃61;0)29 Label(row2,width&＃61;8,text&＃61;"密码&＃xff1a;",anchor&＃61;W).pack(side&＃61;LEFT)30 self.en_pswd &＃61; Entry(row2,show&＃61;"*")31 self.en_pswd.pack(side&＃61;LEFT)32

33 row3 &＃61;Frame(master)34 row3.pack(padx&＃61;10,pady&＃61;15)35 Button(row3,text&＃61;"确定",width&＃61;10,command&＃61;self.ok).pack(side&＃61;LEFT,padx&＃61;5)36 Button(row3,text&＃61;"取消",width&＃61;10,command&＃61;self.cancel).pack(side&＃61;LEFT,padx&＃61;5)37 pass

38

39 defok(self):40 self.username &＃61;self.en_user.get()41 self.password &＃61;self.en_pswd.get()42 if notself.validate():43 print "usrname or password error"

44 return

45 self.con.send({"res":True,"data":(self.username,self.password)})46 self.parent.quit()47 self.parent.destroy()48 pass

49

50 #验证账号密码

51 defvalidate(self):52 returnTrue53

54 defcancel(self):55 self.con.send({"res":False,"data":(self.username,self.password)})56 self.parent.quit()57 self.parent.destroy()58 pass

效果如图&＃xff1a;

要点四、好友列表

View Code

1 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

2 importTkinter3 from Tkinter import *

4 from multiprocessing importProcess,Pipe5 from Chat import *

6 importstring7 classMain:8 def __init__(self,master,con&＃61;""):9 self.con &＃61; con #ends of a pipe

10 self.parent &＃61;master11 self.__loadmyself__()12 self.__layout__(master)13

14 #在这里导入个人资料&＃xff0c;至少包含name属性

15 def __loadmyself__(self):16 self.me &＃61; {"name":u"沉鱼落雁"}17 pass

18

19 def __layout__(self,master):20 master.geometry("320x720&＃43;400&＃43;0")21 master.title("腾Q")22

23 f_message &＃61;Frame(master)24 f_message.pack(fill&＃61;X)25

26 Label(f_message,text&＃61;self.me[&＃39;name&＃39;]&＃43;"(online)").grid(row&＃61;0,sticky&＃61;W,pady&＃61;10,padx&＃61;5)27 Label(f_message,text&＃61;"好友列表&＃xff1a;").grid(row&＃61;1,sticky&＃61;W)28

29

30 f_friendlist &＃61;Frame(master)31 f_friendlist.pack(fill&＃61;BOTH)32 #带滚动条

33 scrollbar &＃61; Scrollbar(f_friendlist, orient&＃61;VERTICAL)34

35 self.listbox &＃61; Listbox(f_friendlist,yscrollcommand&＃61;scrollbar.set,height&＃61;700)36 scrollbar.config(command&＃61;self.listbox.yview)37 scrollbar.pack(side&＃61;RIGHT, fill&＃61;Y)38 self.listbox.bind("",self.show)39 self.refreshfriends()40 self.listbox.pack(fill&＃61;BOTH,expand&＃61;1)41 pass

42

43 #在这里导入好友列表

44 defloadfriends(self):45 #reading friends list from server

46 #for example:(needs to be modified)

47 self.friendlist &＃61; [{"ID":0,"name":u"xxx","state":"on"},{"ID":1,"name":u"范德萨","state":"off"}]48

49 fl &＃61;self.friendlist50 for obj infl:51 self.listbox.insert(END,"%s(%s)"% (obj["name"],obj["state"]))52 for i in range(2,50):53 obj &＃61; {"ID":i,"name":u"王老吉%d"%i,"state":"on"}54 self.friendlist.append(obj)55 self.listbox.insert(END,"%s(%s)"% (obj["name"],obj["state"]))56 pass

57

58 #更新好友列表&＃xff0c;通常是周期性更新好友状态

59 defrefreshfriends(self):60 self.listbox.delete(0,END)61 self.loadfriends()62 pass

63

64 #开启对话框

65 defshow(self,event):66 lb &＃61;self.listbox;67 ss &＃61;lb.curselection()68 if len(ss) &＃61;&＃61; 1:69 #print lb.curselection(),lb.get(lb.curselection())

70 index &＃61;string.atoi(ss[0])71 if index >&＃61;len(self.friendlist) :72 print "error",index,len(self.friendlist)73 else:74 obj &＃61;self.friendlist[index]75 if not obj.has_key("open"):76 self.__openchat__(obj)77 else:78 if not obj["open"] &＃61;&＃61; "yes":79 self.__openchat__(obj)80 else:81 print obj[&＃39;ID&＃39;],"alreay open"

82 #print self.friendlist[ss[0]]

83 pass

84

85 def __openchat__(self,obj):86 obj["open"] &＃61; "yes"

87 chat &＃61; Chat(self.parent,"",obj,self.me)88 pass

89

90 if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; "__main__":91 root &＃61;Tk()92 main &＃61;Main(root)93 root.mainloop()

效果如图&＃xff1a;

要点五、对话框基类

View Code

1 #coding&＃61;UTF-8

2 #File: myDialog.py

3

4 from Tkinter import *

5 importos6

7 classDialog(Toplevel):8

9 def __init__(self, parent, title &＃61;None):10

11 Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)12 self.transient(parent)13

