作者:扈菁雄佳纯 | 来源:互联网 | 2024-10-21 11:11
一、权限:一,不使用--auth1.首先,不使用--auth参数启动MongoDB:.mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0binmongod-fmongodb-linu
一、权限:
一,不使用 --auth
1.首先,不使用--auth参数启动MongoDB:
./mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongod -f mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/mongodb.conf
2.接着,在命令窗口中输入:
看到只有一个local数据库,admin是不存在的(这是3.0以上版本改变了的),我们需要自己给他创建个admin数据库。
3.打开 mongo shell:
./mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongo
4.添加管理用户
use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "admin",
pwd: "admin",
roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
}
)
roles 中的 db 参数是必须的,不然会报错:Error: couldn’t add user: Missing expected field “db”。另外,有很多文章记录的是使用 db.addUser(…) 方法,这个方法是旧版的,3.0中已经不存在。详细:点击打开链接
5.切换到admin下,查看刚才创建的用户:
show users
或
db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.buru", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "gwVwuA/dXvxgSHavEnlyvA==", "storedKey" : "l2QEVTEujpkCuqDEKqfIWbSv4ms=", "serverKey" : "M1ofNKXg2sNCsFrBJbX4pXbSgvg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
怎么关闭 mongoDB?千万不要 kill -9 pid,可以 kill -2 pid 或 db.shutdownServer()
二,使用--auth
1.使用--auth参数启动MongoDB:
./mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongod --auth -f mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/mongodb.conf
2.再次打开 mongo shell:
./mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongo
use admin
db.auth("admin","admin") #认证,返回1表示成功
或
./mongodb-linux-i686-3.0.0/bin/mongo -u admin -p admin --authenticationDatabase admin
此时
报错
2015-03-17T10:15:56.011+0800 EQUERYError: listCollections failed: {
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listCollections: 1.0 }",
"code" : 13
}
at Error ()
at DB._getCollectionInfosCommand (src/mongo/shell/db.js:643:15)
at DB.getCollectionInfos (src/mongo/shell/db.js:655:20)
at DB.getCollectionNames (src/mongo/shell/db.js:666:17)
at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:625:12)
at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/db.js:643
因为,用户admin只有用户管理的权限。
3.下面创建用户,用户都跟着库走,创建的用户都是
use test
db.createUser(
{ user: "test1",
pwd: "test1",
roles: [
{ role: "readWrite", db: "test" }
]
}
)
4.查看刚刚创建的用户
{
"_id" : "test.test1",
"user" : "test1",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
5.查看整个mongoDB全部的用户:
use admin
db.system.users.find()
use admin
db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "gwVwuA/dXvxgSHavEnlyvA==", "storedKey" : "l2QEVTEujpkCuqDEKqfIWbSv4ms=", "serverKey" : "M1ofNKXg2sNCsFrBJbX4pXbSgvg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "test.test1", "user" : "test1", "db" : "test", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "//xy1V1fbqEHC1gzQqZHGQ==", "storedKey" : "ZS/o54zzl/FdcXLQJ98KdAVTfF0=", "serverKey" : "iIpNYz2Gk8KhyK3zgz6muBt0PI4=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "test" } ] }
6.创建完毕,验证一下:
use admin
show collections
2015-03-17T10:30:06.461+0800 EQUERYError: listCollections failed: {
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on buru to execute command { listCollections: 1.0 }",
"code" : 13
}
at Error ()
at DB._getCollectionInfosCommand (src/mongo/shell/db.js:643:15)
at DB.getCollectionInfos (src/mongo/shell/db.js:655:20)
at DB.getCollectionNames (src/mongo/shell/db.js:666:17)
at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:625:12)
at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/db.js:643
7.显然没权限,先auth:
db.auth("test1","test1")
1
show collections
news
system.indexes
二、role类型:
数据库用户角色(Database User Roles):
-
read:授予User只读数据的权限
-
readWrite:授予User读写数据的权限
数据库管理角色(Database Administration Roles):
-
dbAdmin:在当前dB中执行管理操作
-
dbOwner:在当前DB中执行任意操作
-
userAdmin:在当前DB中管理User
备份和还原角色(Backup and Restoration Roles):
跨库角色(All-Database Roles):
-
readAnyDatabase:授予在所有数据库上读取数据的权限
-
readWriteAnyDatabase:授予在所有数据库上读写数据的权限
-
userAdminAnyDatabase:授予在所有数据库上管理User的权限
-
dbAdminAnyDatabase:授予管理所有数据库的权限
集群管理角色(Cluster Administration Roles):
-
clusterAdmin:授予管理集群的最高权限
-
clusterManager:授予管理和监控集群的权限,A user with this role can access the config and local databases, which are used in sharding and replication, respectively.
-
clusterMonitor:授予监控集群的权限,对监控工具具有readonly的权限
-
hostManager:管理Server
三、设置超级管理员
1)不带--auth参数启动数据库,所以不需要帐号即可连上MongoDB。
2)新建一个角色,比如叫 sysadmin,需要先切换到admin库进行如下操作
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createRole({role:'sysadmin',roles:[],
... privileges:[
... {resource:{anyResource:true},actions:['anyAction']}
... ]})
3)然后,新建一个用户,使用这个角色,注意,这个角色的db是admin,操作如下:
> use woplus
switched to db woplus
> db.createUser({
... user:'woplus',
... pwd:'wo@1990',
... roles:[
... {role:'sysadmin',db:'admin'}
... ]})
4)OK,我们看看效果。先看看用户情况,如下:
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.root", "user" : "root", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "dfda4d4e75995650c3e1b3f2b65b1920" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "woplus.woplus", "user" : "woplus", "db" : "woplus", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "bcabae4fe4d7951fad37cb2d099437e8" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "sysadmin", "db" : "admin" } ] }
5)然后,我们重启数据库,加上 --auth 参数。
再从客户端使用帐号登录MongoDB。
./mongo -u woplus -p wo@1990 192.168.1.84/woplus
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.8
connecting to: 192.168.1.84/woplus
>
> use woplus
switched to db woplus
> db.eval('return 222')
222
数据库用户角色(Database User Roles):
-
read:授予User只读数据的权限
-
readWrite:授予User读写数据的权限
数据库管理角色(Database Administration Roles):
-
dbAdmin:在当前dB中执行管理操作
-
dbOwner:在当前DB中执行任意操作
-
userAdmin:在当前DB中管理User
备份和还原角色(Backup and Restoration Roles):
跨库角色(All-Database Roles):
-
readAnyDatabase:授予在所有数据库上读取数据的权限
-
readWriteAnyDatabase:授予在所有数据库上读写数据的权限
-
userAdminAnyDatabase:授予在所有数据库上管理User的权限
-
dbAdminAnyDatabase:授予管理所有数据库的权限
集群管理角色(Cluster Administration Roles):
-
clusterAdmin:授予管理集群的最高权限
-
clusterManager:授予管理和监控集群的权限,A user with this role can access the config and local databases, which are used in sharding and replication, respectively.
-
clusterMonitor:授予监控集群的权限,对监控工具具有readonly的权限
-
hostManager:管理Server