06.12kickstart无人值守安装

.c32

menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.7!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
# label指定在boot:提示符下输入的关键字，比如boot:linux[ENTER]，这个会启动label linux下标记的kernel和initrd.img文件。
label linux # 一个标签就是前面图片的一行选项。
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz # 指定要启动的内核。同样要注意路径，默认是/tftpboot目录。
append initrd=initrd.img # 指定追加给内核的参数，initrd.img是一个最小的linux系统
label vesa
menu label Install system with ^basic video driver
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img nomodeset
label rescue
menu label ^Rescue installed system
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
menu label ^Memory test
kernel memtest
append -

创建ks.cfg文件
通常，我们在安装操作系统的过程中，需要大量的和服务器交互操作，为了减少这个交互过程，kickstart就诞生了。使用这种kickstart，只需事先定义好一个Kickstart自动应答配置文件ks.cfg（通常存放在安装服务器上），并让安装程序知道该配置文件的位置，在安装过程中安装程序就可以自己从该文件中读取安装配置，这样就避免了在安装过程中多次的人机交互，从而实现无人值守的自动化安装。

生成kickstart配置文件的三种方法：

1.每安装好一台Centos机器，Centos安装程序都会创建一个kickstart配置文件，记录你的真实安装配置。如果你希望实现和某系统类似的安装，可以基于该系统的kickstart配置文件来生成你自己的kickstart配置文件。（生成的文件名字叫anaconda-ks.cfg位于/root/anaconda-ks.cfg）

2.Centos提供了一个图形化的kickstart配置工具。在任何一个安装好的Linux系统上运行该工具，就可以很容易地创建你自己的kickstart配置文件。kickstart配置工具命令为redhat-config-kickstart（RHEL3）或system-config-kickstart（RHEL4，RHEL5）.网上有很多用CentOS桌面版生成ks文件的文章，如果有现成的系统就没什么可说。但没有现成的，也没有必要去用桌面版，命令行也很简单。

3.阅读kickstart配置文件的手册。用任何一个文本编辑器都可以创建你自己的kickstart配置文件。

查看anaconda-ks.cfg

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
#version=DEVEL
install
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 10.0.0.6 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway 10.0.0.2 --noipv6 --nameserver 10.0.0.2 --hostname centos67
rootpw  --iscrypted $6$2Frfm3Sc/oWdF2Yb$GTS8VbsaeLzAfT46EYJWezKA7VMOnefDAH6anyb12Hu5K1qu1awlpTwBxTjAzXpV/.l983Irdwxo5Rks0QV1p1
firewall --service=ssh
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --enforcing
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#clearpart --none
#part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200
#part swap --asprimary --size=1024
#part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200
repo --name="CentOS"  --baseurl=cdrom:sr0 --cost=100
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@core
@debugging
@development
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
python-dmidecode
sgpio
device-mapper-persistent-data
systemtap-client

ks.cfg详解
[root@m01 ks_config]# cat CentOS-6.8-ks.cfg

# Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 6.7 by yao zhang
install
url --url="http://172.16.1.61/CentOS-6.8/"
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1 --Onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS6
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw  --iscrypted $6$X20eRtuZhkHznTb4$dK0BJByOSAWSDD8jccLVFz0CscijS9ldMWwpoCw/ZEjYw2BTQYGWlgKsn945fFTjRC658UXjuocwJbAjVI5D6/
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200
part swap --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot

%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet

%post
wget -O /tmp/optimization.sh http://172.16.1.61/ks_config/optimization.sh &>/dev/null
/bin/sh /tmp/optimization.sh
%end

[root@m01 ks_config]# cat optimization.sh

#!/bin/bash
. /etc/init.d/functions

Ip=172.16.1.61
Port=80
COnfigDir=ks_config

# Judge Http server is ok?
PortNum=`nmap $Ip  -p $Port 2>/dev/null|grep open|wc -l`
[ $PortNum -lt 1 ] && {
echo "Http server is bad!"
exit 1
}

# Defined result function
function Msg(){
        if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
          action "$1" /bin/true
        else
          action "$1" /bin/false
        fi
}

