弥补了传统容器技术安全性的缺点,Kata Containers通过使用硬件虚拟化来达到容器隔离的目的。每一个container/pod 都是基于一个独立的kernel实例来作为一个轻量级的虚拟机。自从每一个container/pod运行与独立的虚拟机上,他们不再从宿主机内核上获取相应所有的权限。
kata containers是由OpenStack基金会管理的容器项目。kata containers整合了Intel的 Clear Containers 和 Hyper.sh 的 runV,能够支持不同平台的硬件,并符合Open Container Initiative规范,同时还可以兼容k8s的 CRI(Container Runtime Interface)接口规范。项目包含几个配套组件,即Runtime,Agent, Proxy,Shim等。项目已于6月份release了1.0版本。
从docker架构上看,kata-container和原来的runc是平级的。大家知道docker只是管理容器生命周期的框架,真正启动容器最早用的是LXC,然后是runc,现在也可以换成kata了。所以说kata-container可以当做docker的一个插件,启动kata-container可以通过docker命令。
1. Agent
Kata-agent运行在guest负责管理容器。Kata-agent的执行单元是定义了一系列命名空间的沙盒。每个VM可以运行多个容器,支持k8s一个pod运行多个容器的需求。不过目前docker中,kata-runtime只能一个pod一个容器。Kata-agent通过gRPC和其他kata组件通信。Kata-agent使用libcontainer管理容器的生命周期
2. Runtime
kata-runtime是一个OCI兼容的容器运行时,负责处理OCI运行时规范指定的所有命令并启动kata-shim实例
配置文件是/usr/share/defaults/kata-containers/configuration.toml
# XXX: WARNING: this file is auto-generated.
# XXX:
# XXX: Source file: "cli/config/configuration.toml.in"
# XXX: Project:
# XXX: Name: Kata Containers
# XXX: Type: kata[hypervisor.qemu]
path = "/usr/bin/qemu-lite-system-x86_64"
kernel = "/usr/share/kata-containers/vmlinuz.container"
image = "/usr/share/kata-containers/kata-containers.img"
machine_type = "pc"# Optional space-separated list of options to pass to the guest kernel.
# For example, use `kernel_params = "vsyscall=emulate"` if you are having
# trouble running pre-2.15 glibc.
#
# WARNING: - any parameter specified here will take priority over the default
# parameter value of the same name used to start the virtual machine.
# Do not set values here unless you understand the impact of doing so as you
# may stop the virtual machine from booting.
# To see the list of default parameters, enable hypervisor debug, create a
# container and look for 'default-kernel-parameters' log entries.
kernel_params = ""# Path to the firmware.
# If you want that qemu uses the default firmware leave this option empty
firmware = ""
3. Proxy
默认使用virtio-serial和VM通信。VM可以运行多个容器进程。在使用virtio-serial的情况下,与每个进程相关联的I/O流需要在主机上多路复用和解复用。
Kata-proxy给多个kata-shim和kata-runtime客户端提供对kata-agent提供访问,它的主要作用是在每个kata-shim和kata-agent之间路由I/O流和信号。Kata-proxy连接到kata-agent的unix域套接字上,这个套接字是kata-proxy启动时kata-runtime提供的
4. Shim
runtime运行在宿主机上,不能直接监控运行在虚拟机里的进程,最多只能看到QEMU进程。kata-shim监控容器进程,处理容器的所有I/O流,包括stdout、stdin和stderr,以及转发所有的要发送出去的信号。
Kata-shim还有其他功能:
kata-runtime kata-env
[Meta]
Version = "1.0.18"[Runtime]
Debug = false
Path = "/usr/bin/kata-runtime"
[Runtime.Version]
Semver = "1.3.1"
Commit = "258eae0"
OCI = "1.0.1"
[Runtime.Config]
Path = "/etc/kata-containers/configuration.toml"[Hypervisor]
MachineType = "pc"
Version = "QEMU emulator version 2.11.0\nCopyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers"
Path = "/usr/bin/qemu-lite-system-x86_64"
BlockDeviceDriver = "virtio-scsi"
EntropySource = "/dev/urandom"
Msize9p = 8192
MemorySlots = 10
Debug = false
UseVSock = false[Image]
Path = "/usr/share/kata-containers/kata-containers-image_clearlinux_1.3.1_agent_c7fdd324cda.img"[Kernel]
Path = "/usr/share/kata-containers/vmlinuz-4.14.67.16-4.4.container"
Parameters = ""[Initrd]
Path = ""[Proxy]
Type = "kataProxy"
Version = "kata-proxy version 1.3.1-d364b2e"
Path = "/usr/libexec/kata-containers/kata-proxy"
Debug = false[Shim]
Type = "kataShim"
Version = "kata-shim version 1.3.1-58f757d"
Path = "/usr/libexec/kata-containers/kata-shim"
Debug = false[Agent]
Type = "kata"[Host]
Kernel = "3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64"
Architecture = "amd64"
VMCOntainerCapable= true
SupportVSocks = false
[Host.Distro]
Name = "CentOS Linux"
Version = "7"
[Host.CPU]
Vendor = "GenuineIntel"
Model = "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6500U CPU @ 2.50GHz"[Netmon]
Version = "kata-netmon version 1.3.1"
Path = "/usr/libexec/kata-containers/kata-netmon"
Debug = false
Enable = false
yum -y install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
source /etc/os-release
echo $VERSION_ID
VERSION_ID=$VERSION_ID yum-config-manager --add-repo \
"http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/katacontainers:/release/CentOS_${VERSION_ID}/home:katacontainers:release.repo"
yum -y install kata-runtime kata-proxy kata-shim
--add-runtime kata-runtime=/usr/bin/kata-runtime --default-runtime=kata-runtime
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=http://docs.docker.com
After=network.target docker-storage-setup.service
Wants=docker-storage-setup.service[Service]
Type=notify
EnvirOnment=GOTRACEBACK=crash
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -s overlay2 --storage-opt overlay2.override_kernel_check=1 \--add-runtime kata-runtime=/usr/bin/kata-runtime --default-runtime=kata-runtime \$DOCKER_OPTS \$DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS \$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS \$DOCKER_DNS_OPTIONS \$INSECURE_REGISTRY
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=1048576
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=1min
Restart=on-abnormal[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker
启动容器,查看容器状态,docker stats,同时发现启动qemu进程
http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/katacontainers:/releases:/x86_64:/master/CentOS_7/x86_64/
http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/katacontainers:/releases:/x86_64:/stable-1.3/CentOS_7/x86_64/4 安装
不用 docker 跟 k8s 通信而是用 cri-o,同时支持普通容器和 kata 容器,要单独安装 runc
https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.0.0-rc8/runc.amd64
chmod +x runc.amd64
mv runc.amd64 /usr/bin/runc
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.13.0/crictl-v1.13.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#cri-o
Prerequisites
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter# Setup required sysctl params, these persist across reboots.