14 iftitle:15 self.title(title)16

17 self.parent &＃61;parent18

19 self.result &＃61;None20

21

22 body &＃61;Frame(self)23 self.initial_focus &＃61;self.body(body)24 body.pack(padx&＃61;5, pady&＃61;5,fill&＃61;X)25

26 self.buttonbox()27

28 #self.grab_set()

29

30 if notself.initial_focus:31 self.initial_focus &＃61;self32

33 self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)34

35 self.geometry("&＃43;%d&＃43;%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()&＃43;50,36 parent.winfo_rooty()&＃43;50))37

38 self.initial_focus.focus_set()39

40 self.wait_window(self)41

42 #43 #construction hooks

44

45 defbody(self, master):46 #create dialog body. return widget that should have

47 #initial focus. this method should be overridden

48

49 pass

50

51 defbuttonbox(self):52 #add standard button box. override if you don&＃39;t want the

53 #standard buttons

54

55 box &＃61;Frame(self)56

57 self.btn_ok &＃61; Button(box, text&＃61;"确定", width&＃61;10, command&＃61;self.ok)58 self.btn_ok .pack(side&＃61;LEFT, padx&＃61;5, pady&＃61;5)59 self.btn_cancel &＃61; Button(box, text&＃61;"取消", width&＃61;10, command&＃61;self.cancel)60 self.btn_cancel .pack(side&＃61;LEFT, padx&＃61;5, pady&＃61;5)61

62 #self.bind("", self.ok)

63 #self.bind("", self.cancel)

64

65 box.pack(anchor&＃61;E)66

67 #68 #standard button semantics

69

70 def ok(self, event&＃61;None):71

72 if notself.validate():73 self.initial_focus.focus_set() #put focus back

74 return

75

76 self.withdraw()77 self.update_idletasks()78

79 self.apply()80

81 self.cancel()82

83 def cancel(self, event&＃61;None):84 #put focus back to the parent window

85 self.parent.focus_set()86 self.destroy()87

88 #89 #command hooks

90

91 defvalidate(self):92

93 return 1 #override

94

95 defapply(self):96

97 pass #override

要点六、对话框

View Code

1 #coding&＃61;UTF-8

2 importTkinter3 from Tkinter import *

4 from myDialog import *

5 from datetime import *

6

7 classChat(Dialog):8 def __init__(self,master,title,obj,me):9 self.obj &＃61;obj10 self.me &＃61;me11 t &＃61; u"与"&＃43;obj[&＃39;name&＃39;]&＃43;u"聊天中"

12 Dialog.__init__(self,master,t)13

14 defapply(self):15 dt&＃61;datetime.now()16 timestr &＃61; u&＃39;%s于%s说&＃xff1a; \n&＃39; % (self.me[&＃39;name&＃39;],dt.strftime(&＃39;%c&＃39;))17 msg &＃61; self.input.get(1.0,END)18 if msg.strip() &＃61;&＃61; "":19 returnFalse20 self.insertmessage(timestr&＃43;msg)21 self.input.delete(1.0,END)22

23 self.text.yview(MOVETO, 1.0)24 pass

25

26 defbody(self,master):27 self.geometry("680x480")28 self.resizable(False,False)29

30 frame &＃61;Frame(master)31 Label(frame,text&＃61;"聊天记录&＃xff1a;").pack(padx&＃61;5,pady&＃61;5)32 frame.grid(row&＃61;0,sticky&＃61;W)33

34 frame &＃61;Frame(master)35 frame.grid(row&＃61;1)36 self.text_scrollbar &＃61; Scrollbar(frame, orient&＃61;VERTICAL)37 self.text &＃61; Text(frame,yscrollcommand&＃61; self.text_scrollbar.set,height&＃61;14,bg&＃61;"white")38 self.text_scrollbar.config(command&＃61;self.text.yview)39 self.text_scrollbar.pack(side&＃61;RIGHT, fill&＃61;Y)40 self.text.bind("", lambda e : "break")41 self.text.pack()42

43 frame &＃61;Frame(master)44 Label(frame,text&＃61;"输入聊天信息&＃xff1a;").pack(padx&＃61;5,pady&＃61;5)45 frame.grid(row&＃61;2,sticky&＃61;W)46

47

48 frame &＃61;Frame(master)49 frame.grid(row&＃61;3)50 scrollbar &＃61; Scrollbar(frame, orient&＃61;VERTICAL)51 self.input &＃61; Text(frame,yscrollcommand&＃61;scrollbar.set,height&＃61;8,bg&＃61;"white")52 scrollbar.config(command&＃61;self.input.yview)53 scrollbar.pack(side&＃61;RIGHT,fill&＃61;Y)54 self.input.pack(fill&＃61;Y)55

56

57 #插入聊天信息(显示在聊天框)

58 definsertmessage(self,msg):59 self.text.insert(END,msg&＃43;"\n")60 pass

61

62 #设置对话框标题

63 defsetTitle(self,title):64 self.title(title)65 pass

66

67 def ok(self,event&＃61;None):68 self.apply()69 pass

70

71 def cancel(self,event&＃61;None):72 self.obj["open"] &＃61; "no"

73 print "set open %s to no"%self.obj[&＃39;name&＃39;]74 Dialog.cancel(self,event)75

76 if __name__ &＃61;&＃61; "__main__":77 print "开放的"

效果如图&＃xff1a;