# Defined IP function
function ConfigIP(){
    Suffix=`ifconfig eth1|awk -F "[ .]+" 'NR==2 {print $6}'`
    cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 <<-END
    DEVICE=eth0
    TYPE=Ethernet
    OnBOOT=yes
    NM_COnTROLLED=yes
    BOOTPROTO=none
    IPADDR=10.0.0.$Suffix
    PREFIX=24
    GATEWAY=10.0.0.2
    DNS1=10.0.0.2
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
    IPV6INIT=no
    NAME="System eth0"
    END
    Msg "config eth0"
        cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 <<-END
    DEVICE=eth1
    TYPE=Ethernet
    OnBOOT=yes
    NM_COnTROLLED=yes
    BOOTPROTO=none
    IPADDR=172.16.1.$Suffix
    PREFIX=24
    DEFROUTE=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
    IPV6INIT=no
    NAME="System eth1"
    END
        Msg "config eth1"
}

# Defined Yum source Functions
function yum(){
    YumDir=/etc/yum.repos.d
    [ -f "$YumDir/CentOS-Base.repo" ] && cp $YumDir/CentOS-Base.repo{,.ori} 
    wget -O $YumDir/CentOS-Base.repo http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/CentOS-Base.repo &>/dev/null &&\
    wget -O $YumDir/epel.repo http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/epel.repo &>/dev/null &&\
    Msg "YUM source"
}


# Defined add Ordinary users Functions
function AddUser(){
    useradd oldboy &>/dev/null &&\
    echo "123456"|passwd --stdin oldboy &>/dev/null &&\
    sed  -i '98a oldboy ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL'  /etc/sudoers &&\
    visudo -c &>/dev/null
    Msg "AddUser oldboy"
}

# Defined Hide the system version number Functions
function HideVersion(){
    [ -f "/etc/issue" ] && >/etc/issue
        Msg "Hide issue"
    [ -f "/etc/issue.net" ] && > /etc/issue.net
        Msg "Hide issue.net"
}


# Defined SSHD config Functions
function sshd(){
    SshdDir=/etc/ssh
    [ -f "$SshdDir/sshd_config" ] && /bin/mv $SshdDir/sshd_config{,.ori}
    wget -O $SshdDir/sshd_config http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/sshd_config &>/dev/null &&\
    chmod 600 $SshdDir/sshd_config
        Msg "sshd config"
}

# Defined OPEN FILES Functions
function openfiles(){
    [ -f "/etc/security/limits.conf" ] && {
    echo '* - nofile 65535' >> /etc/security/limits.conf
        Msg "open files"
    }
}

# Defined Kernel parameters Functions
function kernel(){
        KernelDir=/etc
        [ -f "$KernelDir/sysctl.conf" ] && /bin/mv $KernelDir/sysctl.conf{,.ori}
    wget -O $KernelDir/sysctl.conf http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/sysctl.conf &>/dev/null
        Msg "Kernel config"
}

# Defined hosts file Functions
function hosts(){
        HostsDir=/etc
        [ -f "$HostsDir/hosts" ] && /bin/mv $HostsDir/hosts{,.ori}
        wget -O $HostsDir/hosts http://$Ip:$Port/$ConfigDir/hosts &>/dev/null
        Msg "Hosts config"
}

# Defined System Startup Services Functions
function boot(){
    for oldboy in `chkconfig --list|grep "3:on"|awk '{print $1}'|grep -vE "crond|network|rsyslog|sshd"`
      do 
       chkconfig $oldboy off
    done
    Msg "BOOT config"
}

# Defined Time Synchronization Functions
function Time(){
    echo "#time sync by zhangyao at $(date +%F)" >>/var/spool/cron/root
    echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com &>/dev/null' >>/var/spool/cron/root
        Msg "Time Synchronization"
}

# Defined main Functions
function main(){
    ConfigIP
    yum
    AddUser
    HideVersion
    sshd
    openfiles
    kernel
    hosts
    boot
    Time        
}

main