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf <net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOFsysctl --system
# Install prerequisites
yum-config-manager --add-repo=https://cbs.centos.org/repos/paas7-crio-311-candidate/x86_64/os/
# Install CRI-O
yum install --nogpgcheck cri-o
/etc/crio/crio.conf 可以使用命令 "crio config --default >/etc/crio/crio.conf" 创建,然后修改 registries 即可:
修改 kata-runtime
# runtime_untrusted_workload is the OCI compatible runtime used for untrusted
# container workloads. This is an optional setting, except if
# default_container_trust is set to "untrusted".
runtime_untrusted_workload = "/usr/bin/kata-runtime"
修改镜像仓库
registries = [
"docker.io"
]
修改 cgroupfs 等
# cgroup_manager is the cgroup management implementation to be used
# for the runtime.
cgroup_manager = "cgroupfs"
修改 pause 地址
# pause_image is the image which we use to instantiate infra containers.
pause_image = "zhangzhonglin/pause-amd64:3.0"
修改 plugin_dir 路径
# plugin_dir is is where CNI plugin binaries are stored.
plugin_dir = "/opt/k8s/bin"
Start CRI-O systemctl start crio
添加参数 --container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/crio/crio.sock
测试启动一个 deployment 以注解 io.kubernetes.cri-o.TrustedSandbox: "false":
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: wordpress-hostpath
tier: mysql-hostpath
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
annotations:
io.kubernetes.cri-o.TrustedSandbox: "false"
# crictl images
IMAGE TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
docker.io/calico/cni v3.7.4 203668d151b2e 139MB
docker.io/calico/kube-controllers v3.7.4 e67ede28cc7e4 46.8MB
docker.io/calico/node v3.7.4 84b65b552a8f0 159MB
docker.io/coredns/coredns 1.5.0 7987f0908caf3 42.7MB
docker.io/zhangzhonglin/pause-amd64 3.0 99e59f495ffaa 753kB
这个镜像管理比较搓,下载到本地还是不可以,必须是 crio.cfg 配置中的仓库必须能通才可以,containerd 最起码可以管理镜像可以 load
安装 kata-runtime,先验证环境是否支持虚拟化环境,否则就白玩了
kata-runtime kata-env,中 VMCOntainerCapable= true 这个是支持虚拟化环境。
下载地址:https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases
解压至目录 /usr/bin 下sudo systemctl start containerdsudo systemctl status containerdcontainerd config default 生成默认配置,位置/etc/containerd/config.toml
2.1 crictl配置
# cat /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: true
2.2 containerd配置
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
# cat /etc/containerd/config.toml
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
oom_score = 0[grpc]
address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
uid = 0
gid = 0.........................................................................
2.2.1 kata-container cri 插件配置,对于 1.5+版本
plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.runc
: the runc, and it is the default runtime
plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.kata
: The function in containerd (reference the document here) where the dot-connected string io.containerd.kata.v2
is translated to containerd-shim-kata-v2
[plugins.cri.containerd]no_pivot = false[plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes][plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.runc]runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v1"[plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.runc.options]NoPivotRoot = falseNOnewKeyring= falseShimCgroup = ""IoUid = 0IoGid = 0BinaryName = "runc"Root = ""CriuPath = ""SystemdCgroup = false[plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.kata]runtime_type = "io.containerd.kata.v2"[plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.katacli]runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v1"[plugins.cri.containerd.runtimes.katacli.options]NoPivotRoot = falseNOnewKeyring= falseShimCgroup = ""IoUid = 0IoGid = 0BinaryName = "/usr/bin/kata-runtime"Root = ""CriuPath = ""SystemdCgroup = false
参考: https://github.com/kata-containers/documentation/blob/master/how-to/containerd-kata.md
2.3 kubelet配置添加如下:
--runtime-cgroups=/system.slice/containerd.service --container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
镜像下载的问题
ctr cri load xxx.tar
https://github.com/kata-containers/runtime
kata-container 和 runc是平级的。docker 管理容器生命周期的框架,而真正启动容器是 runc,可以换成 kata。kata-container可以当做 docker 的一个插件
https://github.com/kata-containers/documentation/blob/master/design/architecture.md
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/692117
安装 https://github.com/kata-containers/documentation/blob/master/install/installing-with-kata-doc-to-script.md